• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2004

Porous concrete is used of various parts by advantage of porous. Example of growing of plant is possible, and dwelling of creature, and filter functions of various contaminant, and decrease of noise, and so on. This research is for porous concretes that were used by four aggregate rubble, refreshing aggregate, expanded clay, orchid stone. This research estimate that physical and mechanical characteristics of fresh concrete and hardened concrete. The purpose of this research is to make environment-friendly porous concrete. This research's conclusion is as following : 1. Porous Concrete's slump was measured 12~14cm with rubble, 12~16cm with refreshing aggregate, 11~13cm with expanded clay, 11~13cm with orchid stone. Weight of aggregate was bigger, slump price appeared by bigger thing. Because placed Porous Concrete is low viscosity and small resistance between aggregate, it estimated that have high workability. 2. Porous Concrete's unit weight was measured 1.71~1.75t/$\textrm{m}^3$ with rubble, 1.58~1.62t/$\textrm{m}^3$ with refreshing aggregate, 1.19~1.20t/$\textrm{m}^3$ with expanded clay, 0.98~1.06t/$\textrm{m}^3$ with orchid stone. Showed aspect such as weight of aggregate. 3. Porous Concrete's compressive strength was measured 76~102kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ with rubble, 51~60kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ with refreshing aggregate, 30~40kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ with expanded clay, 13~16kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ with orchid stone. 4. Tendency of tensile strength and bending strength showed generally similarly with compressive strength, but showed low value fewer than 15kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ Therefore, wire mesh, reinforcing rod, such as establishment of frame is considered to need in reinforcement about tensility or flexures in case receive tensility or produce product of thin absence form. It concludes by speculating on the consequences of extrapolating the results of study to remodelling the office building being already existence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.187-190
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• 1999

This study is intended to present the properites of planting concrete using the light-weight aggregate and crushed aggregate. According to the result of experiment, the concrete using orchid stone shows a better performance in voids volume, unit weight, absorbtion, thermal conductivity and pH, which are helpful for planting and heat isolation. Therefore, if planting concrete used with orchid stone are utilized to be the planting base on the building's roof, it will be effective to reduced the cost of construction and heating due to the redution of building's self weight and heat isolation effection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.193-197
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• 2008

This study enforced to produce the planting concrete block which could be applied to various slopes economically. First of all, the physical properties was investigated with the various types of aggregate and aggregate ratio of the paste for the lead to mixture proportion of the planting concrete. As a result, the orchid stone as aggregate and 30% of aggregate ratio of the paste were used as the basic mixture proportion considering 20~30% of maintained void ratio for the growth of plant, over 20% of capillary suction for holding water, and 3MPa as the minimum strength. For the result of the test to the new planting block which was quite different from existing planting concrete block, it could complement the problems and be possible to produce effectively and economically because various slopes like 40ﾟ~75ﾟ, continual produce by extrusion, and pumping out were possible were possible.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2023

This study was aimed to determine the effects of grow media on the mineral contents of the leaves and growth characteristics of strawberry grown under aquaponics system in a plant factory. For aquaculture, 12 fish (Cyprinus carpio) (total weight, 2.0 kg) were raised in an aquaponics tank (W 0.7 m × L 1.5 m × H 0.45 m, 472.5 L) filled with 367.5 L of water at a density of 5.44 kg·m^-3 and total 34 of strawberry seedlings were transplanted in the pots filed with 200 g of orchid stone, hydroball or polyurethane sponge in the growing bed (W 0.7 m × L 1.5 m × H 0.22 m) laid out with holly acrylic sheet (140×60 mm, Ø80) on the top of the system. The pH and EC of the aquaponic solution was ranged from 7.6 to 4.9 and 0.24-0.91 dS·m^-1, respectively. The concentration of NO_3-N was about 28% lower than that of the hydroponic standard solution, and K, Fe and B were 10, 27 and 3.8 times lower, respectively; however, the mineral contents of strawberry leaves were in the appropriate ranges with lower contents in the leaves grown with sponge media. The organic content (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of the sludge were 61.5, 5.72, 8.92, and 0.24%, respectively. The leaf area, leaf number, and dry and fresh weights of shoot at 81 DAT were significantly higher in the hydroball, and the average number of fruits per plant was significantly higher in both the orchid stone and hydroball. There was no significant difference in the fresh and dry weights of fruits. Integrated all the results suggest that the orchid stone and hydroball media are more effective to utilize nutrients in solid particles of aquaponic solution, compared to the polyurethane sponge.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

Bio-filtration utilizes microorganisms fixed to a porous medium to metabolize pollutants present in an air stream. The microorganisms grow in a bio-film on the surface of a medium or are suspended in the water phase surrounding the medium particles. Therefore, bio-filter support media play one of the most important key roles in bio-filtration of gas phase pollutants. To characterize and select the appropriate support media, gas adsorption capacity and microorganism immobilization were investigated in lab-scale experiments for the selected target support media which were compost I (compost from lab-scale process), compost II (compost from municipal facility), bark, wood chip, orchid stone and vermiculite. As odor materials, ammonia and trimethylamine were utilized. From the result of experiments, bark was superior to any other support media tested in adsorption capacity as much as 12.5 mg ammonia per 1 g bark. In trimethylamine adsorption, bark and wood chip showed a remarkable results of 21.1 and 14.1 mg/g respectively. On the other hand, microorganism fixation test determined by the count of nitrogen oxidizing microbes population, the compost II and wood chips showed the best results. Considering the characteristics of materials and the operating condition of the bio-filter, bark, wood chip, and compost II are applicable to the support media of bio-filter when they are appropriately blended on the basis of studying the media pH, packing porosity and moisture contents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.437-440
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• 2008

This study enforced to produce the planting concrete block which could be applied to various slopes economically. First of all, the physical properties was investigated with the various types of aggregate and aggregate ratio of the paste for the lead to mixture proportion of the planting concrete. As a result, the orchid stone as aggregate and 30% of aggregate ratio of the paste were used as the basic mixture proportion considering 20${\sim}$30% of maintained void ratio for the growth of plant, over 20% of capillary suction for holding water, and 3MPa as the minimum strength. For the result of the test to the new planting block which was quite different from existing planting concrete block, it could complement the problems and be possible to produce effectively and economically because various slopes like $40^{\circ}{\sim}75^{\circ}$, continual produce by extrusion, and pumping out were possible were possible.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.116-128
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• 2017

In this study, the original scenery of Baegun-dong Garden in Gangjin was compared with that of the reconstructed site to suggest directions for restoration in the future. The diachronic prototype scenery of the Baegun-dong Garden was derived by integrating the elements of the original and contemporary prototype sceneries from the old poetry series. The old poetry series is comprised of "Baegun-dong 8Yeong(詠)" by Lee Damro(李聃老), "Baegun-dong 10Su(首)" by Song Ikhwi(宋翼輝), "Baegun-dong 12Gyeong (景)" by Jeong Yakyong(丁若鏞), and "Baegun-dong 14Gyeong" by Lee Siheon (李時憲). Guidance for directions for future restoration was suggested through a comparative analysis between the diachronic prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden and the current scenery of the restored site. The research result is as follows. First, the prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden was a harmonic view composed of the camellia forest road, 'Baegun-dong' the letter carved on a rock, a cliff 'Changhabyeok(蒼霞壁)' the red letter written by Jeong Yakyong, paulownia trees, waterfalls and a maple forest. Outside the Byeolseo(別墅), there were a red plum blossom forest, a pine forest, and a bamboo forest, as well as the view of Okpanbong(玉版峯) from Jeongseondae(停仙臺). In the yard, there were Chwimiseonbang(翠微禪房), Jug-gak(竹閣), Pyeongsang(榻), a lotus Bangji(方池), Gogsugeo(曲水渠) and Hwagye(花階). Cranes were even raised in the yard. Second, comparing the diachronic prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden with its restored site, following a restoration guide is suggested. There should be more water flow in Baegun-dong Valley and Jug-gak should be restored. 'Changhabyeok' the red letter should be carved on the stone wall. Trees should be controlled for a better view of Okpanbong from Jeongseondae. More trees and plants, such as red plum blossom, pine tree, paulownia trees, azaleas(映山紅), chrysanthemum, orchid, daffodil, and lotus should be planted in the yard. A system of integrated guide boards is also required for effective information transmission for visitors.