• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.108-116
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• 2015

This study intends to research the spatial characteristics of Asian interim housing that accommodates sufferers pro tempore after disasters. The scope of this research covers the interim spaces used for housing people after natural disasters that occurred in Asia for the past fifteen years. Within this scope, literature review was conducted as the basis to derive the characteristics and environmental elements of interim housing, which provided the criteria to compare and evaluate cases of interim housing along with characteristic elements required of interim housing found in previous studies. According to literature review, interim housing can be classified by life-span, region, economy, climate, type, number of household, square measure, residential cost, structure/material, and service life. Within the scope of the present research, literature review showed a total of twenty-eight cases of interim housing in fifteen countries revealing a high rate of disaster occurrence in the subtropic and tropic climate of Southeast Asia. A great percentage of interim housing was used for long-term stay of over a year. The structure of interim housing varied from lightweight steel, wooden, masonry, membrane, to traditional structure and the type were divided into temporary shelter, transitional housing, temporary housing, and permanent housing. Followed by literature review, the characteristics required of post-disaster interim housing were analyzed based on previous research and case studies. The characteristics of interim housing can be divided into environmental, technological, and socio-cultural ones. Sub-characterical items according to such division include amenity, health, surroundings, structure, convenience, eco-friendliness, safety, communication, and locality. As a result of evaluation, most items met the required characteristics of interim housing, while technological characteristics such as structure and convenience varied with the types of interim housing and appeared even unnecessary in some cases. According to analysis, amenity is maintained through the structural and material characteristics of interim housing and is also facilitated by increasing number of infrastructure such as educational, sanitary, and convenience facilities provided by the governmental and organizational bodies. It is expected that this study will be utilized as preliminary data for follow-up studies that improve the environment of post-disaster interim housing suitable for domestic circumstances in environmental, technological, and socio-cultural respects.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.106-118
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• 2021

Global governments and initiatives have attempted and integrated various organizational efforts to implement the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), presenting a new paradigm of sustainable development to address global issues (climate change, poverty eradication, and human rights). Recently, investment in sustainable finance has expanded to finance the attainment of goals set out in the Paris Agreement and SDGs. Non-financial factors such as environment, social responsibility, and governance (ESG) have become intangible assets that determine the future competitiveness and profitability of companies. Domestic and foreign institutional investors and asset management companies have been expanding their investments based on the ESG performance of companies. In this study, we aim to derive international standards and initiatives that require disclosure of information on corporate social responsibility activities and ESG performance and analyze construction companies' ESG activities and performance levels. The results of this study can be used as the basis to develop platforms for the construction industry ESG ecosystem and the measurement and management of intangible assets. These could ultimately contribute to overcoming the crisis in the future due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, fostering net-zero emissions, and preventing fatal workplace accidents in the construction industry.

• Maritime Security
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-83
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• 2022

For humankind, the ocean is a treasure trove of natural resources and an important area that provides major transportation routes. However, marine ecosystems are under threat amidst the global climate change crisis. This is partly due to various sources of pollution emitted from ships, shore facilities, and other sources. In response, the navies of advanced countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe have assessed such a climate change crisis as a new maritime security threat. These countries have made early efforts to prevent marine pollution from warships. These efforts have been legally embodied. This was legislation for technical and organizational structures to be practically applied in the field. Among these navies of developed countries, France has established parliamentary and intergovernmental plans to become a leader in environmental protection at the defense level, not only in the European region but throughout the world. Within this framework, the French Navy, through its internal instruction, has inclined its legal efforts to prevent marine pollution from warships. Therefore, this study examines the legislation for the prevention of marine pollution from warships within the French Navy and compares it with the marine environmental legislation applicable to the ROK Navy. It then deduces the implications for the ROK navy, which is advancing toward a Blue-Water navy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze job stress factors of hospital workers, which has an effect on their turnover intention. For identifying the influences on turnover intention, types of hospitals (university hospital, general hospital, private hospital) and types of workers(office workers, technical workers, and nursing staffs) were categorized. We went to the hospitals and carried out the survey under the cooperation with the concerned hospitals. The period of survey was from 23. Sep. 2013 to 30. Oct. 2013, and 293 worker participated in the survey. On the basis of the previous study, the measurement of job stress factors and turnover intention was set up as the survey method, and its reliability and validity were measured. The stress factors were subdivided into seven factors; occupational climate, organizational system, autonomy job control, uncertainty of getting a new job, job ability to perform, job demand, job ambiance. The value of job stress factors by the measuring instrument, Cronbach's Alpha, was 0.805 and the value of the subordination variable of turnover intention was 0.881. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used as the statistic analysis tool and the descriptive statistics about job stress factors. As a result, the turnover intention were analyzed depending on the types of hospitals, job groups, working years, and gender. Result shows that the job stress factors are differed according to the types of hospitals, and these job stress factors have influence on turnover intention. Therefore, it could be considered that, if the hospital managers find out the major job stress factors of their employees and resolve them in advance, the job stress of the hospital workers and their turnover intention can be reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8509-8515
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and smoking behaviors among small scale manufacturing male workers. A self administered questionnaire was given to 856 male workers employed in 24 work places under 50 members of manufacturing industries. As a results, the smoking rates of small scale manufacturing male workers was 35.2%. In the results of multiple logistic regression analysis to know the relationship between job stress and smoking behaviors, the Odds ratio of the total score of Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS) and its subarea(physical environment, job demand, organizational system, lack of reward and occupational climate) were significantly increased in high risk group than normal group. These results suggested that job stress may play a significant role in the smoking behaviors in the high risk group than normal group of small scale manufacturing male workers.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 1997

Basic science teaching and clinical education should be integrated whenever appropriate, and the development of skills, values, and attitudes which are emphasized to the same extent as the acquisition of knowledge in nursing. Problem-based learning provides a students-centered learning environment and encourages an inquisitive style of learning. The purpose of this paper is to review and comment the role of tutors and students on problem-based learning. The use of problem-based learning places a high demand on faculty members' time and support. The role of tutors in Problem-based learning focuses primarily on issues of developing and teaching the curriculum and on organizational implementation and institutionalization. Tutors are an integral part of course planning. Tutors serve as a constant source of feedback on student needs and concerns to the course director and constitute an informal steering committee while the course is in progress. Tutors write cases, develop student evaluation methods, recommend resources, suggest modifications in lectures and laboratories. Students have a limited amount of time available to study what is traditionally defined as the core content of nursing. But, the role of students in Problem-based learning would be active, independent learners and problem-solvers rather than passive recipients of information. Students using a deep level approach attempt to integrate what they learn with what they already know, to understand the meaning underlying the material to be learned, and to look for explanations rather than facts. Students are encouraged, with appropriate guidance, to define their own learning goals, to select appropriate experiences to achieve these goals, and to be responsible for assessing their own learning progress. Problem-based learning is more flexible and meaningful, by encouraging student interaction, and by having a better emotional climate than the conventional learning.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify associations among the sleep disturbance, fatigue, job stress, and blood and body fluid (BBF) exposure of shift-work nurses. Methods: A total of 299 shift-work nurses from two tertiary hospitals were enrolled in this study. We used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) to evaluate sleep disturbance, fatigue, and job stress, respectively. The data were analyzed using t-test or chi-squared test and Logistic regression analysis using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: We found that 43.8% of participants reported BBF exposure over the past year. Splash or exposure to broken skin of BBF were most frequent (56.9%), and followed by needlestick injuries (30.4%) and sharp injuries (12.8%). Age, hospital, working period, level of stress, sleep disturbance ($ISI{\geq}15$), fatigue (FSS $score{\geq}4$), job demand and organizational climate subset in KOSS-SF were significantly associated with BBF exposure in shift-work nurses. In multivariate analysis after adjusting age and hospital, the risk factors of BBF exposure in shift-work nurses were the level of stress and fatigue (FSS $score{\geq}4$). Conclusion: Fatigue and job stress were related to BBF exposure in shift-work nurses. Our results suggest that management of sleep disturbance, fatigue, and high job stress in shift-work nurses is needed to reduce risk of BBF exposure.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data for the plans to reduce occupational stress by analyzing occupational stress of medical technologist. The experimental group comprised of 193 medical technologists working in Gyeonggi province. Occupational stress was 49.74 out of 100. In detail, job insecurity showed a high value of 64.42, followed by organizational system, lack of reward, physical environment, job demand, insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, and occupational climate with respective values of 52.46, 52.30, 51.18, 49.57, 48.43, 39.78 and 39.77. It is recommended that those in high-stress job group increase physical activity and reduce job insecurity to improve health. The development of programs to reduce occupational stress are necessary, and this study can provide objective information using biological indicators.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.225-233
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and the validity of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS) in occupational therapists. The data were collected from 214 occupational therapists by using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale. The gathered data were conducted the factor analyses and validation process to ascertain the validity. The results of this study suggested that to estimate occupational stress of occupational therapist, modified version of the KOSS which was consist of eight subscales might be more an appropriate measurement scale than the original version of the KOSS which was composed of seven subscales. Eight subscales of the scale were occupational climate, organizational system, insufficient job control, lack of reward, job demand, interpersonal conflict, job ability and job insecurity, and out of these, job ability was newly added for occupational therapist. Also the results indicated that Cronbach's alpha score of this measurement tool was 0.84, and it means that internal consistency of this scale has good reliability, and the number of questions are also valid. This study has significance to suggest necessary psychometric characteristics of the occupational stress scale for job stress study in occupational therapist.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.849-857
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• 2014

Occupational Stress is defined the stress which occurs in the workplace or organization. In Korean workers, the rate of occupational stress was 87.8% which was the highest level among OECD countries(average 80.0%). The purpose of this study was to examine the empirical verification of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS) in physical therapists. For this purpose, the subject of this study was set up physical therapists who were working at Gyeonggi province and collected from 388 persons by using purposive sampling. The collected data was conducted explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in order to ascertain factor structure and practical verification of KOSS. Major results were as following: first, the reliability of KOSS was 0.83, and it means that a measure of internal consistency is high. Second, the KOSS result of physical therapists was composed 7 subscales(job demand, insufficient job control, job insecurity, interpersonal conflict, occupational system and lack of reward, organizational climate) and that is more appropriate measurement scale than the original one by using explanatory/confirmatory factor analysis. This study could be contributed as a tool for evaluation and outcome of the basic information of related occupational stress in physical therapists.