• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to found that the important design reform points for improvement of the public open space quality. For this purpose, surveyed the users of the public open space and the experts working for the public open space planning for the design elements of the public open spaces in terms of importance and satisfaction. The scope of the study was limited to Mapo-gu, Seoul and the buildings constructed since 1992 were sampled. the data collected were subject to Importance-Performance Analysis. As a result, 'waste boxes, vending machines and other amenities', 'characteristic floor and pedestrian environment', 'designs and their layout in harmony with the surrounding and landscape facilities', 'facilities checking and patrol for safety' and 'entire area of the public open space'. Based on the above findings, the following reform measures are put forwards for improvement of the public open space quality; First, the public open spaces should be equipped with sufficient amenities. Second, it is necessary to check the facilities regularly, while enhancing the safety through patrols. Third, it is essential to reflect user's needs in public open space planning, while applying the important design elements to the public facilities. Fourth, in order to create a comfortable pedestrian environment within the public open space, it is deemed necessary to divide the space into the passages for passers-by and the recesses for uses. Fifth, it is necessary to amend the Building Code to the effects that the radio of the landscaped area to the entire area can be readjusted together with the night lighting facilities. Sixth, it is desirable to give the weights to the important design elements for the public open spaces, so that the quality public open spaces can benefit from the incentives. In addition, regular maintenance and management should be ensured by policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.179-198
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• 1994

Urban parks and open spaces provide the community residents with the most easily accessible source for outdoor recreation, contributing also to the improvement of quality of natural environment in urban area. The demands of urban residents' for more and better green area are ever-increasing. However, the level of most urban open spaces which are easily accessible for residents are not satisfactory to meet the residents' demand in availability and in quality as well. Most existing urban open spaces are simply built of green areas only or have been developed in almost identical design with little consideration for individual uniqueness of the site. When developing neighbourhood parks in urban housing complexes, for example, little consideration is being given to topographical conditions, interrelation with the adjacent green area, or viability of the urban ecosystem. In many cases, urban park development projects are being done with serious negligence of natural properties of the site, by even destroying existing healthy woodlands. for instance. The objectives of this study are; -To survey on the domestic and the overseas cases of regulatory systems, development status and planning methods for urban open space. -To identify underlying issues of residental park developments in urban housing projects and establish appropriate improvement measures thereof, by studing and analyzing current-use data of developed urban parks and management status thereof. -To establish improved standards for urban open space planning, by integrating above surveys and studies, and recommendation for revision of related legislation is also presented to implement these standards.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2022

Mining activity causes environmental pollution and geological hazards such as ground subsidence or landslide of which continuous monitoring is necessary. In this study, the activity on the Fushun West Open-Pit Mine (FWOPM), one of the largest open-pit coal mines in Asia located in Fushun, Liaoning Province, China, was analyzed by using a time-series Sentinel-1 InSAR coherence dataset. By using the difference between the two Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the area, it was possible to confirm that there was a stockpiling activity in the western area of the FWOPM while excavation activity in the eastern area. By using RGB composite images using the yearly-averaged InSAR coherence images, the activity of the mine was confirmed by period, which was confirmed by Google Earth optical images. As a result, it was possible to confirm three landslides and the related activities on the northwest slope and the dumping activity on the west slope of FWOPM.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the root surface areas of the maxillary permanent teeth in Thai patients exhibiting anterior normal overbite and in those exhibiting anterior open bite, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of maxillary permanent teeth from 15 patients with anterior normal overbite and 18 patients with anterior open bite were selected. Three-dimensional tooth models were constructed using Mimics Research version 17.0. The cementoenamel junction was marked manually. The root surface area was calculated automatically by 3-Matic Research version 9.0. The root surface areas of each tooth type from both types of bite were compared using the independent t-test (P<.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intraobserver reliability. Results: The mean root surface areas of the maxillary central and lateral incisors in individuals with anterior open bite were significantly less than those in those with normal bite. The mean root surface area of the maxillary second premolar in individuals with anterior open bite was significantly greater than in those with normal bite. Conclusion: Anterior open-bite malocclusion might affect the root surface area, so orthodontic force magnitudes should be carefully determined.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

In the knowledge-base 21st century, schools are required functions as a place of education for student as well as a place of life-long education for community. Therefore schools are needed to be open and to be multiple. The purpose of this study is to analysis of open-facilities to community of twenty elementary schools in Busan and to suggest a design guideline for open -facilities of school plan at the base of this analysis. The main contents of this study are as follows: 1) Study for general ideals and necessity of opening school facilities to community. 2) Establish the study objects of the opening facilities by existing studies and a questionnaire. 3) Focused on twenty elementary schools in Busan, analysis of the characteristics of opening facilities in terms of the using efficiency, that is, the approachability, the recognition and the territoriality. 4) At the base of 1) 2) 3), results are as follows: $\circ$ In consideration of approachability, the block plan of the open-facilities should be designed at making a circulation system without interruption of the student's educational area. $\circ$ In consideration of recognition, the form and detail of external and internal of the open-facilities should be designed at making distinction with the student's educational area. $\circ$ In consideration of territoriality, the zone of the open-facilities should be designed at composing exclusive hall, staircase and sanitation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.523-524
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2000

This research focused on the improved alternatives of the ordinance which practically control the open space in-situ, public open space and landscape construction related to city landscape for the healthy physical and mental life of the city dwellers. The contents of the study are as follows: 1. The special law of Landscape Architecture should be legislated. 2. The portion of landscaping should be changed by up-grading in the Ordinance of Landscape area and planting and the terms of landscape Facilities should include the ecological aspects in it's contents in the law. 3. The administration of local governments should actively lead and support the dwellers to make the roof gardens and the window gardens in the building area of cities or commercial districts which have relatively low rate of green space. 4. Any new construction and restoration of the buildings with preservation of the natural environment and creation of public open space should be given incentive and Set-back space in aesthetic area should have appropriate planting area and facilities in it. 5. Organizing professional landscape evaluation committee and composing evaluation standards are very important because of the contemporary proposition of the establishment of the establishment of ecological space and conservation of urban natural space. Because of the characteristics of Landscape Architecture, the Provisions of landscape Architecture Design and landscape architecture supervision of the specialist should be legislated and the Landscape Architectural Organization should be established within the Government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2014

PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of heel insole and visual control on body sway index with high-heeled shoes. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 61 healthy students. None of the participants had any orthopedic or neurologic alterations. C90 area, C90 angle, trace length, sway average velocity were measured using a force plate by BT4. The variables were measured both with insole and without insole when wearing high-heeled shoes under the conditions of eyes open and eyes closed. The collected data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and paired t-test. RESULTS: When wearing high-heeled shoes with insole under the conditions of eyes open, trace length, C90 area, velocity were significantly more decreased than without insole (p<.01). When wearing high-heeled shoes with insole under the conditions of eyes closed, only C90 area was significantly more decreased than without insole (p<.05). When wearing high-heeled shoes with insole under the conditions of eyes open, trace length, C90 area, velocity were significantly more decreased than under the conditions of eyes closed (p<.01). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the use of high-heeled shoes with insole supported from heel to midfoot more increased static balance than without insole under the conditions of eyes open.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2003

In this research, a way to design a more convenient road for walking by creating more pedestrian space for streets located in busy areas due to many people crowded together was looked into. A symbol or characteristic was given to the street representing the image or regional culture of the area, and effort was given to create convenient yet characteristic street landscape by turning an environmentally sound, open area into pedestrian space. The basic concept of pedestrian space design was taken as the correlations between physical and psychological factors that appear on the environmental aspect of landscape. Areas for which it was difficult to come up with, a method to create a unique open space for pedestrians was looked into by analyzing with other known cases where the pedestrian area landscape was compared with that of the area in question.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.413-415
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• 2021

This paper proposes a nail detection algorithm using OpenPose and implements virtual nail art using it. Based on the key points detected by OpenPose, the finger area is detected using skin color characteristics for each finger. The nail region is detected from the edge image of the detected finger region. Then, a virtual nail art is implemented by synthesizing nail tips in the nail area. In a somewhat controlled shooting environment, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm detects nail areas well and implements virtual nail art well.