• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2013

In adaptive radiotherapy(ART), generated composite dose of surrounding normal tissue on overall treatment course which is using deformable image registration from multistage images. Also, compared with doses summed by each treatment plan and clinical significance is considered. From the first of May, 2011 to the last of July, 2012. Patients who were given treatment and had the head and neck cancer with 3-dimension conformal radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiotherapy, those who were carried out adaptive radiotherapy cause of tumor shrinkage and weight loss. Generated composite dose of surrounding normal tissue using deformable image registration was been possible, statistically significant difference was showed to mandible($48.95{\pm}3.89$ vs $49.10{\pm}3.55$ Gy), oral cavity($36.93{\pm}4.03$ vs $38.97{\pm}5.08$ Gy), parotid gland($35.71{\pm}6.22$ vs $36.12{\pm}6.70$ Gy) and temporomandibular joint($18.41{\pm}9.60$ vs $20.13{\pm}10.42$ Gy) compared with doses summed by each treatment plan. The results of this study show significant difference between composite dose by deformable image registration and doses summed by each treatment plan, composite dose by deformable image registration may generate more exact evaluation to surrounding normal tissue in adaptive radiotherapy.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

Purpose: A whole body scan using a radioactive iodine (I-131) for the patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is generally an useful method to detect the remnant thyroid tissue, recurred lesion or metastasis lesion after a surgery. The high dose treatment using the radioactive iodine recently tends to increase, and a hospitalization wait for the treatment has been delayed for several months. In this hospital, the treatable patients per week were increased in number through expanding a water-purifier tank and the examination time also increased as the I-131 whole body scan patients increased. Improvement for this problem, this research reduce the existing examination time and classifying the lesion's exact position intended to by fabricating and utilizing the transmission scan tool and an excellent resolution for whole body imaging. Materials and Methods: After conducting the whole body scan for patients who visited the department from February to July 2008 and received the I-131 whole body scan using the ORBITER Gamma Camera. A rail was installed in the examination table for the transmission scan for show a contour of surface area and then the transmission image was obtained and fused to the whole body scan through fabricating the tool to put a flood phantom of diluted 2 mCi $^{99m}Tc$-pertechnetate. Results: Fused image of I-131 whole body scan and the transmission scan had the excellent resolution to discriminate an oral cavity or salivary gland region, neck region's lesion, and metastasis region's position through a simple marking, and could reduce the examination time of 8~28 minutes because without the additional local image. Conclusions: In I-131 whole body scan, the transmission scan can accurately show a contour of surface area through the attenuation of radioactivity, and is useful to indicate the remnant thyroid tissue or metastasis lesion's position by improving the resolution through the fusion image with alreadyexecuted I-131 whole body scan. Also, because the additional local image is not necessary, it can reduce the time required for the examination. It will extensively apply to other clinical examinations to be helpful for identifying an anatomical position because it shows the contour of surface area.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.262-266
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• 2008

Purpose: Many patients suffer with anemia after gastrectomy. Iron deficiency due to a decreased oral intake and malabsoption is the most common cause of anemia in gastrectomized patients. This study evaluated the efficacy of administering intravenous iron sucrose for treating patients with anemia. Materials and Methods: From May 2007 to October 2007 at Yonsei University Severance Hospital, we reviewed 47 outpatients whose hemoglobin levels were below 11 g/dl after gastrectomy. Iron sucrose was used for iron supplementation. To determine the difference between before and after the treatment (at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after treatment), we prospectively examined such anemia parameters as the hemoglobin level (Hgb), the hematocrit (Hct), serum iron, TIBC, ferritin and transferin. Results: Out of the 47 patients, only 36 completed their treatment. Eleven were male and 25 were female. The Hgb levels, which indicate anemia, were elevated 0.6, 0.8, 1.3, 2.1 and 2.2 g/dl after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after administration, respectively (P<0.001). The changes from 1 week to 3 months were statistically significant, but those from 3 to 6 months were not. The Hgb levels of 26 patients, which accounted for 72% of all the patients, elevated up to 12 g/dl or more. No side effects or complications were found, but there was one case of temporary nausea. Conclusion: Anemia after gastrectomy is safely treated in a relatively short time with administering iron sucrose. The patients' Hgb levels are expected to increase in a week and keep increasing up to 3 months.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1998

This study examines the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) and cancer antigen 125(CA125) in serum and its related factors in healthy Korean population. Although CA19-9 and CA125 have been widely used tumor markers for gastroenteric cancers and ovarian cancer in Western countries, there are no information available on the serum levels of CA19-9 and CA125 in healthy population and the factors affecting the levels of these tumor markers in Korea. A cross-sectional study was performed to measure CA19-9 and CA125 among 76 healthy males and 95 healthy females in Korea. CA19-9 and CA125 were quantitated using solid-phase radioimmunoassay kits. Informations on the factors which might be related to the levels of these markers were collected by questionnaire(e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, menstruation, oral pill use, breast-feeding history, etc.). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of CA19-9 concentration between men(10.4 u/ml) and women(10.1 u/ml), whereas the mean of CA125 levels(11.2 u/ml) was higher in women than that(2.5 u/ml) in men. Although there was a statistically significant association between CA19-9 and average number of cigarette consumed per day(r=0.59, p=0.026) and total number of cigarettes consumed in women(r=0.74, p=0.003), the significance disappeared by multiple regression analysis after adjusting age and body mass index. Later age of menopause(p=0.035) and longer duration of breast-feeding(p=0.050) were significant predictors for CA125 levels in women by multiple regression analysis after adjusting age and body mass index. In conclusion, CA19-9 can be used as a stable tumor marker in clinical practices, however, menstruation and breast-feeding should be considered when CA125 is used in women.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2001

Purpose : Acute leukemia with hyperleukocytosis (more than $10^5/mm^3$) is at high risk of early sudden death, usually from intracerebral hemorrhage. Emergency cranial irradiation is a relatively simple approach to solve this the problem. We summarized our experience of cranial irradiation in 24 leukemic children who presented with hyperleukocytosis. Methods and Materials : Between 1990 and 1998, 40 children with acute leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis were referred for emergency cranial irradiation. Among these patients, 24 children were evaluable. There were 16 boys and eight girls, their ages ranged from 2 to 13 years (median 9.5 years). The initial leukocyte counts ranged $109,910/mm^3\;to\;501,000/mm^3$. Peripheral blood smear was peformed in all patients and noted the morphology of the blast. Introduction of emergency cranial irradiation was determined by the leukocyte counts (more than 100,000/mm) and the existence of the blast in peripheral blood smear. All patients were treated with intravenous hydration with alkaline fluid and oral allopurinol. Cranial irradiation started on the day of diagnosis. With 2 Gy in one fraction in 4 patients, 4 Gy in two fractions in 20 patients. Results : The WBC count had fallen in 19 patients (83%) and no intracerebral hemorrhage occurred after irradiation. There were five cases of early deaths. Four patients died of metabolic complications, and one patient with intracerebral hemorrhage. He died 5 hours after cranial irradiation. No patient had any immediate side effect from cranial irradiation. Conclusion : Our data suggest, that emergency cranial irradiation can be safely chosen and effective in childhood leukemic patients presenting with high leukocyte counts.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-54
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• 1981

The purposes of this study were to determine the relevant nursing needs of patients following discharge; to identify the degree of their nursing needs; to identify types and status of discharge order and information given to patients; and to determine their specific nursing needs according to their diagnosis. In addition, opinions toward home care services provided by hospitals or by public health nurses and appointment plans with their physicians were also asked in order to determine the necessity of follow-up care for the patient after discharge. Nine hundred and eighty eight subjects were collected among patients being discharged from one national university hospital and four city hospitals. Data were collected from June,1979 to December,1979 using questionnaires and interviews. On the bases of these data the following findings were observed; 1) Almost 40 percents of total subjects discharged from the hospital with some or great degree of nursing needs in general. The most problematic nursing needs were needs for comfort which include needs for releaving pain, for sound sleep and rest, because these needs can only be met by professional help. More than 50% of total subjects have this problem. 2) Needs for mental health, general metabolism, general hygiene and activities and safety were observed in more than 20 percent of subjects. 3) Discharge orders on diet and oral medication were recorded in patients' charts in 70% of all cases. However, more than fifty percents of patients have not been told these information from doctors or nurses. Even though some of them might have had appointment plans with their physicians, they would not keep the appointments unless they completely understood the necessity of the follow-up care. If they have not had any appointment or would not visit the out-patient clinic, there is no method of caring them and prerenting funther discomfort or complications. Even in injection, ski care, dressing and bath, only one thirds of the subjects having recorded discharge orders understood what they need after discharge. The rest of cases have not known what to do for their further care. 4) More than 80 percents and 70 percents of total subjects agreed to a system of home care services provided by hospitals or public health nurses respectively. That is, regardless of sources of medical expenses, most of patients wanted to be taken care of at home following discharge. 5) While more than half of the patients having benefit of medical insurance or paying fully by themselves had appointment plans with their physicians, only one thirds of the patients fully or partially paid by government had appointment plans with their physicians. These results ex-plain that the appointment plan is directly associated with their economic power. This indicates that the home care services are more needed to the people with lower economical status. 6) Those who have been in the hospital more than 24 days wanted !o have home care services more than those who had less hospital days. They also had more appointment plans than other groups. 7) More than 70 percents of the subjects who had been in a university hospital and approximately 30 percents of the subjects in the city hospitals had appointment plans with their physicians. 8) Those who had the cerebrovascular disease, cancer or hypertension demanded more nursing needs such as needs for comfort, for general metabolism and for mental health. 9) Factors which were associated with the degree of patients' nursing needs were age, duration of hospitalization, opinion toward home care services given by public health nurses, hospital appointments and types of hospital. That is, the older they were and the longer the periods of hospitalization were, the higher were their nursing needs. The more they had nursing needs, the more they wanted to have nursing services and had appointment plans. It can be concluded that there is a great demand for a positive and systematic home care services to the people who have been discharged from hospitals following critical care. This program is definitely demanded for the low income groups of people with less education with the financial assistance of the government or other funding agencies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1717-1724
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• 2016

Probiotic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum pF1 NITE-P1462 (Lp-pF1), L. plantarum KCCM 11352P (Lp-PNU), L. plantarum CBT LP3 KCTC 10782BP (Lp-CB), and L. plantarum KCTC 3099 (Lp-3099) isolated from kimchi and Lactococcus lactis KFCC 11510P (L-lactis) isolated from Doenjang were studied. Resistance to gastric and bile acid, adhesion to intestines in colon cells, thermal stability, and antioxidative and in vitro anticancer effects in HT-29 cancer cells were evaluated. L. plantarum strains showed improved tolerance of gastric and bile acids than L-lactis. Lp-pF1 had better adhesion ability in the intestine than Lp-PNU, Lp-3099, and L-lactis. Lp-pF1 also showed better heat resistance at $50^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, and $80^{\circ}C$ than Lp-CB, Lp-3099, and L-lactis. In addition, Lp-pF1 exhibited greater antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals or hydroxyl radicals and anticancer effects in MTT assay than others. Taken together, these results suggest that L. plantarum isolated from kimchi showed higher probiotic activities with antioxidant and anticancer properties than Lac. lactis isolated from Doenjang. Lp-pF1 revealed the best probiotic activities among L. plantarum and could be used as a promising potential probiotics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.141-146
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• 2004

Fungal products indirectly mediate anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. To investigate whether Lentinus edodes might possess direct anti-tumor substance, L. edodes was extracted and tested on human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 oncogenes-associated animal tumor cells (TC-1) and in an animal tumor model. Only water extract displayed direct anti-proliferative effects in TC-1 tumor cells in vitro. This inhibition was dose-dependent, and inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) was $800\;{\mu}g/mL$. Fungal extracts also showed growth inhibition to human cervical cancer cells (CaSki and HeLa) similarly to TC-1 tumor cells. When fungal extracts were added at a high dose (1.5 mg/mL), cell growth was inhibited within 6 hr following extract treatment. Cell growth inhibition was blocked by heat treatment, but not by low pH, which is indicative of heat sensitivity of this anti-proliferative substance. Cell growth suppression was mediated by apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V and propidium iodide staining. When challenged with TC-1 cells, direct intratumoral injection of fungal extracts resulted in some positive effect on tumor growth inhibition, as compared to oral delivery. Results suggest that heat labile substance of L. edodes suppresses growth of HPV oncogenes-associated tumor cells through apoptosis.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Purpose : This test is designed to identify the validity of treatment plan by implementing real-time dosimetry by means of dose that is absorbed into PTV and OAR when preparing doses of 3D and POP plans. Materials and Methods : In treatment. error can be calculated be comparing Exp. Dose with the actual dose, which has been converted from 'the reading value obtained by placing diode detector on the area to be measured'. Same test can be repeated using Alderson-Rando phantom. Results : Errors were found: A patient(POP plan): 197.6/199=-1.2%, B patient(3D-plan): 199.9/198.7=+0.6%, C patient: 196/200=-1.5%. In addition, considering the resulted value of measuring OAR besides target-dose for C patient showed 96/200, representing does of 47%, the purpose of protection was judged to be duly accomplished. Also it was acknowledged the resulted value of -3.7% met the targeted dose within the range of ${\pm}5%$. Conclusion : Aimed for identifying the usefulness of pre-treatment dose measurement using diode detector, this test was useful to evaluate the validity of curing because it resulted in the identification of category to be protected as well as t dose. Moreover, it is thought to have great advantage in ascertaining the dose of target, dose of which is not calculated yet. Similar to L-gram before treatment, this test is thought to be very effective so that it can bring great advantages in the aspects such as validity of curing method and post-treatment plan as well.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.274-282
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• 2000

Stainless steel crowns are widely used for restoration for primary molars. The material used for the crowns is an alloy of $70\sim80%$ nickel and $5\sim15%$ chromium. Nickel has been known to cause allergic reaction, cancer and cell toxicity. Little is known about nickel with respect to the relationship between Ni-contained SS crown and graining of Ni-resistance in oral microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to examine whether use of Ni-contained SS crown leads to occurrence of Ni-resistant microorganism, especially enterococci. The gingival crevicular fluid of two different groups was taken. Experimental group included patients wearing SS crown, and control group comprised individuals without SS crown. The samples were plated in BHI agar, BHI agar supplemented with nickel chloride at the concentration of 3mM and bile esculin azide (BEA) agar. The cultured enterococci on BEA agar medium were tested their Ni-resistance in nickel-containing media increasing concentrations from 3mM to 50mM. The results were as follows: 1. In experimental group, a total of 507,350 strains were isolated on BHI agar, of which 53,864(10.62%) strains were found to be resistant to 3mM nickel. In control group, of 414,590 isolates on BHI agar, 37,523 isolates were resistant to 3mM nickel. 2. A total of 95 enterococci were isolated on BEA agar in experimental group, while 20 were isolated in control group. of the enterococci, 68 and 12 isolates were found to be nickel-resistant in experimental and control group, respectively. 3. Of 68 nickel-resistant isolates in experimental group, one survived 50mM nickel. In contrast, none of the isolates in control group was observed to grow at the concentrations over 30mM nickel.