• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.326-329
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• 2007

$CuInS_{2}$ thin films were synthesized by sulpurization of Cu/In Stacked elemental layer deposited onto glass Substrates by vacuum furnace annealing at temperature 200[$^{\circ}C$]. And structural and electrical properties were measured in order to certify optimum conditions for growth of the ternary compound semiconductor $CuInS_{2}$ thin films with non-stoichiometry composition. $CuInS_{2}$ thin film was well made at the heat treatment 200[$^{\circ}C$] of SLG/Cu/ln/S stacked elemental layer which was prepared by thermal evaporator, and chemical composition of the thin film was analyzed nearly as the proportion of 1 : 1 : 2. Physical properties of the thin film were investigated at various fabrication conditions substrate temperature, annealing and temperature, annealing time by XRD, FE-SEM and Hall measurement system. At the same time, carrier concentration, hall mobility and resistivity of the thin films was $9.10568{\times}10^{17}$ [$cm^{-3}$], 312.502 [$cm^{2}/V{\cdot}s$] and $2.36{\times}10^{-2}$ [${\Omega}{\cdot}cm$], respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 1991

The dielectric properties and microstructure of SrTiO3-based grain boundary layer (GBL) capacitor were investigated, and SrTiO3 GBL capacitor was made by penetrating the Frit (PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3 system). The Nb2O5-doped SrTiO3 ceramics were fired for 4-hours, at 145$0^{\circ}C$ in H2-N2 atomsphere to get semiconductive ceramics. The grain size of SrTiO3 sintered at reduction atmosphere had increased as the amount of Nb2O5 increases and then decreased as the amount of Nb2O5 exceeded 0.2 mole%. Insulating reagents which contained PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3 system frit and oxide mixture were printed on the each semiconductive ceramics and fired at varying temperature and for different holding time. The optimum dielectric properties could be obtained by second heat treatment at 110$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, when frit paste was printed. A SrTiO3-based GBLC had the apparent permitivity of about 3.2$\times$104, the dielectric loss of 0.01~0.02 and the stable temperature coefficient of capacitance. The influence of frit paste on dielectric properties was similiar to that of oxide paste but the stability of temperature property of capacitance was improved.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2004

To determine lethal temperature of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Janbeol 102) developed in Korea at heat-stressed conditions, seedlings grown in a amall pots for 4 weeks were treated at $45^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ or $55^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. Heat treatments at $60^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, several plants were withered and showed damage symptom on their leaves. When the plants were exposed to $70^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, most of leaves were severely withered, but it was not lethal conditions for the whole plants. By contrast, most of plants were died within one day after heat treatment at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1h. Furthermore, plants exposed to $80^{\circ}C$ for 55 min were also died within 7 days. It was found that new shoots were regenerated from the plants that had been treated at $80^{\circ}C$ within 50 min. These results indicate that heat treatment at $80^{\circ}C$ for 55 min is an optimum condition to distinguish the lethality of orchardgrass plants. Simple viability assay system established in this study will be useful for selection and characterization of heat-tolerant transgenic orchardgrass plants.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 1998

The microwave cooking of rice was studied for the purpose of establishing optimum conditions of power level and heating time. Optimum volume of adding water was 290 ml per 173 g rice. The longer the rice was soaked, the better the cooked rice. However, we chose one hour as soaking time so that we might observe well the effects of power levels. The mode of microwave cooking consisted of 5 steps of power level; step 1: temperature ascendance, step 2: water absorption 1, step 3: water absorption 2, step 4: heat penetration, step 5: gelatinization completion. The quality of cooked rice was evaluated subjectively. As a result of the study, 3 optimum conditions were chosen as follows. 1) (7) 5:00-(1) 5:00-(2) 5:00-(2) 6:00-(7) 4:00, 2) (8) 4:25-(1) 5:00-(2) 5:00-(2) 5:00-(6) 4:00,3) (9) 3:40-(1) 5:00-(2) 5:00-(3) 6:00-(7) 2:00

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.11
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• pp.28.1-28.6
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• 2018

Background: Preventing oxidative stress in heat stressed animals may be possible by increasing antioxidant defence via exogenous administration of antioxidant substrate and/or its precursors. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Soursop juice in mitigating oxidative stress induced by heat stress in rabbit. Methods: Sixty mixed breed rabbit bucks aged 12-18 months old with the average weight of $1826{\pm}8.35$ g/rabbit, randomly allotted to experimental treatments of four replicates each, in a completely randomized design during high-temperature humidity index in Ado Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria. Soursop juice (SSJ) was administered via oral drenched daily per kg body weight (BW), to designated treatment 1 to 5; $0.55mlkg^{-1}BW$ distilled water (control), $0.55mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, $1.11mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, $1.67mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ and $2.22mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, respectively. Fastened blood samples were collected at days 28 and 56, and assay for serum protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation using standard procedures. Result: Result revealed that SSJ demonstrated hypocholesterolemic effect in a dose-dependent manner throughout the study. Effect of chronic administration of SSJ to heat stressed rabbits proved beneficial, as SSJ reduced serum lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant activity over 8 weeks. Conclusion: Administration of soursop juice to heat-stressed bucks at $2.22mlkg^{-1}BW$ offered optimum antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 2007

$CuInSe_2$ thin film were prepared in order to clarify optimum conditions for growth of the thin film depending upon process, and then by changing a number of deposition conditions and heat treatment conditions variously, structural and electrical characteristics were measured. Thereby, optimum process variables were derived. For the manufacture of the $CuInSe_2$, Cu, In and Se were deposited in the named order. Among them, Cu and In were deposited by using the sputtering method in consideration of their adhesive force to the substrate, and the DC/RF power was controlled so that the composition of Cu and In might be 1:1, while the annealing temperature having an effect on the quality of the thin film was changed from $200\;^{\circ}C$ to $350\;^{\circ}C$ at intervals of $50\;^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.86-90
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• 2008

$CuInSe_2$ thin film were prepared in order to clarify optimum conditions for growth of the thin film depending upon process, and then by changing a number of deposition conditions and heat treatment conditions variously, structural and electrical characteristics were measured. Thereby, optimum process variables were derived. For the manufacture of the $CuInSe_2$, Cu, In and Se were deposited in the named order. Among them, Cu and In were deposited by using the sputtering method in consideration of their adhesive force to the substrate, and the DC/RF power was controlled so that the composition of Cu and In might be 1:1, while the annealing temperature having an effect on the quality of the thin film was changed from $200^{\circ}C$ to $350^{\circ}C$ at intervals of $50^{\circ}C$.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.8 s.89
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• pp.603-608
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• 2006

The main purpose of the present study has been placed on investigating the mechanical properties and microstructures of C-Si-Mn-V steels for cold forming manufactured by controlled rolling and cooling technology. The steels were manufactured in electric arc furnace (EAF) and casted to $160{\times}160mm$ billet. The billets were reheated in walking beam furnace and rolled to coil, the stocks were rolled by Controlled Rolling and Cooling Technology (CRCT), so rolled at low temperature by water spraying applied in rolling stage and acceleratly cooled before coiling. Rolled coils were cold drawed to the degree of 16%, 27% of area reduction respectively without heat treatment. Microstructual observation, tensile test, compression test and charpy impact tests were conducted. The mechanical properties of the steels were changed by area reduction of cold drawing and it is founded that there are optimum level of cold drawing to minimize compression stress for these steels. From the result of this study, it is conformed that $80kg_{f}/mm^{2},\;90kg_{f}/mm^{2}$ grade high strength microalloyed steel for cold forming are developed by accelerated cooling and optimum cold drawing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.321-324
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• 2005

The main purpose of the present study has been placed on investigating the effects of controlled rolling and cooling on the microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Si-Mn-V steels for cold forming. The steels were manufactured in vacuum induction melting(VIM) furnace and casted to 1.1ton Ingots and the ingots were forged to $\Box150$ billet. The forged billets were reheated in walking beam furnace and rolled to coil, the stocks were rolled by Controlled Rolling and Cooling Technology (CRCT), so rolled at low temperature by water spraying applied in rolling stage and acceleratly cooled before coiling. Rolled coils were cold drawed to the degree of $27\%$ of area reduction without heat treatment. Microstructual observation, tensile test, compression test and charpy impact tests were conducted. The mechanical properties of the steels were changed by area reduction of cold drawing and it is founded that there are optimum level of cold drawing to minimize compression stress for these steels. From the result of this study, it is conformed that mechanical properties and microstructure of C-Si-Mn-V steels for cold forming were enhanced by accelerated cooling and founded optimum level of cold drawing.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the fructose, total fructan, polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity of garlic treated acid and heat($100{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr). Optimum condition of acid hydrolysis of fructan was 0.3N $H_2SO_4$ and 5 min. As increasing heating temperature, fructose content was significantly increased from 17.1 to 189.9 mg/g whereas total fructan content was decreased from 248.1 to 2.0 mg/g. The fructan was mostly hydrolyzed by heating at $130^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The polyphenol contents was increased from 0.85 to 13.74 mg/g increasing heating temperature and also antioxidant activity was significantly increased. The polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity on acid hydrolysate after heating was slightly increased.