• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2020

This study investigates prehistoric human subsistence and pottery use on the Korean peninsula through the organic residue analysis of archaeological potsherds. Ancient human subsistence is one of the core topics in Korean archaeology. However, due to the high acidity of sediments, which prevents the long-term preservation of organic remains, archaeologists have been short of critical information on how these early prehistoric dwellers lived. Ceramic vessels can contain well-preserved lipids originating from past culinary practices. For a better understanding of human subsistence on the prehistoric Korean peninsula, food-processing behaviors were reconstructed by analyzing ancient lipids extracted from a pottery matrix. The potsherd samples used in the analysis in this paper were collected from major prehistoric habitation sites. The results show that subsistence strategies differed according to both location and time period and reveal how organic residue analysis can contribute to a better understanding of prehistoric human subsistence strategies.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2021

유기잔존물 분석(organic residues analysis)은 동식물의 종에 따라 물질을 구성하고 있는 주요 성분이 다르다는 특성을 이용하여 유기물 시료의 종류를 밝혀내는 분석 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 의정부 신곡동 유적에서 출토된 조선시대 회묘 내 목관 부착 유기잔존물과 현대 재료에 대한 과학적 분석을 적용하여 유기잔존물의 주성분을 확인하고 유기물의 용도를 추정하여 과거 생활 모습을 밝힐 수 있는 자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 목관 부착 유기물과 현대 재료는 적외선 분광 분석(FT-IR)과 기체 크로마토그래피-질량 분석(GC-MS)을 수행하였다. 목관 내부에 부착된 유기물의 FT-IR 분석 결과 식물성 천연 수지 물질로 확인되었다. 또한 천연 수지의 특성 인자를 확인하기 위해 GC-MS 분석 결과 디하이드로아비트산(dehydroabietic acid), 피마릭산(pimaric acid) 등 아비탄(abietane)과 피마란(pimarane)의 디터페노이드(diterpenoid) 화합물과 포화·불포화지방산 성분이 함께 검출되었다. 디터페노이드 화합물은 주로 소나무과 수지에서 나타나는 성분이다. 소나무과 수지에서 기인하는 송진은 문헌에 접착제 재료로 사용된 기록이 있으며, 유기물 시료가 목관 이음새 부분에 잔존하고 있었던 점을 고려한다면 목관에 부착되어 있던 유기물은 소나무과 수지로 만들어진 접착 물질로 추정된다. 또한 디터페노이드 화합물과 함께 검출된 지방산은 식물성 기름에서 유래된 성분으로, 문헌의 기록처럼 송진과 기름을 혼합하여 만든 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 고고자료에 남아 있는 유기물이 매장 환경에서도 그 특성이 남아 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 당시 사용되었던 천연 수지의 종류와 용도를 밝힘으로써 과거 생활 모습 복원에 중요한 정보를 확보하였다는 점에서 큰 의미가 있다고 본다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.456-461
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• 2018

The solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) has promoted the development and application for biogas production from biomass which operate a high solid content feedstock, as higher than 15% of total solids. However, the digested byproduct of SS-AD can be used as a fertilizer or as solid fuel, but it has serious problems: high moisture content and poor dewaterability. The organic residue from SS-AD has to be improved to address these problems and to make it a useful alternative energy source. Hydrothermal carbonization was investigated for conversion of the organic residue from the SS-AD of livestock waste to solid fuels. The effects of hydrothermal carbonization were evaluated by varying the reaction temperatures within the range of $180-240^{\circ}C$. Hydrothermal carbonization increased the calorific value through the reduction of the hydrogen and oxygen contents of the solid fuel, in addition to its drying performance. Therefore, after the hydrothermal carbonization, the H/C and O/C atomic ratios decreased through the chemical conversion. Thermogravimatric analysis provided the changed combustion characteristics due to the improvement of the fuel properties. As a result, the hydrothermal carbonization process can be said to be an advantageous technology in terms of improving the properties of organic waste as a solid-recovered fuel product.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2016

The post cleaning method for clean the shadow mask using in OLED (organic light emitting diode) emitter layer is always reforming. The cleaning solution and analysis method of shadow mask is still lack and not optimized. We use the simple and useful analytical method to determine the quantity and quality of organic and inorganic residue on surface of shadow mask. Finally analyze the cleaning solution using Raman spectroscopy efficiently.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using HR-GC/MS for the rapid screening of dieldrin residues in soils. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of organochlorine pesticides such as dieldrin, were analyzed in sedimentary rock and granite rock collected from greenhouses, Niigata, Japan. Dieldrin remains in Japanese farming soils, more than 40 years after their use as insecticides was prohibited. The averages in soil moisture ranged from 2.79% to 7.20% in soils derived from sedimentary rock and from 25.59% to 31.40% in soils derived from granite rock. Mean concentrations of dieldrin residues in sedimentary rock and granite rock were $39.7ng\;g^{-1}$ and $40.51ng\;g^{-1}$, respectively. Dieldrin residue was detected at a slightly higher concentration in granite rock than sedimentary rock samples. There was no consistency between the two soils or between surface and subsurface soils. The coefficients of variation of the two soils were 10.6% and 8.7%, respectively. These results suggest that our high-resolution mass spectrometry detector (HR-GC/MS) is effective at analyzing residual organochlorine pesticides in soil. In order to increase the precision and sensitivity for chemical analysis of POPs, high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with a HR-GC/MS is highly recommended.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1984

조미료를 만드는 과정에서 폐산물로 생산되는 아미노산 발효부산물 비료를 뽕밭에 시용하는 농가의 시비 실태와 연용에 따른 토양 화학성의 변화를 알기 위해 전국에서 임의 선정된 110개 시군, 364개 농가 포장에서 토양을 채취 분석하고, 시비 실태를 설문 조사한 결과가 다음과 같았다. 1. 부산물비료를 시용하지 않는 농가는 3요소를 25.8-12.8-16.0kg/10a 시비하는데 비해, 시용하는 농가는 9.8-4.5-5.5kg/10a을 시비하는데 그쳤다. 2. 유기물 시용은 부산물비료를 시용하지 않는 농가에서는 1,158kg/10a을 시용하였으나, 시용 농가에서는 329kg/10a를 시용하였다. 3. 부산물비료를 시용하는 농가 중 53%가 3요소를 74%가 유기물을, 50%가 3요소는 물론 유기물을 시용하지 않았으며, 이러한 경향은 연용 연수에 따라 증가하였다. 4. 부산물 비료를 시용하는 농가의 토양은 연용연수와는 관계없이 시용하지 않는 농가에 비해 pH, 유기물, K, Ca, Mg, 유효인산 함량 등이 약간씩 낮은 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1688-1696
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• 2020

Soil physical and chemical characteristics, soil potential denitrification rates (PDR), community composition and nirK-, nirS- and nosZ-encoding denitrifiers were studied by using MiSeq sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) technologies base on short-term (5-year) tillage field experiment. The experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with crop residue removed as control (RTO). The results indicated that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and NH₄⁺-N contents were increased with CT, RT and NT treatments. Compared with RTO treatment, the copies number of nirK, nirS and nosZ in paddy soil with CT, RT and NT treatments were significantly increased. The principal coordinate analysis indicated that tillage management and crop residue returning management were the most and the second important factors for the change of denitrifying bacteria community, respectively. Meanwhile, this study indicated that activity and community composition of denitrifiers with CT, RT and NT treatments were increased, compared with RTO treatment. This result showed that nirK, nirS and nosZ-type denitrifiers communities in crop residue applied soil had higher species diversity compared with crop residue removed soil, and denitrifying bacteria community composition were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria. Therefore, it is a beneficial practice to increase soil PDR level, abundance and community composition of nitrogen-functional soil microorganism by combined application of tillage with crop residue management.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2006

현재 가동 중인 생활폐기물 소각시설에서 배출되는 소각재의 수세처리에 의한 유기화학물질 용출특성을 확인하기 위해 GC/MSD로 정성 분석을 하였다. 바닥재 및 비산재에서 각각 44종 및 17종의 다양한 유기화합물질을 확인하였다. 이러한 정성분석은 각 피크의 질량스펙트럼에 대한 Library(NIST21, NIST107, WILEY229) 검색 후 일치도가 90% 이상인 유사지표(similarity index)에 의해 수행되었다. 바닥재는 Naphthalene 그리고 Phenanthrene인 2종의 다방향족화합물(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)을 포함한 18종의 방향족화합물과 사슬모양의 탄화수소인 26종의 지방족화합물을 검출하였다. 비산재의 경우 잔류성유기오염물질(Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs)인 헥사클로로벤젠(Hexachlorobenzene, HCB)을 포함한 10종의 방향족화합물과 7종의 지방족화합물을 정성적으로 확인하였다. 또한, 바닥재와 비산재의 용출액과 용출잔사의 용출특성을 비교분석한 결과, 바닥재에서는 Ethenylbenzene, Benzaldehyde, 1-Phenyl-ethanone 그리고 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester 등이, 비산재에서는 Naphthalene, Dodecane, 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, Tetradecane, Hexadecane 그리고 Pentachlorobenzene등의 유기화합물이 수층으로 용출되는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 소각재 중 비산재 및 바닥재가 단순 매립될 경우 유기화합물에 의한 침출수 및 지하수, 토양 등 2차 오염이 발생할 것으로 추정되며, 이러한 2차 오염을 방지하기 위해서 소각재에 함유되어 있는 다양한 종류의 유기화학물질의 용출특성을 조사하여 이에 대한 효율적이고 적정한 관리가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2020

The problems with unsorted municipal waste are always associated with disposal issues as it requires a large area for landfilling or high energy used for incineration. In recent years, an autoclaving technique has been considered a promising approach which could minimize the volume of organic waste from being directly disposed or incinerated. In this work, an attempt was done to study the saccharification potential of organic residues under elevated temperature Thermal treatment involving hot water bath was applied to treat the organic residue ranging from 60℃ to 100℃ for 30 and 60 minutes. The result obtained showed an increasing trend for the concentration of glucose and carbohydrate. However, the result for lignocellulose content which contains various component includes extractive, holocellulose, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin show variation. Based on the thermal treatment carried out, the result indicated that the trend of glucose and carbohydrate content. The highest percentage of glucose that can be obtained 978.602 ㎍/ml which could be obtained at 90℃ at 60 minutes. The carbohydrate also shows an increasing trend with 0.234 mg/ml as the highest peak achieved at 80℃ for 30 minutes treatment. However, it was found that the lignocellulose content varies with temperature and time. The statistical analysis was carried out using two-ways ANOVA shows an interaction effect between the independent variables (temperature and contact time) and the saccharification effects on the food wastes. The result shows a variation in the significant effect of independent variables on the changes in the composition of food waste.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Mathematical model such as GLEAMS have been developed and successfully applied to upland fields to estimate the level of pesticide residues in soil. But, the GLEAMS model rarely applied to the Korean conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate pesticide transport in soil residue using the GLEAMS model from pepper plot, Alachlor, Endosulfan, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate were applied for standard and double rate. Soil sampling was conducted and decaying patterns of pesticides were investigated. Observed climate data such as temperature and irrigation amount were used for hydrology simulation. The observed pesticide residue data of 2008 were used for parameter calibration, and validation of GLEAMS model was conducted with observed data of 2009. After calibration, the $K_{oc}$ (Organic carbon distribution coefficient) and WSHFRC (Washoff fraction) parameters were identified as key parameters. The simulated concentrations of the pesticides except Fenvalerate were sensitive to $K_{oc}$ parameter. Overall, soil residue concentrations of Alachlor, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate were fairly simulated compared to those of Endosulfan. The applicability of the GLEAMS model was also confirmed by statistical analysis. CONCLUSION(s): GLEAMS model was eligible for evaluation of pesticide soil residue for Alachlor, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate.