• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2003

In order to develop a film-forming transdermal drug delivery system, polyurethane (PU) based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) was synthesized and characterized. The synthesized PU was blended with Gantrez ES 225 (GT) to improve the adhesion property of film-forming agent to the skin. When film-forming gel formulation containing 3% ketoprofen (KP) was applied, transparent thin film was obtained within 5 minutes and adhered to the skin for 8 hours. In vitro percutaneous absortion studies were performed to determine the rate of ketoprofen absorption through guinea pig skin. A prominent effect of limonene on the skin permeability of ketoprofen was observed among the various skin permeation enhancers investigated. Considering mechanica properties of film and skin permeability of ketoprofen, 2% of limonene was optimal content in the film forming transdermal formulation.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2008

This paper discusses a design methodology of cooperative path planning for dynamical multi-agent systems with spatial and temporal constraints. The cooperative behavior of the multi-agent systems is specified in terms of the objective function in an optimization formulation. The path of achieving cooperative tasks is then generated by the optimization formulation constructed based on a differential flatness approach. Three scenarios of multi-agent tasking are proposed at the cooperative task planning framework. Given agent dynamics, both spatial and temporal constraints are considered in the path planning. The path planning algorithm first finds trajectory curves in a lower-dimensional space and then parameterizes the curves by a set of B-spline representations. The coefficients of the B-spline curves are further solved by a sequential quadratic programming solver to achieve the optimization objective and satisfy these constraints. Finally, several illustrative examples of cooperative path/task planning are presented.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.779-785
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• 2009

This paper is concerned with a computational approach for topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear structures following specific load-displacement trajectories. In our previous works, attention was paid to stabilize topology optimization involving large displacement and a method called the element connectivity parameterization was developed. Here, we aimed to extend the element connectivity parameterization method to find an optimal geometrically nonlinear structure yielding a specific load-displacement trajectory. In contrast to designing a stiffest structure, the trajectory design problem requires special consideration in topology optimization formulation and solution procedure. Some numerical problems were considered to test the developed element connectivity parameterization based formulation.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1999

This study is to develop design sensitivity analysis method based on continuum theory for the actual buckling load of vehicle passenger compartment with respect to sizing design variables. For nonlinear structural analysis, both geometric and material nonlinear effects are considered. The total Lagrangian formulation for incremental equilibrium analysis and one-point linear eigenvalue problem for buckling analysis are utilized. Numerical methods are presented to evaluate design sensitivity expressions, using structural analysis results from FEM code. Optical design of vehicle passenger compartment with buckling constraint solved using Gradient projection method.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.939-944
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• 2004

The numerical methods including the performance analysis and the noise prediction of the centrifugal compressor impeller are coupled with the optimization design skill, which consists of response surface method, statistical approach, and genetic algorithm. The flow-field Inside of a centrifugal compressor is obtained numerically by solving Wavier-Stokes equations. and then the propagating noise is estimated from the distributed surface pressure by using Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings formulation. The quadratic response surface model with D-optimal 3-level factorial experimental design points is constructed to optimize the impeller geometry for the advanced centrifugal compressor. The statistical analysis shows that the quadratic model exhibits a reasonable fitting quality resulting in the impeller blade design with high performance and low far-field noise level. The influences of selected design variables, objective functions, and constraints on the impeller performance and the impeller noise are also examined as a result of the optimization process.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.665-691
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• 2015

This study aims at comparing the optimum design of two common types open web expanded beams: with hexagonal openings, also called castellated beams and beams with circular openings referred to as cellular beams. The minimum weights of both beams are taken as the objective functions while the design constraints are respectively implemented from The Steel Construction Institute Publication Numbers 5 and 100. The design methods adopted in these publications are consistent with BS5950 parts. The formulation of the design problem considering the limitations of the above mentioned turns out to be a discrete programming problem. Improved harmony search algorithm is suggested to compare the optimum design of mentioned web-expanded beams to analysis the performance of both beams. The design algorithms based on the technique select the optimum Universal Beam sections, dimensional properties of hexagonal and circular holes and total number of openings along the beam as design variables.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권6_3호
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• pp.1279-1288
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• 2023

Recently, domestic leisure boats have been actively researching eco-friendly product development to enter the global market. Since the hulls of existing leisure boats are mainly made of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or aluminum, design techniques for securing structural safety by applying related materials have been mainly studied. In this study, an initial structural design safety assessment of a trimaran pontoon leisure boat with a modular hull structure and eco-friendly high-density polyethylene (HDPE) material was conducted, and sensitivity evaluation and optimization analysis for lightweight design were performed. The initial structural design safety assessment was carried out by creating a finite element analysis model and applying the loading conditions specified in the ship classification regulation to check whether the specified allowable stresses are satisfied. For the sensitivity evaluation, the influence of stress and weight of each hull structural member was evaluated using the orthogonal array design of experiments method, and an approximate model based on the response surface method was generated using the results of the design of experiments. The optimization analysis set the thickness of the hull structural members as the design variable and considered the optimal design formulation to minimize the weight while satisfying the allowable stress. The algorithm of the optimization analysis applied the Gradient-population Based Optimizer (GBO) to improve the accuracy of the optimal solution convergence while reducing the numerical cost. Through this study, the optimal design of a newly developed eco-friendly trimaran pontoon leisure boat with a weight reduction of 10% was presented.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1985

형상은 3차원이지만 2차원 문제로 이상화하여 해석할 수 있는 탄성구조물의 최적설계를 내연기관 연결봉(Connecting Rod)을 예제로 사용하여 진행하였다. 연결봉은 각 부위에서의 두께는 다르나 평면응력상태에 있다고 가정하였다. 연결봉의 질량을 최소화하기 위해 두께의 분포 및 2차원 모델 경계의 모양을 설계변수로 채택하였고 설계변수 및 응력치에 대한 제한조건을 적용하였다. 설계감도계수 계산을 위해 Variational Formulation, Material Derivative, Adjoint Variable이론을 도입하였고 최적화 방법으로는 Gradient Projection Method를 사용하였다. 최적설계 결과 현재 사용중인 연결봉 무게의 20%를 줄일 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.197-205
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• 1992

혼성방파제단면의 최적설계를 위해, ALM-BFGS 조합알고리즘을 이용한 컴퓨터 프로그램 PROCOBRA가 개발되었다. 혼성방파제의 단면최적화를 위한 정식화의 모형이 제시되었으며 단면의 부분별 가중치가 목적함수에 도입되었다 수치예를 통하여 프로그램의 유용성이 입증되었다. 연구결과 ALM-BFGS 알고리즘이 해안구조물의 최적설계에 효율적으로 적용될 수 있으며, 경제적인 혼성방파제 설계가 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1989

철근 콘크리트 뼈대구조는 설계변수가 많고, 목적함수의 제약조건이 복잡하여 주로 반복적인 재해석에 의하여 최적해에 접근하는 방법이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다단계분할(multilevel decomposition)에 의하여 최적화 문제를 형성하여 재해석과정을 줄이고 효과적으로 설계변수를 취할 수 있도록 하였다. 최적화의 단계는 첫째 단계에서 비선형거동에 의한 재분배모멘트의 설계공간을 계산하여 설계모멘트에 대한 제약조건식을 형성하고, 둘째 단계에서는 재분배 모멘트를 최적화하였으며, 셋째 단계에서는 설계단면을 최적화하였다. 이때 재분배 모멘트의 최적화에 따른 첫째 단계의 모멘트의 설계공간의 변화는 부재력 변화량 추정(force approximation technique)에 의하여 수정하도록 하며, 변수를 단계별로 줄여 수렴을 가속화시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 최적화 문제의 목적함수로는 경비함수를 취하였으며 영국 CP110의 한계상태설계법을 이용하여 부재의 응력제약조건식을 유도하고, 설계예를 통하여 본 연구의 타당성과 효율성을 구명하였다.