• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2011

The diagnosis studies of the process of chemical vapor deposition were carried out by using in-situ particle monitor (ISPM) and self-plasma optical emission spectroscopy (SPOES). We used the two kinds of equipments such as the silicon plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system with silane gas and the borophosphosilicate glass depositon system for monitoring. Using two sensors, we tried to verify the diagnostic and in-situ sensing ability of by-product gases and contaminant particles at the deposition and cleaning steps. The processes were controlled as a function of precess temperature, operating pressure, plasma power, etc. and two sensors were installed at the exhaust line and contiguous with each other. the correlation of data (by-product species and particles) measured by sensors were also investigated.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to improve the optical sensitivity of laser fluorescence for detection of incipient enamel caries. An incipient carious lesion was formed in various stages by placing an enamel specimen of a bovine tooth in STPP demineralization solution. After measuring the optical density of the lesion surface by laser fluorescence induced by argon laser and various alter of yellow(500-520nm), amber(520-540nm), orange(540-560nm), and red(560-580nm), the specimen was cut vertically to measure the depth of the lesion using a polarizing microscope. SAS statistical program was used to analyze the relationship between the optical density of the lesion suface and the depth of the lesion. The results were as follows: 1. The optical density of early carious lesion, measured by laser fluorescence with amber and orange filter, and lesion depth observed by polarizing microscope, were increased as demineralization time increased. 2. The correlation coefficient between optical density of the lesion surface and the histological depth of the lesion was the highest in orange filter(r=0.49), followed by amber(r=0.32), yellow(r=0.13) and red(0.01). 3. Regression analysis showed that the most linear relationship between the optical density and the lesion depth was existed in orange filter group. In regard above results, laser fluorescence could be considered to be reliable for optical diagnosis of dental caries.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.423-427
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• 2000

Intense research on biosensors has been performed in a number of different institution over the past 15 years, but relatively few commercial products have resultingly, the blood glucose sensor is a good example of a product which penetrated the market. However recently, the development of electrochemical and optical technologies has accelerated the turnover of the research as is illustrated by a rapid increase in the number of point-of-care diagnostic systems and analytical devices. Examples of such biosensors used in the fields of medical diagnostics, bioprocess control, and environmental monitoring are described, and summarized in an introduction to their characteristics, structures, and functions, given.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.169-179
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develop the system which convert the optical difference of teeth texture between intact enamel and incipient caries lesion into shade difference by laser fluorescence and to develop new and simple caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The experimental design of this study consists of three parts. In first part, a new method for the in vitro assessment of changes in initial enamel caries lesion of Bovine teeth using laser fluorescence is tested. In second part, in vivo assessment undertaken. Number of teeth which showed incipient carious lesion on buccal surface examined by laser fluorescence was compared with the caries activity test of $Cariescreen^{(R)}$ test and other oral environmental test of dDfFtT. In third part, new caries activity test measured by laser fluorescence was developed on the basis of above results and evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic power. Optical density measured by laser fluorescence was increased as increasing the depth of incipient carious lesion and showed high correlation$(\gamma=0.7015)$ with lesion depth. Optical density showed direct proportion to lesion depth. Linear equation was obtained between the optical density and the lesion depth by regression analysis. The result of caries activity test with laser fluorescence showed high correlation with those of $Cariescreen^{(R)}$ test and dDfFtT examination. Caries activity test with laser fluorescence showed 48% of sensitivity, 52% of specificity, and 45% of diagnostic power on the basis of dDfFtT examination, and also showed 48% of sensitivity, 51% of specificity, and 36% of diagnostic power on the basis of $Cariescreen^{(R)}$ test. In regard above result, caries activity test with laser fluorescence considered to be reliable for caries activity test compared with other oral environmental test. and it was also considered to be practical because it would be simple, inexpensive, and time saving method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2011

Plasma in liquid phase has attracted great attention in the last few years by the wide domain of applications in material processing, decomposition of organic and inorganic chemical compounds and sterilization of water. The plasma in liquid is characterized by three main regions which interact each - other during the plasma operation: the liquid phase, which supply the plasma gas phase with various chemical compounds and ions, the plasma in the gas phase at atmospheric pressure and the interface between these two regions. The most complex region, but extremely interesting from the fundamental, chemical and physical processes which occur here, is the boundary between the liquid phase and the plasma gas phase. In our laboratory, plasma in liquid which behaves as a glow discharge type, is generated by using a bipolar pulsed power supply, with variable pulse width, in the range of 0.5~10 ${\mu}s$ and 10 to 30 kHz repetition rate. Plasma in water and other different solutions was characterized by electrical and optical measurements. Strong emissions of OH and H radicals dominate the optical spectra. Generally water with 500 ${\mu}S/cm$ conductivity has a breakdown voltage around 2 kV, depending on the pulse width and the repetition rate of the power supply. The characteristics of the plasma initiated in ultrapure water between pairs of different materials used for electrodes (W and Ta) were investigated by the time-resolved optical emission and the broad-band absorption spectroscopy. The deexcitation processes of the reactive species formed in the water plasma depend on the electrode material, but have been independent on the polarity of the applied voltage pulses. Recently, Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy method was employed to investigate the chemistry in the liquid phase and at the interface between the gas and the liquid phases of the solution plasma system. The use of the solution plasma allows rapid fabrication of the metal nanoparticles without being necessary the addition of different reducing agents, because plasma in the liquid phase provides a reaction field with a highly excited energy radicals. We successfully synthesized gold nanoparticles using a glow discharge in aqueous solution. Nanoparticles with an average size of less than 10 nm were obtained using chlorauric acid solutions as the metal source. Carbon/Pt hybrid nanostructures have been obtained by treating carbon balls, synthesized in a CVD chamber, with hexachloro- platinum acid in a solution plasma system. The solution plasma was successfully used to remove the template remained after the mesoporous silica synthesis. Surface functionalization of the carbon structures and the silica surface with different chemical groups and nanoparticles, was also performed by processing these materials in the liquid plasma.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.466-471
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• 2011

Optical coherence tomography(OCT) is an emerging medical diagnostic tool that draws great attention in medical and biological fields. It has a 10-100 times higher spatial resolution than that of the clinical ultrasound but lower imaging depth such as 1-2 mm. In order to image internal organs, OCT needs an endoscopic probe. In this paper, the principle of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with high-speed imaging capability was introduced. An OCT endoscope based on MEMS technology was developed. It was attached to the Fourier-domain OCT system to acquire three-dimensional tomographic images of gastrointestinal tract of New Zealand white rabbit. The endoscope had a two-axis scanning mirror that was driven by electrostatic force. The mirror stirred an incident light to sweep two-dimensional plane by scanning. The outer diameter of the endoscope was 6 mm and the mirror diameter was 1.2 mm. A three-dimensional image rendered by 200 two-dimensional tomographs with $200{\times}500$ pixels was displayed within 3.5 seconds. The spatial resolution of the OCT system was 8 ${\mu}m$ in air.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.330-338
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• 2017

Purpose: The smartphone is actively being used in many research fields, primarily in medical and diagnostic applications. However, there are cases in which smartphone-based systems have been developed for agriculture, environment, and food applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research cases using smartphone cameras in agriculture, environment, and food. Methods: This review introduces seventeen research cases which used smartphone cameras in agriculture, food, water, and soil applications. These were classified as systems involving "smartphone-camera-alone" and "smartphone camera with optical accessories". Results: Detecting food-borne pathogens, analyzing the quality of foods, monitoring water quality and safety, gathering information regarding plant growth or damage, identifying weeds, and measuring soil loss after rain were presented for the smartphone-camera-alone system. Measuring food and water quality and safety, phenotyping seeds, and soil classifications were presented for the smartphone camera with optical accessories. Conclusions: Smartphone cameras were applied in various areas for several purposes. The use of smartphone cameras has advantages regarding high-resolution imaging, manual or auto exposure and focus control, ease of use, portability, image storage, and most importantly, programmability. The studies discussed were achieved by sensitivity improvements of CCDs (charge-coupled devices) and CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) on smartphone cameras and improved computing power of the smartphone, respectively. A smartphone camera-based system can be used with ease, low cost, in near-real-time, and on-site. This review article presents the applications and potential of the smartphone and the smartphone camera used for various purposes in agriculture, environment, and food.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2016

The plasma has been used in various industrial fields of semiconductors, displays, transparent electrode and so on. Plasma diagnostics is critical to the uniform process and the product. We use the electron temperature of the various plasma parameters for the diagnosis of plasma. Generally, the range of the electron temperature which is used in a semiconductor process used the range of 1 eV to 10 eV. The difference of electron temperature of 0.5 eV has a influence in plasma process. The electron temperature can be measured by the electrical method and the optical method. Measurement of electron temperature for various gas flow rates was performed in DC-magnetron sputter and Inductively Coupled Plasma. The physical properties of the thin film were also determined by changing electron temperatures. The transmittance was measured using the integrating sphere, and wavelength range was measured at 300 ~ 1100 nm. We obtain the thin film of the mobility, resistivity and carrier concentration using the hall measurement system. As to the electron temperature increase, optical and electrical properties decrease. We determine it was influenced by the oxygen flow ratio and plasma.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.285-288
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• 2011

In this study, we developed an optical coherence tomography(OCT) using a sweep-source laser whose center wavelength is 1310 nm and a probe of hand-held type. The developed hand-held probe targets to diagnose the middle ear, so it is miniaturized for ease and convenience of control. For the first time, we performed in-vivo clinical experiments on tympanic membrane(TM) perforation patients not reported from previous studies about OCT. The high-resolution sectional images of tympanic membrane perforation can be obtained. There aren't many studies about diagnostic instrument of the middle ear and diagnosis with sectional image of the middle ear, so the developed OCT system and hand-held probe are applicable to tympanic membrane perforation and other pathologic diagnosis in the middle ear.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 1998

The human pulse wave is a vital biosignal that includes the diagnostic data related with the heart and the cardiovascular system of human body. Based on the mechanical transducing method, a pulse detection transducer using optical fiber was developed to acquire the pulses non-invasively. To improve the detection efficiency, we proposed a new design that consists of two combinational parts; detecting part, which is in contact with the pulsating skin and transmits the displacement motion of the pulsating skin to the sensing part, and sensing part, which converts the physical quantity transmitted from the detecting part to electronic signal. By using the new method, we confirmed that the proposed transducer can detect the C point(incisura) and the T wave(tidal wave) which is not easily detected by existing transducers.