• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the present status of institutionalized persons and personnel of nursing homes for elders. Method: A survey questionnaire was distributed to 520 nursing homes nationwide, of which 308 nursing homes responded by completing the questionnaire. The data were collected from November 1 to November 14, 2008. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Most home care facilities were situated in small or medium sized cities (46.8%, 56.6% respectively). About half of the nursing homes had 50-99 institutionalized persons (43.4~42.5%). Most of the nursing homes were operated by social welfare ownership. Average number of institutionalized persons was 41.7 and operation ratio of facilities was 93.9%. For severity of problems, 30% of institutionalized persons were assessed as third grade indicating mid-point severity. The average number of personnel was 18.6. The number of full-time positions was greater than that of part-time positions. The average income for the director was 2,600,000 Korean won, for nurses, 2,000,000, for social workers, 1,940,000, for physical therapists, 1,820,000, and for care workers, 1,560,000. Conclusion: Strategies need to be developed to maximize the value of the existing workforce without impacting on the quality of care delivered.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-31
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to find influential factors on relations between customer quality and service quality of hotel foods & beverages, to find out factors influencing on customers' intention to revisit, to understand suggestive points in the side of operation of hotel's foods & beverages, and to offer basal materials for establishing marketing for hotel operators. The study results were proved followings; in factors of customer quality, the higher factors of customers' manner·etiquette, the higher pleasantness, trust, kindness, among factors of service quality of hotel foods & beverages. The higher factor of customers' social status, the higher typicalness, pleasantness, trust, kindness, among factors of service quality of hotel foods & beverages. The higher customers' economic level, the higher pleasantness, trust, kindness. The higher customers' manner·etiquette, customers' social status, customers' economic level, at corners selling foods & beverages in hotels, the higher typicalness, pleasantness, trust, kindness, among factors of service quality of hotel foods & beverages, the higher customers' intention to revisit. Therefore, in order to improve services of corners selling foods & beverages in hotels, customer quality must improve, and marketing strategies proper for maintaining improved customer quality. As customers think much of hotel employees' service quality, kindness, and care, kind and skillful employees need be distributed in hotels. In order to elevate quality of employees working at corners selling foods & beverages in hotels, which is adequate for images of hotels, supervisors of companies or relevant departments must implement the reward system to encourage hotel employees to work at parts adequate for employees' individual ability as well as get feeling of accomplishment, in order for employees to keep liveliness and self-confidence.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.345-359
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• 2011

Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhancement to existing radio access networks and is already standardized in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) as a part of long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced Release 10. Two inband operation modes of relay nodes are supported, namely type 1 and type lb. Relay nodes promise to offer considerable gain for system capacity or coverage, depending on the deployment prioritization, in a cost-efficient way. Yet, in order to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter-cell interference which is increased due to the presence of relay nodes should be limited. Moreover, large differences in the received power levels from different users should be avoided. The goal is to keep the receiver dynamic range low in order to retain the orthogonality of the single carrier-frequency division multiple access system. In this paper, an evaluation of the relay based heterogeneous deployment within the LTE-Advanced uplink framework is carried out by applying the standardized LTE Release 8 power control scheme both at evolved node B and relay nodes. In order to enhance the overall system performance, different power control optimization strategies are proposed for 3GPP urban and suburban scenarios. A comparison between type 1 and type 1b relay nodes is as well presented to study the effect of the relaying overhead on the system performance in inband relay deployments. Comprehensive system level simulations show that the power control is a crucial means to increase the cell edge and system capacities, to mitigate inter-cell interference and to adjust the receiver dynamic range for both relay node types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the operating characteristics of fashion start-up companies and the characteristics of their founders. For this purpose, this study surveyed fashion start-up companies via online survey in May 2015, and analyzed the data from one hundred companies. The results are as follows. First, for the characteristics of the founders, female founders constituted 65.0% and male founders 35.0%. At the time of establishment, founders aged 26-35 constituted 77.0%. Founders with less than five years of work experience made up about 80%. 82.1% of the founders participated in domestic and foreign exhibitions/fairs. 41.0% of the founders were awarded fashion contest and competition awards, and 33.3% of the founders were supported by rising designer support projects. Second, for the operating characteristics of the start-up companies, clothing at 78.0% was the most popular entrepreneurial item, and the majority targeted the age 20-30 group. 78.0% of the companies had less than 40 production styles per season, and all the enterprises had less than 5 employees. 59.0% of the companies had export experience. Exports to China, Hong Kong, and Japan accounted for 67.4% of all exports. Major distribution channels were mainly select shops(offline select shops 79.8%, online select shops 62.8%). The main methods of promotion were fashion media articles/interviews, product sponsorship, and SNS. The most preferred distribution channel was becoming a part of online/offline select shops(92.6%). Viral marketing(84.4%), star marketing and costume sponsorship(66.7%) were the most preferred method of promotion. The most preferred way to enter foreign markets was to participate in domestic and foreign exhibitions/fairs/trade shows. This study provides basic data necessary for future founders preparing to launch fashion start-up companies. It also aids fashion start-up companies in developing more advanced business operation strategies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.445-466
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• 2007

As the LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) tank contains cryogenic liquid, realistic thermal analyses are of a primary importance for a successful design. The structural details of the LNG tank are so complicated that some strategies are necessary to reasonably predict its temperature distribution. The proposed heat transfer model can consider the beneficial effects of insulation layers and a suspended deck on temperature distribution of the outer concrete tank against cryogenic conditions simply by the boundary conditions of the outer tank model. To this aim, the equilibrium condition or heat balance in a steady state is utilized in a various way, and some aspects of heat transfer via conduction, convection and radiation are implemented as necessary. Overall thermal analysis procedures for the LNG tank are revisited to examine some unjustifiable assumptions of conventional analyses. Concrete and insulation properties under cryogenic condition and a reasonable conversion procedure of the temperature-induced nonlinear stress into the section forces are discussed. Numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed schemes in predicting the actual temperature and stress distributions of the tank as affected by the cryogenic LNG for the cases of normal operation and leakage from the inner steel tank. It is expected that the proposed schemes enable a designer to readily detect the effects of insulation layers and a suspended deck and, therefore, can be employed as a useful and consistent tool to evaluate the thermal effect in a design stage of an LNG tank as well as in a detailed analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2013

The School Bus Routing Problem(SBRP) seeks to plan an efficient schedule of a fleet of school buses that must pick up student from various bus stops and deliver them by satisfying various constraints; maximum capacity of the bus, maximum riding time of students, arrival time between a school's time window. By extending the existing SBRP, we consider a case study of SBRP with allowance of mixed-loading and dynamic arrivals reflecting the school bus operation of university in Korea. Our solution procedure is based on constructing the initial solution using sweep algorithm and then improving solution within the framework of the evolutionary approach known as efficient meta-heuristics. By comparing the various scenarios through the constraints relaxation for reflecting the real operational strategies, we assess the merit of our proposed procedure.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.165-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to improve the writing ability of students by an ideal test model of English writing based on strategies of procedural learning stages enhancing the level of students' writing ability. Assessment of writing in the field of English education has been limited so far to very restricted areas with no appropriate scientific scrutiny. Assessment is really meaningful only when it exactly estimates the ability of students. Since English writing competence has become indispensable in this era of global village, writing instruction should be most emphasized. The most forceful method of busting writing instruction is to utilize the so-called washback effect of testing. So, to develop a good test model of writing, the first thing that is required is to inspect writing strategy in steps and, then, testing itself. First of all, analyzed with a special reference to the 6th high school English curriculum were the goals and contents of the syllabus reflected in one kind of junior high textbook and eight different kinds of senior high textbooks. Then questionnaires on the whole area of writing and tendencies of English writing classes were given to 100 English teachers, 300 students. The results of questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Then, some suggestions and opinions about the questioning method were made: the procedural strategy in steps, English writing instruction and test model of assessment were applied to the syllabus referring to teaching plans. On the bases of the results of the questionnaires, three pretests and a final test of English writing were administered to verify the effect of enhanced English writing competence which had been gradually promoted and, through the promotion, produced the test criteria of English writing. In conclusion, guidance and evaluation of English writing through in steps are really indispensable to increase student's practical ability and, accordingly, we are in need of the development of a testing method of useful writing practiced in school class above anything else. So, it is necessary to further the study on methods to assess writing ability on the bases of participation and fluency of students with their keen interest in English. Also, to intensify the effect of the test model, more accommodating reorganization of syllabus is required in our education. For instance, we need a flexible operation in organizing time units from the current 50 minutes to 100-130 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.92-107
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of school nutrition education and changes in perception of nutrition teacher's job in order to determine the need for redesign to achieve their ideal job. The questionnaire was distributed to 1,550 nutrition teachers, and a total of 1,487 usable data were collected with a 96% response rate from August to December 2015. Statistical data analysis was completed by using SPSS/Win 21.0 for descriptive analysis. The results were as follows: 45.5% of nutrition teachers periodically implemented nutrition education classes, and 32.7% of responses used creative activity times for nutrition and dietary life education. Various topics were taught such as strategies to improve dietary habits, choice of healthy foods and nutrition labeling, nutrition information, food safety, and environmental problems, etc. Current performance ratios of nutrition teacher's duties and tasks were as follows: nutrition operation 31.3%, foodservice hygiene and safety 28.0%, nutrition management 22.7%, nutrition and dietary life education and counselling 11.6%, and professional development 6.4%. Opinions about ideal job performance of nutrition teachers were investigated to determine needs for job redesign. Two in nutrition management duty tasks and four foodservice management duties duty tasks were reduced. On the other hand, another two nutrition management duty tasks and three nutrition and dietary life education and counselling tasks were increased compared to current job performance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.527-535
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• 2017

As interest increases in health promotion through sports, demand for public sports facilities is steadily growing. However, there is a lack of research on operation and management compared with the supply plan of public sports facility. In this context, the aim of this study is to address problems of management of public sports centers and suggest strategies for vitalizing the facilities through the big-data. The data are collected from web such as news, blog, and cafe for one year in 2015. From the big-data, We can find that the national sports centers and the open gyms showed similar users' behavior but showed different needs. Both facilities have been used as sports and leisure area and have a high percentage of visitors for other purposes such as walking, picnics, etc. However, while the national sports facilities which were used for more specialized programs, the open sports center were used as leisure space.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze elementary school teachers' perceptions of the use of artificial intelligence in education. Recently, interest in the use of artificial intelligence has increased in the field of education. However, there is a lack of research on the perceptions of elementary school teachers using AI in education. Using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, and semantic differential meaning scale, 69 elementary school teachers' perceptions of using AI in education were analyzed. As a results, artificial intelligence technology was perceived as most suitable method for assisting activities in class and for problem-based learning. Factors which influence the use of AI in education were learning contents, learning materials, and AI tools. AI in education had the features of personalized learning, promoting students' participation, and provoking students' interest. Further, instructional strategies or models that enable optimized educational operation should be developed.