• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the present status of institutionalized persons and personnel of nursing homes for elders. Method: A survey questionnaire was distributed to 520 nursing homes nationwide, of which 308 nursing homes responded by completing the questionnaire. The data were collected from November 1 to November 14, 2008. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Most home care facilities were situated in small or medium sized cities (46.8%, 56.6% respectively). About half of the nursing homes had 50-99 institutionalized persons (43.4~42.5%). Most of the nursing homes were operated by social welfare ownership. Average number of institutionalized persons was 41.7 and operation ratio of facilities was 93.9%. For severity of problems, 30% of institutionalized persons were assessed as third grade indicating mid-point severity. The average number of personnel was 18.6. The number of full-time positions was greater than that of part-time positions. The average income for the director was 2,600,000 Korean won, for nurses, 2,000,000, for social workers, 1,940,000, for physical therapists, 1,820,000, and for care workers, 1,560,000. Conclusion: Strategies need to be developed to maximize the value of the existing workforce without impacting on the quality of care delivered.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.14-31
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to find influential factors on relations between customer quality and service quality of hotel foods & beverages, to find out factors influencing on customers' intention to revisit, to understand suggestive points in the side of operation of hotel's foods & beverages, and to offer basal materials for establishing marketing for hotel operators. The study results were proved followings; in factors of customer quality, the higher factors of customers' manner·etiquette, the higher pleasantness, trust, kindness, among factors of service quality of hotel foods & beverages. The higher factor of customers' social status, the higher typicalness, pleasantness, trust, kindness, among factors of service quality of hotel foods & beverages. The higher customers' economic level, the higher pleasantness, trust, kindness. The higher customers' manner·etiquette, customers' social status, customers' economic level, at corners selling foods & beverages in hotels, the higher typicalness, pleasantness, trust, kindness, among factors of service quality of hotel foods & beverages, the higher customers' intention to revisit. Therefore, in order to improve services of corners selling foods & beverages in hotels, customer quality must improve, and marketing strategies proper for maintaining improved customer quality. As customers think much of hotel employees' service quality, kindness, and care, kind and skillful employees need be distributed in hotels. In order to elevate quality of employees working at corners selling foods & beverages in hotels, which is adequate for images of hotels, supervisors of companies or relevant departments must implement the reward system to encourage hotel employees to work at parts adequate for employees' individual ability as well as get feeling of accomplishment, in order for employees to keep liveliness and self-confidence.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2011

Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhancement to existing radio access networks and is already standardized in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) as a part of long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced Release 10. Two inband operation modes of relay nodes are supported, namely type 1 and type lb. Relay nodes promise to offer considerable gain for system capacity or coverage, depending on the deployment prioritization, in a cost-efficient way. Yet, in order to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter-cell interference which is increased due to the presence of relay nodes should be limited. Moreover, large differences in the received power levels from different users should be avoided. The goal is to keep the receiver dynamic range low in order to retain the orthogonality of the single carrier-frequency division multiple access system. In this paper, an evaluation of the relay based heterogeneous deployment within the LTE-Advanced uplink framework is carried out by applying the standardized LTE Release 8 power control scheme both at evolved node B and relay nodes. In order to enhance the overall system performance, different power control optimization strategies are proposed for 3GPP urban and suburban scenarios. A comparison between type 1 and type 1b relay nodes is as well presented to study the effect of the relaying overhead on the system performance in inband relay deployments. Comprehensive system level simulations show that the power control is a crucial means to increase the cell edge and system capacities, to mitigate inter-cell interference and to adjust the receiver dynamic range for both relay node types.

• 복식
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the operating characteristics of fashion start-up companies and the characteristics of their founders. For this purpose, this study surveyed fashion start-up companies via online survey in May 2015, and analyzed the data from one hundred companies. The results are as follows. First, for the characteristics of the founders, female founders constituted 65.0% and male founders 35.0%. At the time of establishment, founders aged 26-35 constituted 77.0%. Founders with less than five years of work experience made up about 80%. 82.1% of the founders participated in domestic and foreign exhibitions/fairs. 41.0% of the founders were awarded fashion contest and competition awards, and 33.3% of the founders were supported by rising designer support projects. Second, for the operating characteristics of the start-up companies, clothing at 78.0% was the most popular entrepreneurial item, and the majority targeted the age 20-30 group. 78.0% of the companies had less than 40 production styles per season, and all the enterprises had less than 5 employees. 59.0% of the companies had export experience. Exports to China, Hong Kong, and Japan accounted for 67.4% of all exports. Major distribution channels were mainly select shops(offline select shops 79.8%, online select shops 62.8%). The main methods of promotion were fashion media articles/interviews, product sponsorship, and SNS. The most preferred distribution channel was becoming a part of online/offline select shops(92.6%). Viral marketing(84.4%), star marketing and costume sponsorship(66.7%) were the most preferred method of promotion. The most preferred way to enter foreign markets was to participate in domestic and foreign exhibitions/fairs/trade shows. This study provides basic data necessary for future founders preparing to launch fashion start-up companies. It also aids fashion start-up companies in developing more advanced business operation strategies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.445-466
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• 2007

As the LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) tank contains cryogenic liquid, realistic thermal analyses are of a primary importance for a successful design. The structural details of the LNG tank are so complicated that some strategies are necessary to reasonably predict its temperature distribution. The proposed heat transfer model can consider the beneficial effects of insulation layers and a suspended deck on temperature distribution of the outer concrete tank against cryogenic conditions simply by the boundary conditions of the outer tank model. To this aim, the equilibrium condition or heat balance in a steady state is utilized in a various way, and some aspects of heat transfer via conduction, convection and radiation are implemented as necessary. Overall thermal analysis procedures for the LNG tank are revisited to examine some unjustifiable assumptions of conventional analyses. Concrete and insulation properties under cryogenic condition and a reasonable conversion procedure of the temperature-induced nonlinear stress into the section forces are discussed. Numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed schemes in predicting the actual temperature and stress distributions of the tank as affected by the cryogenic LNG for the cases of normal operation and leakage from the inner steel tank. It is expected that the proposed schemes enable a designer to readily detect the effects of insulation layers and a suspended deck and, therefore, can be employed as a useful and consistent tool to evaluate the thermal effect in a design stage of an LNG tank as well as in a detailed analysis.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2013

스쿨버스 경로문제는 학생들을 다수의 승차지점으로부터 학생들의 해당 학교까지 안전하고 효율적으로 수송할 수 있는 방법을 찾는 문제이다. 일반적인 스쿨버스 경로문제의 제약 조건으로는 차량의 용량, 학생의 최대 수송 시간, 학교의 도착 시간 제약 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 혼승을 허용한 스쿨버스 경로 문제를 확장한 모델을 구축하고, 국내의 대학교 스쿨버스 운영 형태를 고려하여 학생들이 승차지점에 유동적으로 유입이 되는 상황을 고려한다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 모델에 대한 실험을 하기 위하여, 첫 단계로 Sweep Algorithm을 이용하여 초기 경로를 구성한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 전역탐색 능력이 있는 메타 휴리스틱 방법인 Genetic Algorithm을 이용하여 최선해을 도출 한다. 또한, 기존의 스쿨버스 경로문제에 적용되었던 현실 가능성 있는 제약들을 완화하여 다양한 시나리오를 구성하고 시나리오별 비교우위 평가를 한다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.165-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to improve the writing ability of students by an ideal test model of English writing based on strategies of procedural learning stages enhancing the level of students' writing ability. Assessment of writing in the field of English education has been limited so far to very restricted areas with no appropriate scientific scrutiny. Assessment is really meaningful only when it exactly estimates the ability of students. Since English writing competence has become indispensable in this era of global village, writing instruction should be most emphasized. The most forceful method of busting writing instruction is to utilize the so-called washback effect of testing. So, to develop a good test model of writing, the first thing that is required is to inspect writing strategy in steps and, then, testing itself. First of all, analyzed with a special reference to the 6th high school English curriculum were the goals and contents of the syllabus reflected in one kind of junior high textbook and eight different kinds of senior high textbooks. Then questionnaires on the whole area of writing and tendencies of English writing classes were given to 100 English teachers, 300 students. The results of questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Then, some suggestions and opinions about the questioning method were made: the procedural strategy in steps, English writing instruction and test model of assessment were applied to the syllabus referring to teaching plans. On the bases of the results of the questionnaires, three pretests and a final test of English writing were administered to verify the effect of enhanced English writing competence which had been gradually promoted and, through the promotion, produced the test criteria of English writing. In conclusion, guidance and evaluation of English writing through in steps are really indispensable to increase student's practical ability and, accordingly, we are in need of the development of a testing method of useful writing practiced in school class above anything else. So, it is necessary to further the study on methods to assess writing ability on the bases of participation and fluency of students with their keen interest in English. Also, to intensify the effect of the test model, more accommodating reorganization of syllabus is required in our education. For instance, we need a flexible operation in organizing time units from the current 50 minutes to 100-130 minutes.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.92-107
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of school nutrition education and changes in perception of nutrition teacher's job in order to determine the need for redesign to achieve their ideal job. The questionnaire was distributed to 1,550 nutrition teachers, and a total of 1,487 usable data were collected with a 96% response rate from August to December 2015. Statistical data analysis was completed by using SPSS/Win 21.0 for descriptive analysis. The results were as follows: 45.5% of nutrition teachers periodically implemented nutrition education classes, and 32.7% of responses used creative activity times for nutrition and dietary life education. Various topics were taught such as strategies to improve dietary habits, choice of healthy foods and nutrition labeling, nutrition information, food safety, and environmental problems, etc. Current performance ratios of nutrition teacher's duties and tasks were as follows: nutrition operation 31.3%, foodservice hygiene and safety 28.0%, nutrition management 22.7%, nutrition and dietary life education and counselling 11.6%, and professional development 6.4%. Opinions about ideal job performance of nutrition teachers were investigated to determine needs for job redesign. Two in nutrition management duty tasks and four foodservice management duties duty tasks were reduced. On the other hand, another two nutrition management duty tasks and three nutrition and dietary life education and counselling tasks were increased compared to current job performance.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.527-535
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• 2017

운동을 통한 건강증진에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 공공체육시설에 대한 수요는 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 그러나 공공체육시설의 공급 계획에 비해 운영과 관리에 대한 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 본 연구는 국민체육진흥기금지원 체육시설 사업인 국민체육센터와 개방형체육관에 대한 빅데이터 분석을 통해 시설 활성화 방안을 모색하였다. 2015년 1년 간 뉴스, 블로그, 까페 등 인터넷 문서를 분석한 결과 국민체육센터와 개방형 체육관은 유사한 이용행태를 보이면서도 다른 수요를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 두 시설 모두 주민의 체육장소로 이용되고 있으나 국민체육시설이 좀 더 전문적인 프로그램을 보이는 반면 개방형 체육관은 생활체육공간으로 이용되는 차이를 보였다. 한편 두 시설 모두 운동 이외 산책, 소풍 등 휴식을 목적으로 방문하는 비율이 높아 시설 활성화를 위해서는 편의시설 확충과 다양한 기능의 복합이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

본 연구는 인공지능 활용 교육에 대한 초등교사의 인식을 종합적으로 분석하는 목적을 지닌다. 최근 학교 교육 현장에서 인공지능 기술의 활용에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 하지만 초등학교 교사들이 이를 어떻게 인식하는지를 확인하는 연구는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 초등교사 69명을 대상으로 기술통계, 중다회귀분석, 의미변별척도를 활용하여 초등교사들이 교육에서 인공지능 활용에 대해 어떻게 인식하는지를 총체적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 초등교사들은 인공지능 기술이 수업 시간 내 활동을 보조하는데 가장 적합하다고 응답하였으며 교수학습 방법 측면에서는 문제중심학습이 가장 적절하다고 인식하고 있었다. 인공지능의 교육적 활용에 대해 영향을 미치는 요소는 학습 내용, 학습 자료, 인공지능 기기로 나타났다. 인공지능 활용 교육은 개별학습, 참여 촉진, 흥미 유발 등의 특성을 지닌다고 인식하였다. 향후 최적화된 교육 운영을 가능하게 하는 수업 전략이나 모형 개발 등이 이루어질 필요가 있다.