• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2007

분자량이 다른 polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG, 분자량: 250, 1000 g/mol)의 조성에 따라 polyurethane(PU)를 제조하였고 PTMG 250/1000의 비율이 60/40인 조성의 기계적 성질이 가장 우수하였다. 최적 조성의 PU에 다양한 종류의 organoclay를 첨가하여 PU/organoclay 나노복합체를 제조하였다. PU/organoclay 나노복합체의 인장강도와 신장율을 고려할 때 organoclay 93A가 가장 우수하였다. 초음파를 사용하여 organoclay를 분산시킨 나노복합체의 경우 초음파를 사용하지 않은 경우보다 인장강도 및 탄성율은 1.2배 증가하였고 경도는 90에서 95로 증가하였으며 신장율은 600% 이상 얻어졌다. 나노복합체의 열 안정성은 PU와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. X선 회절 (XRD, X-ray diffraction)을 통하여 나노복합체내에 있는 organoclay의 층간 판상거리가 2.5 nm에서 3.3 nm로 증가함을 관찰하였다. 이는 organoclay가 PU 내에서 완전 박리가 안되고 삽입된 것을 의미하며 TEM (transmission electron micrograph)에 의해 확인되었다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2008

High impact polystyrene (HIPS)/organoclay nanocomposites via in situ polymerization were synthesized and their rheological properties were investigated. For the study, two types of organoclays were used: a commercially available organoclay, Cloisite 10A (C10A), and a laboratory-prepared organoclay having a reactant group, vinylclay (ODVC). The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy experiments revealed that the HIPS/ODVC nanocomposite achieved an exfoliated structure, whereas the HIPS/C10A nanocomposite achieved an intercalated structure. In the small-amplitude oscillatory shear experiments, both storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with increasing organoclay. A pronounced effect of the organoclay content was observed, resulting in larger storage modulus and stronger yield behavior in the low frequency region when compared to neat HIPS. The crossover frequencies associated with the inverse of a longest relaxation time decreased as the organoclay content increased. Over a certain value of ODVC content, a change of pattern in rheological properties could be found, indicating a solid-like response with storage modulus greater than loss modulus at all frequencies.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2006

The dispersion of organoclay in ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) matrix was correlated with the rheological and swelling properties of nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis exhibited the disordered-intercalated structure of EPDM/organoclay nanocomposite. The extent of the disordered phase increased with increasing organoclay content up to a limiting value of 3 wt% after which equilibrium tended towards intercalation. The dispersion effect of organoclay in EPDM matrix was clarified by the physicochemical properties like rheological response and swelling thermodynamics in toluene. The increase in viscoelastic properties of EPDM nanocomposite with increasing organoclay content up to 3 wt%, followed by a subsequent decrease up to 4 wt%, was correlated in terms of the disordered and ordered states of the dispersed nano-clay sheets. Swelling measurements revealed that the change in entropy of the swelling increased with the increase in disorder level but decreased with the increase in intercalation level of organoclay in the disordered-intercalated nanocomposite. The increase in solvent uptake was comparable with the free volume in EPDM matrix upon inclusion of silicate particles, whereas the inhibition in solvent uptake for higher organoclay loading was described by bridging flocculation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2003

Although clay can sorb significant amounts of inorganic contaminants from soils and wastewater, the hydration of exchangeable cations in clay minerals makes it hydrophilic at the clay mineral surfaces and interlayers. Thus, natural clays are often ineffective in complexing and stabilizing toxic organic contaminants in soils and groundwater environment. But, substituting these hydrated cations with cationic surfactant such as QAC(Quaternary ammonium Compound) can change the natural clay from hydrophilic to hydropobic. Furthermore functionalized organoclay can act as a powerful dual function sorbent for both toxic metals and organic compounds. It also can be used as landfill clay liners, slurry walls, nano-composite materials, petroleum tank farms, waste treatment, and filter systems. To use this modified clay minerals effectively, it is required to understand the fundamental chemistry of organoclay, synthetic procedures, its engineering application, bioavailability of sorbed ion-clay complex, and potential risk of organoclay. In this review, we investigate the use, application and historical background of the organoclay in remediation technology. The state-of-the-art of organoclay research is also discussed. Finally, we suggest some future implications of organoclay in environmental research.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2006

Organoclay, was applied as a filler, in place of carbon black and silica, to a natural rubber (NR)/butadiene rubber (BR) blend. A compounding method was used to disperse and separate the layered silicates. The effect of a coupling agent on the vulcanizates was evaluated using both the silica and organoclay filled compounds. After the compounding processes were completed, the XRD diffraction peaks disappeared, but then reappeared after vulcanization. The scorch times for the organoclay-filled compounds were very short compared to those for carbon black and silica-filled compounds. The organoclay-filled compounds showed high values of tensile strength, modulus, tear energy, and elongation at the break. When ranked by viscosity, the compounds appeared in the following order: silica > silica (Si-69) > organoclay > organoclay (Si-69) > carbon black. Fractional hysteresis, tensile set, and wear rates were very consistent with the viscosity of the vulcanizates. The Si 69 coupling agent increased reversion resistance, the maximum torque values in the ODR, modulus, and wear resistance, but decreased elongation at the break, fractional hysteresis, and tension set of the vulcanizates.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.204-207
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• 2012

Epoxy nanocomposite was synthesized through the exfoliation of organoclay in an epoxy matrix, which was composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), 4,4'-methylene dianiline (MDA) and malononitrile (MN). Organoclay was prepared by treating the montmorillonite with octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ODTMA). The exfoliation of the organoclay was estimated by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis. In order to measure the cure rate of DGEBA/MDA (30 phr)/MN (5 phr)/organoclay (3 phr), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed at various heating rates, and the data were interpreted by Kissinger equation. Thermal degradation kinetics of the epoxy nanocomposite were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the data were introduced to the Ozawa equation. The activation energy for cure reaction was 45.8 kJ/mol, and the activation energy for thermal degradation was 143 kJ/mol.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2008

Nanostructured materials are attracting increased interest and application. Exciting perspectives may be offered by electrical insulation. Epoxy/Organoclay nanocomposites may find new and upgraded applications in the electrical industry, replacing conventional insulation to provide improved performances in electric power apparatus, e.g, high voltage motor/generator stator winding insulation, dry mold transformer, etc. In the paper work, the electrical and thermal properties of epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites materials were studied. The electrical insulation characteristics were analyzed through the permittivity characteristics. by analyzing the permittivity spectra, it was found that dielectric constant becomes smaller with increase frequency and becomes larger with increase temperature. This indicates restriction of molecular motion and strong bonds at the epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites. The morphology of nanocomposites obtained was examined using TEM and X-ray diffraction. It has been shown that the presence of polar groups leads to an increased gallery distance and partial exfoliation. Nevertheless, full exfoliation of clay platelets has not been achieved.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.687-694
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• 2013

To investigate organoclay, high styrene resin masterbatch (HSR), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and polystyrene (PS) as reinforcing materials for the improvement of the abrasion resistance of poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS), SBS/organoclay nanocomposites, SBS/HSR, SBS/HIPS, and SBS/PS blends were prepared. The effect of organoclay and blends on the abrasion resistance and mechanical properties of SBS was investigated. Even though intercalations of organoclay are observed for SBS/Cloisite 20A nanocomposites and not for SBS/Cloisite 30B composites, the abrasion resistance of SBS/Cloisite 20A nanocomposites is worse than that of SBS/Cloisite 30B composites. When SBS was blended with HSR, HIPS and PS, the abrasion resistance of the blends increases with increasing of HSR, HIPS and PS content from 0 to 20 wt%.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.1572-1578
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• 2008

The effect of the organoclay_10A nanoparticles on the DSC and Structural and Dielectrics Properties(1Hz-1MHz) for epoxy/Organoclay_10A Nanocomposites has been studied. Dielectric properties of epoxy-Organoclay nanocomposites were investigated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 filler concentration by weight. Epoxy nanocomposites samples were prepared with good dispersion of layered silicate using power ultrasonic method in the particles. As structural analysis, the interlayer spacing have decreased with filled nanoparticles contents increase using power ultrasonic dispersion. The maximum increase interlayered spacing was observed to decease for above 5wt% clay loading. The other hand, as decrease with concentration filler of the layered silicate were increased dispersion degree of nanoparticles in the matrix. The interesting dielectric properties for epoxy based nanocomposites systems are attributed to the large volume fraction of interfacesin the bulk of the material and the ensuring interactions between the charged nanoparticle surface and the epoxy chains.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2002

폴리우레탄을 이용한 나노 복합재료의 열적 기계적 성질, 모폴로지, 그리고 기체 투과 정도를 유기화 점토의 함량에 따라 조사 후 비교하였다. 유기화 점토는 헥사데실아민-몬모릴로나이트($C_{16}$-MMT)를 사용하였으며, 매트릭스 고분자인 폴리우레탄에 대해 1-4 wt%로 각각 분산시키면서 물성을 조사하였다. 유기화 점토가 일정한 wt%에서 일부는 뭉쳤지만 대부분은 매트릭스 고분자에 고루 분산됨을 전자현미경으로부터 알 수 있었고, 열적 성질 및 기계적 성질은 분산도에 따라 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 기체 투과도는 유기화 점토 양의 증가에 따라 현저히 감소함을 보여주었다. 본 연구로부터, 소량의 유기화 점토 (<5 wt%)를 분산시킨 나노 복합재료는 순수한 폴리우레탄 보다 열적, 기계적 성질 및 기체 투과 방지에 좋은 효과가 있음을 알았다.