• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 1996

In this paper, we define a (${\tau}_i, {\tauj}$)-fuzzy $\beta-open$ set and a fuzzy pairwise fuzzy $-continuous mapping on fuzzy bitopological spaces ans study some of their properites.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.137-150
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the concept of fuzzy FC-compactness for fuzzy topological spaces.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2014

도시 오픈스페이스는 다기능적 공간으로서 시민들의 휴식 및 건강, 자연경관 감상은 물론 예술 문화적 체험과 도시관광 및 마케팅 수단으로서 기능한다. 그러나 현대 도시 오픈스페이스의 역할과 기능에 비해 이에 대한 담론과 연구는 미진하였다. 본 연구는 지역주민은 물론 관광객 등의 원거리 이용 수요가 있는 서울시의 4개 하천변 오픈스페이스 방문객들을 대상으로 방문동기 요인을 도출하고, 오픈스페이스의 공간 특성 및 이용행태에 따라 방문동기와 만족도가 어떤 차이를 나타내는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상지는 청계천, 서울숲, 선유도공원, 반포한강공원을 선정하였고, 조사방법으로는 관찰조사, 문헌조사, 설문조사를 수행하였다. 분석방법은 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 일원배치분산분석, 다중선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도시 오픈스페이스의 방문동기 요인은 크게 커뮤니티성, 자연성, 문화교육성, 디자인 심미성, 일상탈출성 등 5개로 구분되었다. 둘째, 방문동기 요인 중 커뮤니티성, 자연성, 디자인 심미성은 오픈스페이스별 경관, 집객시설 및 프로그램, 편의시설, 주변지역 특성 등의 공간 특성에 따라 방문객들의 지각 정도에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 방문객 거주지로부터 오픈스페이스까지의 거리에 따라 방문동기를 지각하는 데 있어 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 근거리의 방문객은 오픈스페이스의 자연성을, 도시관광객 등 원거리 방문객은 디자인 심미성을 주요 방문동기 요인으로 지각하고 있었다. 넷째, 도시 오픈스페이스 방문객들의 방문만족도를 높이기 위한 공통적인 방문동기 요인은 자연성, 디자인 심미성, 일상탈출성으로 나타났고, 오픈스페이스별 공간 특성에 따라 방문만족도에 영향을 미치는 방문동기 요인에는 차이가 있었다. 종합해 보면, 도시 오픈스페이스는 휴식 및 운동 등의 단순한 체험을 넘어 다양한 형태의 콘텐츠와 결합한 하이브리드 공간으로서 심미적 욕구, 유대감 형성 및 강화, 문화 및 교육, 엔터테인먼트 등의 요인들이 방문동기로서 작용하며, 이들 요인이 전체 방문만족도에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 서울시를 대표하는 도시 하천변 오픈스페이스가 방문객들에게 어떻게 인식되고 있는가를 조사 및 분석함으로써 지자체 입장에서는 매력적인 도시 오픈스페이스 창출을 위한 조성 정비는 물론 운영 관리 과정에 활용할 수 있으며, 오픈스페이스 계획 및 설계가 입장에서는 지역 여건에 부합하는 도시관광 및 마케팅적인 기능을 시설배치 및 공간프로그램 구상 과정에 적용하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2011

공개공지는 쾌적한 도시환경의 조성을 위해 조성하는 공간으로, 건축주가 관리하는 사유공간이지만 보행환경의 일부 또는 보행환경에 연결되는 오픈스페이스로서 보행의 편리, 휴식, 경관 등 시민생활의 쾌적성을 제공하는 목적으로 설치되고, 항상 시민에게 개방되어야 하는 공공공간이다. 본 연구는 대구광역시의 대형건축물 71개소의 공개공지를 대상으로 현행 법적규정과 조성 및 관리 등의 실태조사를 실시하여, 이에 대한 분석과 개선방안을 제시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 대구시의 구별 공개공지는 부도심권인 북구와 달서구가 많이 분포하였으며, 건축물 용도유형별로는 판매시설(36.6%), 업무시설(21.1%), 주상복합(15.5%) 등의 순으로 많았다. 공개공지의 위치는 1개소 전면형(42.9%)이 가장 많았으며, 1개소 측면형(20%) 및 2개소 전면/측면형(20%)의 빈도가 높았다. 공개공지의 분할 여부는 1개 집중형이 45.7%, 2곳 분할형 35.7% 등으로 높았으나, 현행규정에는 맞지 않는 3곳 분리형(10%) 및 4곳 분리형(8.5%) 등이 나타났다. 특히 타 용도로 전용되고 있는 경우도 28.6%로 높게 나타나 문제점으로 부각되었으며, 건축법시행령에 명시된 표지판이 설치된 곳은 5.7%에 지나지 않았다. 전문가 패널 현장평가 결과, 우수 그룹으로는 대구문화방송, 삼성금융플라자, 이마트반야월점, 홈플러스칠성점 등이 접근성과 공공성 및 기능성 등에서 우수한 것으로 나타났고, 불량한 그룹은 영업장소로 혹은 주차장으로 불법 전용되고 있는 더락, 서문시장 롯데마트, 유통단지 전기재료관, 네오시티프라자, 알리앙스예식장, GS프라자호텔 등이었다. 대구시 공개공지의 개선방안은, 1) 공개공지 관련 제도 개선, 2) 공개공지 조성모델 설정과 심의 강화, 3) 행 재정적 지원방안 구축, 4) 주기적 지도 점검 및 계도, 5) 시민 쉼터임을 알리는 표지판 설치, 6) 시민의 공개공지 관리 참여 등으로 제안되었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

This study is focusing on Territoriality which is supposed to be one of the most important elements to activate open spaces in apartment communities. Case analysis with onsite visit is selected as the research method of this study targeting 6 apartment complexes in Bukgu and Gwangsangu, Gwangju city which accommodate over 500 households up to 800 households, which show high occupancy ratio and which were built after 2006 to minimize the physical environment variable. The result of this study is concluded as follows. First, we need the elements which can induce various action and the use of floor surface in color, pattern, and material should be considered in the stance of pedestrian for easy recognition of Territoriality change. Second, To secure the view, we should consider to plant shrubs or to plant trees wider apart. In most cases, enclosure is secured by using trees of Vertical Boundary for safety and comfort, but overuse in some cases make residents feel fear of enclosed spaces and insecurity. Third, Various and harmonious design elements can be recommended to increase aesthetic impression, to induce positive response for design, and to be used consistently. Finally, Unique space using notable landmark or design elements should be considered.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1341-1356
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• 2018

The author devotes this paper to defining a new class of generalized soft open sets, namely soft somewhere dense sets and to investigating its main features. With the help of examples, we illustrate the relationships between soft somewhere dense sets and some celebrated generalizations of soft open sets, and point out that the soft somewhere dense subsets of a soft hyperconnected space coincide with the non-null soft ${\beta}$-open sets. Also, we give an equivalent condition for the soft csdense sets and verify that every soft set is soft somewhere dense or soft cs-dense. We show that a collection of all soft somewhere dense subsets of a strongly soft hyperconnected space forms a soft filter on the universe set, and this collection with a non-null soft set form a soft topology on the universe set as well. Moreover, we derive some important results such as the property of being a soft somewhere dense set is a soft topological property and the finite product of soft somewhere dense sets is soft somewhere dense. In the end, we point out that the number of soft somewhere dense subsets of infinite soft topological space is infinite, and we present some results which associate soft somewhere dense sets with some soft topological concepts such as soft compact spaces and soft subspaces.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose rational methods in order to maintain vegetation condition and soil environment based on the analysis of tree growth in relation to the soil environment, which is one of the most significant environmental factors on vegetation condition in urban parks and open spaces. The result of the study can be described as below;The soil on every study site had strong acidity. In particular, study sites around industrial district and central business district showed extreme soil acidity. Therefore, soil management system is needed in urban parks and green spaces around those areas. Among Cambium Electric Resistance classified by locations of urban parks and open spaces, one in the costal area was the lowest. The Cambium Electric Resistance in the industrial area was the highest. Therefore, soil condition and locational environment in the industrial area are highly related to the Cambium Electric Resistance. Among the factors, which affect Cambium Electric Resistance in different locations, inorganic content was found to be the main factor in all of the study sites. Inorganic content was an important factor to the Cambium Electric Resistance in study sites located in industrial and central business districts. In the study sites located in costal area, Soil acidity was found to be other important factors that affect Cambium Electric Resistance. To improve the soil acidity, soil buffering ability should be improved from activating microorganisms in the soil by using lime and organic material, Since it takes a long time to make a change in the soil structure, well planed maintenance system is required by mid-term or long-term plans.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

The paper begins with the idea of the society of the continued rooms that building connects architectural space (building interior) and urban open space (urban interior) or countryside/rural open space (territorial interior). It gives an account of, through literature review, a theoretical possibility of integrating not only architecture and urbanism but also architecture and countryside/rural planning. The first site explores the continuously articulated and connected spaces between building interior, urban interior, and territorial interior, in understanding Alberti's analogy, "A house is a little city." (1452) The second site illustrates architecture as an open boundary and a spatial medium which makes building, urban, and territorial interiors connect and makes them continuous. There is an opportunity of reading the continued relations and the continua of spaces. The third site deals with the form of building that architecture creates for building interior (society of rooms) and urban interior (society of urban rooms), and moderates the interiors. The last site clarifies the territorial interior (society of countryside/rural rooms) that constitutes homogeneous spatiality moderated by architecture between building interior and urban interior. The paper discusses the society of the continued interiors(building/urban/territorial interiors) that ought to be a fundamental truth in the field of every project which deals with a unit of space. It logically clarifies the society of the interiors, not isolated and blocked off but multilayered and continued. It comes to the conclusion that the territorial interior should be subsumed under the design field and the society of the continued rooms ought to be considered as a united object of space in the fields of interior architecture/design, architecture, landscape, urbanism and countryside/rural planning. Ultimately, it aims at offering a departing point of discourse and a theoretical foundation for the future studies on urban interior and territorial interior.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.104.1-104.1
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to grasp the characteristics of user''''s response to perceived safety and visual preferences for outdoor green spaces by the types of campus layouts. This research was investigated by color slide ratings and questionnaire survey to the students who are majoring in Landscape architecture in three universities locating at Taegu area. Two research sites have similarities in many ways but have differences in campus land form and design type such as ''''Closed'''' and ''''Open'''' types. Major results were summarised as follows ; 1. As a result of the slide test, the high degree of visual preference was shown in the campus that is ''''Closed'''' type. However the degree of perceived safety was lower than that of in Youngnam Univ. campus. 2. According to the result of the comparative analysis between user''''s perceived safety and visual preferences in each campus, the degree of perceived safety at ''''Closed'''' type was lower than that of ''''Open'''' type, but the degree of visual satisfactioni was higher at ''''Closed'''' type. 3. The factors affecting visual preference in campus were shown as density of wood, land form, and diverse type of the spaces. On the other hand, the factors affecting perceived safety were ''''enclosed space by wood'''' at the day time, and ''''the condition of lighting'''' at night. 4. Regarding gender differences in sensation of each space variables, female users showed higher satisfactio on the scenic beauty. 5. Regression analysis showed that general satisfation was determined by the variables such as ''''arrangement'''', familiarity'''', ''''cleanness'''', and ''''closed feeling'''', in Kyungbook Univ. And in Youngnam Univ. , the variables were ''''texture'''', ''''perceived beauty'''', ''''cleanness'''', and ''''complexity'''' respectively. 6. In conclusion, campus users wanted the outdoor spaces that have various land form and somewhat ''''open-closed'''' mixture type, which has a good ''''Edge Effect'''' to satisfy both aspects in safety and visual preferneces.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.104-116
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to grasp the characteristics of user's response to perceived safety and visual preferences for outdoor green spaces by the types of campus layouts. This research was investigated by color slide ratings and questionnaire survey to the students who are majoring in Landscape architecture in three universities locating at Taegu area. Two research sites have similarities in many ways but have differences in campus land form and design type such as 'Closed' and 'Open' types. Major results were summarised as follows ; 1. As a result of the slide test, the high degree of visual preference was shown in the campus that is 'Closed' type. However the degree of perceived safety was lower than that of in Youngnam Univ. campus. 2. According to the result of the comparative analysis between user's perceived safety and visual preferences in each campus, the degree of perceived safety at 'Closed' type was lower than that of 'Open' type, but the degree of visual satisfactioni was higher at 'Closed' type. 3. The factors affecting visual preference in campus were shown as density of wood, land form, and diverse type of the spaces. On the other hand, the factors affecting perceived safety were 'enclosed space by wood' at the day time, and 'the condition of lighting' at night. 4. Regarding gender differences in sensation of each space variables, female users showed higher satisfactio on the scenic beauty. 5. Regression analysis showed that general satisfation was determined by the variables such as 'arrangement', familiarity', 'cleanness', and 'closed feeling', in Kyungbook Univ. And in Youngnam Univ. , the variables were 'texture', 'perceived beauty', 'cleanness', and 'complexity' respectively. 6. In conclusion, campus users wanted the outdoor spaces that have various land form and somewhat 'open-closed' mixture type, which has a good 'Edge Effect' to satisfy both aspects in safety and visual preferneces.