• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.97.1-97.1
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• 2011

Dimethyl ether (DME) is an attractive fuel as a hydrogen carrier for mobile PEMFC applications. However, its reforming technologies are rarely studied especially by using autothermal reforming (ATR) method. This work explored the impact of operating conditions to the performance of DME ATR. Temperature, Steam to carbon ratio(SCR), Oxygen to carbon ratio(OCR) and Gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) were considered as the operating conditions. As results, conversion efficiency was increased as the temperature increased, but saturated around $700^{\circ}C$. There was no significant effect of SCR on conversion efficiency, but high SCR led reactions in endothermic manner. High OCR substantially suppressed conversion efficiency, but it helped to sustain the temperature by stimulating exothermic reactions. Conversion efficiency was decreased as GHSV increased. The optimized operating conditions was suggested: $700^{\circ}C$, SCR of 1.5, OCR of 0.45 and GHSV below 15000/h and conversion efficiency was ~85% at the conditions.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.125.2-125.2
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• 2010

In this paper, both theoretical and experimental investigations have been performed to examine the effects of key operating parameters on the cell performance of a DMFCs (i.e., methanol feed concentration and operating temperature). For experiment, the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were prepared using a conventional MEA fabrication method based on a catalyst coated electrode (CCE) and tested under various cell temperatures and methanol feed concentrations. The polarization curve measurements were conducted using in-house-made $25cm^2$ MEAs. The voltage-current density data were collected under three different cell temperatures ($50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$) and four different methanol feed concentrations (1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M). The experimental data indicate that the measured I-V curves are significantly altered, depending on these conditions. On the other hand, previously developed one-dimensional, two-phase DMFC model is simulated under the same operating conditions used in the experiments. The model predictions compare well with the experimental data over a wide range of these operating conditions, which demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the present DMFC model. Furthermore, both simulation and experimental results exhibit the strong influences of methanol and water crossover rates through the membrane on DMFC performance and I-V curve characteristics.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

As use of construction equipment has been increasing continuingly, the proportion of equipment expense to the total construction cost has become higher. However, there is a difference between the equipment expenses section in 'Poom-Sam' and practical data, because 'Poom-sam' does not consider non-working days due to weather conditions, legal holidays and management conditions. Therefore, 'Poom-Sam' does not present a reasonable standard for estimating construction equipment expenses. In this study, to estimate realistic construction equipment operating hours, firstly, construction equipment was classified according to work, and weather conditions, in which each work could not be executed, were established. Then, weather data on Seoul and Busan($2004{\sim}2006$) and legal holidays were analyzed to suggest annual standard operating hours. The annual standard operating hours of earthmoving & excavating, compaction, and drilling equipment was estimated to be 1,430 hours, and lifting equipment, concrete paving equipment, asphalt paving equipment, concrete equipment, and crushing & conveying equipment were estimated to be 2,124 hours, 1,156hours, 1,188hours, 1,688hours, and 2,152hours respectively.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2019

다수의 소형 정찰용 무인항공기를 이용하여 탐색 및 정찰 임무를 수행하는데 있어서 무인항공기의 운용 대수, 비행고도 등 운용 조건에 따라 임무 수행의 효율성과 효과성은 크게 변경될 수 있다. 하지만 어떤 운용조건이 가장 합리적인지 판단하기는 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자율비행에 따라 충돌을 회피하면서 표적을 탐지 및 판별할 수 있는 무인항공기 비행 시뮬레이션을 개발하여 다수의 무인항공기 운용 시 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 운용조건을 도출할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2016

This paper deals with the assessment of voltage sags regarding the variation of system operating conditions. In general, voltage sag assessment is performed by assuming the constant operating condition throughout the year. However, the assumption can lead to assessment errors in case of considerable changes of system operation condition. This paper presents a method to estimate ESF(expected sag frequency) considering the operating conditions according to the changes of power demand throughout the year.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.1064-1072
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• 1999

The basic concepts, which are related to the PSS tuning conditions and performance conditions for the safe of determination of PSS gain and compensation of phasor lagging, are thoroughly investigated in this first part. The performance conditions, where the power system has the lowest inherent damping torque and PSS should provide maximum damping torque, are examined by analysing synchronizing torque and damping torque supplied by the voltage control loop at the oscillation frequency. PSS tuning conditions are also investigated by observing the phasor lagging and the gain, resulted from power system-generator-excitation system depending on operating conditions, such as generator active power, reactive power, transmission impedance and AVR gain. The basic concepts developed in this PartImake it possible to lay foundation for the discussion of PSS tuning in Part II.

• 정보화정책
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.38-55
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• 2016

본 연구는 윈도우 사용자가 구 버전의 운영체제를 상위 버전으로 업그레이드하는 동기에 대해 논의한다. 본 연구문제를 논의하기 위해 통합기술수용이론(UTAUT)과 합리적 행위이론(TRA)을 바탕으로 연구가설을 구성했다. 대학생을 대상으로 199부의 데이터를 수집해 분석에 이용했다. 분석결과는 두 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 성과기대와 노력기대는 운영체제 업그레이드 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 영향과 용이한 조건, 그리고 태도는 운영체제 업그레이드 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서 사용자의 성과기대, 노력기대, 사회적 영향, 그리고 용이한 조건 인식이 높을수록 상위 버전으로 업그레이드하고자 하는 의도는 더욱 긍정적으로 평가한다고 볼 수 있다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.496-506
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• 2014

In this paper the scenario based optimization of the bulbous bow of the KRISO Container Ship (KCS) is presented. The optimization of the parametrically modeled vessel is based on a statistically developed operational profile generated from noon-to-noon reports of a comparable 3600 TEU container vessel and specific development functions representing the growth of global economy during the vessels service time. In order to consider uncertainties, statistical fluctuations are added. An analysis of these data lead to a number of most probable upcoming operating conditions (OC) the vessel will stay in the future. According to their respective likeliness an objective function for the evaluation of the optimal design variant of the vessel is derived and implemented within the parametrical optimization workbench FRIENDSHIP Framework. In the following this evaluation is done with respect to vessel's calculated effective power based on the usage of potential flow code. The evaluation shows, that the usage of scenarios within the optimization process has a strong influence on the hull form.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.881-890
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• 2011

Analyses of performance and behavior of the individual PEM fuel cells (PEMFC) under different operating conditions are of importance optimally to design and efficiently to operate the stack. The paper focuses on experimental analyses of a two-cell stack under different operating conditions, which performance and behavior are measured by the voltage of a cell as well as the stack. Experimental parameters include stoichiometric ratio, temperature of the air supplied under different working stack temperatures and loads. Results showed that the cell voltages are dominantly influenced by the temperature of the air supplied among others. In addition, an inherent difference between the first and the second cell voltage exists because of the tolerances of the cell components and the resulting different over-potentials at different equilibrium states. Furthermore, it is shown that the proton conductivity in the membranes conditioned by the humidity in the cathode channel highly affects the voltage differences of the two cells.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the dehumidification characteristics for several operating conditions of a compact desiccant rotor. This problem is of particular interest in the design of a desiccant type of dehumidifier. Room temperature, room humidity, regeneration temperature, revolution speed and frontal air velocity of desiccant rotor are varied as operating conditions. The results obtained indicate that dehumidification rate is increased with an increase in the room humidity while dehumidification effectiveness is not changed much. It is also found that the optimal rotor speed and optimal regeneration temperature exist for maximum dehumidification rate and dehumidification effectiveness.