• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate if organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among non-diabetes. Methods: Among subjects who participated in a community-based health survey, 50 non-diabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome and 50 normal controls were selected. Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Eight OCPs were selected. Results: After adjusting for confounders except for body mass index (BMI), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ($\beta$-HCH) and heptachlor epoxide were positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Odds ratios across tertiles of $\beta$-HCH and heptachlor epoxide were 1.0, 3.2 and 4.4, and 1.0, 4.0 and 6.0, respectively (p for trend = 0.01 and <0.01). After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), heptachlor epoxide still showed an increasing trend with adjusted odds ratios of 1.0, 4.1, and 4.6 (p for trend = 0.10). When the five components of metabolic syndrome (with the definition of high fasting glucose ($\geq$ 100 mg/dL) were separately analyzed, all components were positively, but not significantly, associated with heptachlor epoxide. As the serum concentration of heptachlor epoxide increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly in subjects with metabolic syndrome even after adjusting for BMI (p value <0.05 and <0.01). Conclusions: Despite the small sample size, this study suggests that the background exposure to some OCPs may be associated with metabolic syndrome.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2001

경기도 안성시 한경대학교에서 1999년 7월부터 11월까지 2주간격으로 대기중 OCPs를 측정하였다. 현재도 사용중인 것으로 보고된 endosulfan I과 II의 농도가 오래 전에 사용 금지된 다른 OCPs와 대사물질의 농도보다 훨씬 높았다. 그리고 모화합물인 heptachlor보다는 대사물질인 heptachlor epoxide가 더 높은 농도를 보였다. 이것은 이 성분이 사용된 지 상당히 되었지만, 환경중에서 독성이 강한 대사물질로 전환되어 잔류함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 모든 OCPs는 가을보다 여름에 높은 농도를 보였다. 온도가 높은 여름에 air-surface exchange과 관련된 휘발작용으로 농도가 높아지고 온도가 낮은 가을에 농도가 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 그렇지만 endosulfan I과 II는 온도의 영향뿐만 아니라 사용량과 관련성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effect to human health and the environment. They were designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by Stockholm Convention. Greenhouse strawberry is economic crop in agriculture, and its cultivation area and yield has been increased. Therefore, we tried to investigate the POPs residue in greenhouse soil and strawberry.METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up method for the quantitative analysis of OCPs was developed and validated by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The clean-up method was established using the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe(QuEChERS) method for OCPs in soil and strawberry. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery rates of OCPs in greenhouse soil and strawberry were 0.9-6.0 and 0.6-0.9 μg/kg, 74.4-115.6 and 75.6-88.4%, respectively. The precision was reliable sincerelative standard deviation (RSD) percentage (0.5-3.7 and 2.9-5.2%) was below 20, which was the normal percent value. The residue of OCPs in greenhouse soil was analyzed by the developed method, and dieldrin, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate were detected at 1.6-23, 2.2-28.4 and 1.8-118.6 μg/kg, respectively. Those in strawberry were not detected in all samples.CONCLUSION: Dieldrin, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in a part of investigated greenhouse soil were detected. But those were not detected in investigated greenhouse strawberry. These results showed that the residue in greenhouse soil were lower level than bioaccumulation occurring.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed in order to evaluate whether 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could be detected among residents living near Camp Caroll in Waegwan and whether serum concentrations of dioxins, including 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are associated with length of residence. Methods: Study subjects totaled 113 (for dioxins) and 190 (for OCPs) adults who were selected from participants in a medical investigation. Serum concentrations of dioxins and OCPs were measured using HRGC/HRMS. Information on length of residence was obtained through questionnaires. Results: 2,3,7,8-TCDD was not detected in serum among all subjects. When length of residence was classified as a categorical variable, after adjusting for confounding variables, only residents living in Waegwan for 40 years or longer tended to have high total TEQ values and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF with marginal significances. There was no dose-response relation between length of residence and serum concentrations of these chemicals. In multiple regression models with continuous values of the length of residence, total TEQ value and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF were positively associated with length of residence. However, they explained about 3-5% of total variations of serum concentrations of these compounds, while age, consumption of fatty fish, body mass index, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking were main variables affecting serum concentrations of dioxins or OCPs. Conclusions: In the current study, high concentrations of certain compounds were mainly observed among persons who lived in Waegwan for at least for 40 years without a dose-response relation. Therefore, it seems difficult to conclude that length of residence meaningfully contributed to the current serum concentrations of dioxins or OCPs among residents in Waegwan. However, considering the half-life of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and indirect exposure routes, the limitations of the current study design should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2007년도 제48회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.81.2-81.2
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• 2007

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• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2016

Cheonsu Bay, one of the most important in Korea as a coastal fishery is a semi-enclosed bay that is surrounded by large farmlands and industrial areas. This coastal environment has been affected by anthropogenic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of PCBs and OCPs in sediment, Manila clams, and mussels from Cheonsu Bay; the accumulation pattern of these chemicals in these bivalves in relation to seasonal changes; and the ecological risk from sediments and the risk to the Korean population from the consumption of these bivalves. The levels of ${\Sigma}PCBs$, ${\Sigma}DDT$, and ${\Sigma}HCHs$ were 69.3-109, 40.3-49.3 and 6.25-17.8 ng/g lipid in Manila clams, and 70.6-159, 38.6-102 and 9.00-13.5 ng/g lipid in Mussels. Significant seasonal variations in PCBs and OCPs concentrations were observed in the two bivalves, suggesting that the accumulation of PCBs and OCPs in these species is related to their spawning times. The dietary intake of these two bivalves and the resulting lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and non-cancer risk were calculated for the human population. The consumption of these bivalves seemed to be safe in relation to human health with negligible LCR and non-cancer risk.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.442-453
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• 2014

Objectives: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to be the detrimental chemicals in the body, even at low levels, and are stored in adipose tissue. Recently, POPs have been reported to be associated with chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, and aging and obesity are reported as common factors in chronic disease. However, there have been only a few studies on the associations of POPs with age and body mass index (BMI) in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed the associations of serum POPs levels with age and BMI in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 444 subjects (253 men and 191 women) from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (2004-2011). Serum levels of 33 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured by a gas chromatographer (Agilent 6890) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer (JEOL JMS-800D). Results: Concentrations of PCB 153 (men: 12.26 ng/g lipid, women: 10.50 ng/g lipid) and p,p'-DDE (men: 94.66 ng/g lipid, women: 96.66 ng/g lipid) were the highest among serum PCBs and OCPs, respectively. PCBs and OCPs were significantly positively correlated with age in both sexes. After adjustment for age, non-dioxin like PCBs were significantly negatively correlated with body mass in women. However, cis-heptachlor epoxide was significantly positively correlated with body mass index in both sexes. When analyzed by sex, stronger associations were shown between POPs and age in men and POPs and BMI in women. Conclusion: These results may provide baseline data for the study of POPs and for the health management field in Korea.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by Stockholm Convention because they bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effect to human health and the environment. Apple and pear is economic crop in agriculture, and its cultivation area and yield has been increased. Therefore, we tried to investigate the OCPs residue in apple and pear orchard soils and fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up method were developed using the modified QuEChERS method for residual organochlorine pesticides (ROCPs) in apple and pear orchard soil and fruits. Recovery and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of ROCPs in soil and fruits were 75.4-101.4 and 76.9-93.4%, 0.03-0.21 and $0.6-1.2{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Detected ROCPs in apple and pear orchard soil was 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, and endosulfan sulfate, the residues were 2.2, 1.9-48.0, 1.3-84.1, 90.6-863.1, and $11.3-239.0{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. But five pesticides in all fruit samples were not detected. CONCLUSION: These results showed that ROCPs residues in apple and pear orchard soil had no effect on safety of agricultural products.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2008

혈액 내에 축적되어 있는 유기염소계 농약을 분석하기 위한 방법으로 기존에는 액체-액체 추출법과 고체상 추출법을 많이 사용하였으나 정제 및 많은 양의 시료 처리에 한계가 있다. 이를 극복하기 위한 방법으로 시료양이 적으며 간편한 고체상미량추출법을 사용하여 혈액 중 18종의 유기염소계 농약의 최적 추출법을 연구하였다. 흡착조건(fiber type, 흡착시간, 흡착온도, 염석효과)과 탈착조건(탈착시간, 탈착온도) 등 최적의 추출을 위해 여러 가지의 실험조건 등을 검토한 결과, fiber는 polyacrylate $85{\mu}m$, 흡착시간은 50분, 흡착온도는 $80^{\circ}C$, 염석효과는 NaCl 0.1 g, 탈착시간은 5분, 탈착온도는 $280^{\circ}C$에서 최적임을 확인하였다. 정확도, 정밀도 및 검출한계에 대한 타당성을 최적 실험조건에서 조사한 결과, 검출한계는 0.05~0.20 ng/mL, 정밀도는 5.59~13.39%, 정확도는 -0.5%~24.5%의 범위인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 시설재배지 토양 및 작물 중 스톡홀름협약에서 대부분 잔류성유기오염물질(POPs)로 지정된 잔류성유기염소계 농약의 잔류량을 조사하였다. 토양 및 작물 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약 분석을 위한 추출 및 정제는 QuEChERS 방법을 다소 개선한 방법으로 수행되었다. 시설재배지 토양, 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약의 회수율은 각각 78.2-110.6, 85.2-94.2, 78.3-92.4 및 73.3-92.6% 이었으며, 토양과 3개 작물에서의 검출한계는 각각 0.01-0.08과 $0.11-0.17{\mu}g/kg$ 수준이었고, 상대표준편차는 토양 및 3개 작물에서 각각 1.0-4.1, 1.9-3.9, 2.8-4.8 및 2.5-5.8%로 20% 미만으로 적합한 범위이었다. 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 시설재배지 토양에서 dieldirn, ${\beta}-endosulfan$ 및 endosulfan sulfate 3 성분이 각각 1.4-72.5, 0.1-78.7 및 $0.0-214.1{\mu}g/kg$ 수준으로 검출되었으나 참외, 풋고추 및 참외의 모든 시료에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 시설재배지 토양이 농산물 안전성을 위협할 정도로 잔류성유기염소계 농약으로 오염되지 않았음을 나타냈다.