• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제40호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

A purpose of this study is to comprehend a concept of 'Open Space', realization of a deconstruction, presented in his works, based on a deconstruction and surrealism Coop Himmelblau's philosophical contemplation and to look into how this concept is interpreted in spaces. A concept of 'Open Space' is functioned as not a singular meaning but a multiple meaning accompanied with other formative ingredient and contemplation, scientific paradigm and a realation with a surroundings. The concept of 'Open Space' in their architentural space is applied. First, the space openness that represents to the extreme a concept 'Open Space', as a 3D designing ways that demolishes a structure and outgrows an ex siting thinking pattern, represents multiple grade spaces and an anti-gravity space. In a material, using glass and iron provides a spacial transparency and through this, visibly liberal sense that an interior and exterior is felt as an unification. Second, an non-expressive box pattern repulses to a spatial rank nature, outgrowing an uniform geometrical system, through demolishing a geometrical system, an edge and fold pattern. This is, as an anti-gravity, dynamic a typical structure, outgrowing an orthogonal system, interpreted as a composite meaning without division in spatial area. Third, the collage is used to represent a complexity and pluralism in representing 'Open space'. The collage that forms a image through combining a fragmentary elements into being a space change, composite constitution and spatial amusement. Thus, It is worthwhile to study how the collage that forms a diverse shape will be developed making what impact as an age and surroundings changed. As we contemplate in former part, Coop Himmelblou has deployed 'deconstruction beyond deconstruction' realm as just their midterm concept in their works like the words 'The architecture must climb', the deconstructive architect. A studying for their works reflecting the 'Open Space' concept based on deconstruction must be lasted and this enables us to comprehend space concept containing an architecture and interior design.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze patterns of public school building layout types, open space and relationship with communities in the Manhattan grid plan. The study illustrates how building layout patterns of school facilities are influenced by societal demands in the urban grid environment. During the nineteenth century, the Island of Manhattan was transformed into a physical representation of the Cartesian coordinate system via the development of the grid street plan. In order to take advantage of streets as urban space, it is quite important to understand characteristics of communities and open space relationships between buildings and streets. Moreover, the strategic planning of schools' outdoor space vitalizes public streets as a critical community anchor. This research reviews 118 Manhattan public schools and categorizes them by (1) building layout type, (2) site type, (3) circulation and public open space, which are the biggest factors that determine the layout patterns of the public schools in Manhattan. As a result of analysis, the layout patterns are classified into seven types : "ㅡ", "L", "ㄷ", "ㅁ", "H", "T" and "other" type. Of these, "ㅡ" type and "L" type occur most frequently, because these configurations most flexibly fit into the limited grid-locked blocks, the various types of site & topography, and adapt most dynamically to the open spaces created by using avenues and streets. The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a case study for future efforts to plan open spaces for campuses that effectively utilize the streets in proximity.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.173-188
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• 2014

In this paper, a new class of open sets, namely ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets was introduced and its basic properties were studied. Moreover a new type of topology ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$ was generated using ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets and characterized the resultant topological space (X, ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$) as ${\gamma}^*$-pre-$T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ space.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

This study analyzes the recognition of commercial business men and employers who operate the commercial zone along the streets in the downtown area on the planting for the roadside green space forming the important frame of greening in the downtown among the open spaces. Through the analysis, this study attempts to get the basic data to suggest the recommendable directions in planting and managing the street trees in the downtown. The results of this study are summarized as described below. The street green spaces are very important in improving the environment of the downtown and their necessities are also very critical. It was found that the street trees were recognized as the critical factor to enhance the aesthetical values of the city, provide the green shades and purify the air. This study also identified that the street trees have the positive impacts on the business environment rather than negative impacts. In maintaining the street green spaces, the most necessity is the service facility such as resting areas, toilets and garbage bins with the street trees. The commercial business men and employers who operate the businesses along the streets preferred the double layer type that the tall trees and green walls are planted together along the streets for the street planting. For securing the green shades in the city, the planting of linear green spaces such as streets and waterways is critical. Moreover, the street trees accounts for the important position in the urban open spaces. The majority of commercial business men and employers consider the participation of citizens for greening as the very essential factor.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2018

POPS(Privately Owned Public Spaces) is one of the major component that vitalize the city by private sectors providing open-spaces to the public. It holds great significances and possibilities within CBD(Central Business District) which lack open-space and green-space. Despite of its importance, a large number of problems such as deficient accessibility for the public and being unpractical from constructing only with formality occur in existing POPS. POPS should be for both owners and public because it is a public space located within a private estate. To vitalize POPS, functions like "diversity", "accessibility and connectivity", and "usability" are essential. Providing diverse types of spaces makes dynamic city, and the spaces must have easy access by public and variety of functions. Managements by diverse types of POPS are necessary to improve availability and to provides suitable spaces. To make diverse types of POPS, advanced classifications of type and clear criteria are required. From aspect of accessibility and connectivity, firstly detailed instructions for the arrangement are necessary for reinforcement. Specific research on means of connection such as how many faces of POPS should adjoin streets and in which direction it should be facing should be applied. Purposes of POPS must be specified depending on the type of POPS. By connecting adjacent buildings with POPS, one of the main principal of vitalizing POPS, inflow of people can be increased. Accordingly, improvements of design guidelines in "diversity", "accessibility and connectivity", and "usability" can be suggested to vitalize POPS. With these concerns in mind, this paper analyzes problems of current Seoul POPS guidelines with three aspects.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2013

이 논문은 현재 단절되어 있는 도시 재생과 도시공원의 역사를 연계하여, 그 안에서 도시 공원이 경제적 기여를 했던 사례를 찾아내고, 더불어 도시공원이 가진 도시 재생 매체로서의 가능성을 역설함을 목적으로 한다. 19세기부터 오늘날에 이르기까지의 시기를 총 5개로 구분하였으며, 그중 2단계는도시화, 3단계는 도시 재생 시기를 아우른다(1940s~1960s, late 1960s~1970s, 1980s~present). 도시화 단계에서의 도시 공원은 도시 계획에 있어 정치, 경제적 지배력을 가진 요소였으나, 뒤이은 대공황과 세계 2차 대전을 거치면서 고용을 증대하기 위한 경기부양책으로 이용되기도 한다. 전후 도시 재생시대의 첫번째 단계에서 발견된 도시 공원은 도시의 매력적인 요소로서 인구와 산업을 유인하는 역할을 하게 된다. 두 번째 시대에는 정부 예산의 부족에서 비롯된 자발적 커뮤니티 오픈 스페이스가 증가하게 되는데, 이도 궁극적으로는 인근 주거지역의 이미지를 쇄신시켜 개발을 촉진시키게 된다. 마지막 단계에서 찾은 도시 공원 형태도 첫번째 시대에서와 마찬가지 역할을 하게 되나, 국제화 시대의 요구에 따라 글로벌 인재와 국제 기업을 유치하는데 기여한다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2023

Sport has no age limit and can be done anywhere and in any condition with minimal equipment. The existence of sports spaces in all parts of the world is considered a citizen's right. One of the activities carried out in this field is installing sports equipment and structures in parks and encouraging citizens to use this equipment for physical health with the least cost and facilities. Installing sports structures in open spaces such as parks is a practical step for developing citizens' sports. Although using devices in parks is acceptable, it is more critical to meet scientific and technical standards. The components of these structures must have high strength and endurance against changes in environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature difference, and corrosion. Among the various causes of material degradation, corrosion has always been one of several fundamental causes of metal equipment failure. Sports structures in open spaces are not safe from corrosion. Uniform corrosion is the most common type of corrosion. This corrosion usually occurs uniformly through a chemical or electrochemical reaction across the surface exposed to the corrosive environment. Rust and corrosion of outdoor sports structures are examples of this corrosion. For this reason, in this research, with the green synthesis of silica nanoparticles and its application in outdoor sports structures, the life span of these structures can be increased for the use of physical exercises as well as their quality.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.1383-1399
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• 2015

Let ${\mathbb{D}}=\{z{\in}{\mathbb{C}}:{\mid}z{\mid}<1\}$ be the open unit disk in the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$, ${\varphi}$ an analytic self-map of $\mathbb{D}$ and ${\psi}$ an analytic function in $\mathbb{D}$. Let D be the differentiation operator and $W_{{\varphi},{\psi}}$ the weighted composition operator. The boundedness and compactness of the product-type operator $W_{{\varphi},{\psi}}D$ from the weighted Bergman-Orlicz space to the weighted Zygmund space on $\mathbb{D}$ are characterized.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2002

The rebuilding method for old apartment housing blocks has merits of providing new buildings and larger private living spaces. However, it causes many serious urban problems, such as shortage of infrastructure capacity, traffic congestion, reduction of building life, and deterioration of open space quality. Nowadays, remodeling is accepted as a way of overcoming such negative effects of the rebuilding method. This study focuses on the various techniques of remodeling. The results of this research are as follows; First, old apartment blocks provide poor level of service in general, so they have problems of bad accessibility, deterioration of facilities, and degraded landscape. In many cases, there is a hindrance from walking freely and security problem due to illegal privatization of public spaces. Second, various remodeling techniques are required to meet residents' different needs. The residents of apartment housing value private space above public space, and show low level of willingness to pay cost for remodeling. Third, based on these findings, some remodeling techniques are suggested - integration of a space to another, expansion of spaces, connection of spaces, reuses of roofs and walls, relocation and renovation of paths between buildings, and so on.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2004년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.461-466
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• 2004

최근 공동주택의 지하주차장공간들은 지하공간에 위치한 문제를 차치하고도 많은 다양한 환경적 문제를 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 충분치 못한 공간으로 건축되었다. 이 연구는 스케일모델 측정으로 통하여 지하주차공간의 일광채광정도를 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 4%정도의 개구율에서 기준 조도수준에 미치는 적정한 량의 일광이 채광됨을 알 수 있었다.