• Educational Technology International
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.129-159
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in students' awareness of online classes in university education over the three years from 2020 to 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, various aspects of online classes, including self-directed learning, interaction (between instructors and learners, and among learners), evaluation of the learning process and outcomes, and the learning environment and control of learning, were analyzed for changes from 2020 to 2022. The study included 534 university students enrolled in University A who participated in online classes in both 2020 and 2021. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the awareness of self-directed learning, but significant differences were found in the awareness of interaction, evaluation of the learning process and outcomes, and the challenge related to learning environment and control of learning in online classes, which were higher in 2021 and 2022 than in 2020. Additionally, detailed changes in awareness of online classes showed significant differences in specific aspects of awareness in university online classes. In summary, students' awareness of online classes improved in 2021 and 2022 compared to 2020, as learners adapted to online classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was observed that difficulties in the challenge related to learning environment and control of learning were overcome in 2021. Based on these research findings, several implications for improving the design and operating strategies of effective online classes in future university education were proposed.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

This study was conducted with students who participated in an online extracurricular after COVID-19 in order to analyze the effects of college students' learning strategy, learning attitude, and achievement motivation on satisfaction. After participating in the online extracurricular, an online survey was conducted, and responses from 163 students were collected. Based on the collected data, the study results were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. First, learning strategy was found to have a positive effect on satisfaction. These results can be inferred that positive recognition worked in the process of actually applying the learning strategies acquired through the extracurricular to their own learning. Second, learning attitude had a positive effect on satisfaction. The learner's learning attitude to develop necessary skills through experience and the sense of achievement experienced in the process of participating in the online extracurricular had a positive effect on satisfaction. Third, achievement motivation was found to have a positive effect on satisfaction. It can be inferred that the learner's active behavior by participating in the program acts as a motivation for achievement and affects satisfaction. Finally, through this study, a plan for effectively operating extracurricular in an online environment was presented.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of effective online Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PjBL). The collaborative PBL/PjBL become one of the hot issues with the rapid growth of online learning in the era of COVID-19. Educators try to get innovative to continue instruction without sacrificing student engagement, thus adopting an instructional model of PBL/PjBL. The PBL process involves clarifying terms, defining complex problems, brainstorming, structuring and hypothesis while PjBL includes project-planning, implementation, communicating the results of a project in a presentation and evaluations with immediate individually tailored feedback within a predetermined period. Despite the differences between online and offline learning, the benefits of learning online or offline are practically the same if enough bidirectional interactions between instructors and students are possible. We argue that online qualifications are just the same as those of offline ones in PBL/PjBL models, therefore, the standards of online/offline learning are identical since education is a two-way communication.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2006

This project aims to design and develop a prototype for an agent that support online collaborative learning. Online collaborative learning, which has emerged as a new form of education in the knowledge-based society, is regarded as an effective method for improving practical and highly advanced problem-solving abilities. Collaborative learning involves complicated processes, such as organizing teams, setting common goals, performing tasks, and evaluating the outcome of team activities. Thus, a teacher may have difficulty promoting and evaluating the entire process of collaborative learning, and a system may need to be developed to support it. Therefore, to promote interaction among learners in the process of collaborative learning, this study designed an extensible collaborative learning agent (ECOLA) for an online learning environment.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

This study examines the impact of online collaborative English language learning to enhance learner motivation and classroom engagement in university English instruction. The role of learner motivation and classroom engagement has gained much attention under the premises of current constructivist framework of English as a foreign language education. To promote learner motivation and classroom interaction in English instruction, participants in this study engaged in integrative English learning activities through online group collaboration and peer-tutoring. They exchanged productive peer response and shared their learning experiences throughout the integrative English learning activities. Digital technology played an integral role in motivating the learning process of the participants. Data for this study were gathered through an online questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed based on the ARCS motivational model of instructional design to identify the motivational aspects of integrative English learning activities. This study reveals that participants of this study regarded online collaborative English learning activities as the positive and motivating learning experience. The online collaborative English reading instruction had positive effect on improving EFL university students' learning performance. Participants of this study also identified affective and metacognitive benefits of online collaborative EFL learning activities for learner motivation and classroom engagement. This study reveals that the social networking platform in online group collaboration played a crucial role for the participants in understanding the integration of online group collaboration as the positive and effective language learning strategy. This study may have implications in suggesting the effective instructional design for promoting learner motivation and classroom interaction in EFL education.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.285-301
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• 2023

비대면 교육의 중요성 및 필요에 따른 수요가 증가함에 따라 국내외 온라인 교육 오픈 플랫폼이 활성화되고 있다. 본 플랫폼은 대학 등 교육 전문기관과 달리 학습자의 자율성이 높은 특징을 가지며 이에 따라 개인화된 학습 도구를 지원하기 위한 학습 행동 데이터의 분석 연구가 중요시 되고 있다. 실제적인 학습 행동을 이해하고 패턴을 도출하기 위하여 프로세스 마이닝이 다수 활용되었지만 온라인 교육 플랫폼과 같이 자기 관리형(Self-regulated) 환경에서의 학습 로그를 기반한 사례는 부족하다. 또한, 대부분 프로세스 모델 도출 등의 모델 관점에서의 접근이며 분석 결과의 실제적인 적용을 위한 개별 패턴 및 인스턴스 관점에서의 방법 제시는 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 온라인 교육 오픈 플랫폼 내 학습 패턴을 파악하기 위하여 프로세스 마이닝을 활용한 분석 방법을 제시한다. 학습 패턴을 다각도로 분석하기 위하여 모델, 패턴, 인스턴스 관점에서의 분석 방법을 제시하며, 프로세스 모델 발견, 적합도 검사, 군집화 기법, 예측 알고리즘 등 다양한 기법을 활용한다. 본 방법은 국내 오픈 교육 플랫폼 내 기계학습 관련 강좌의 학습 로그를 추출하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 온라인 강의의 특성에 맞게 비구조화된 프로세스 모델을 도출할 수 있었으며 구체적으로 한 개의 표준 학습 패턴과 세 개의 이상 학습 패턴으로 세분화할 수 있었다. 또한, 인스턴스별 패턴 분류 예측 모델을 도출한 결과 전체 흐름 중 초기 30%의 흐름을 바탕으로 예측하였을 때 0.86의 분류 정확도를 보였다. 본 연구는 프로세스 마이닝을 활용하여 학습자의 패턴을 체계적으로 분석한다는 점에서 기여점을 가진다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2010

학습을 이해하는 새로운 패러다임으로 구성주의가 등장하면서 협력학습의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 특히 교수와 학습에 대한 새로운 접근을 지원하는 테크놀로지로 온라인이 부각되면서 온라인 협력학습에 대한 관심이 증대하고 있다. 본 연구는 온라인 협력학습에서 하나의 주요한 요인인 학습과제 유형에 따른 협력학습 모형을 탐색하여 온라인 협력학습 실제에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 이를 위해 학습과제를 문제해결과제와 지식학습과제로 분류한 후, 학습과제 유형별로 적합한 온라인 협력학습 설계와 환경, 그리고 학습과정을 살펴보았다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.717-731
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to suggest effective online pedagogical strategies for a fashion design CAD course to enhance student learning and satisfaction. The study investigated student experience of online learning and compared online learning with a face-to-face learning experience. Student concentration, participation, perceptions of effectiveness of teaching, utilization of learning materials, and satisfaction were analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Advantages and disadvantages of online learning as well as advantages of face-to-face learning were also analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Student concentration, participation, and perception of effectiveness of teaching were greater for face-to-face learning with significantly higher concentration on individual practice. Students utilized video recording of synchronous online lectures more actively than PDF lecture notes. The advantages of face-to-face learning were plentiful communication and feedback and easy questioning process as well as high levels of understanding and concentration. Meanwhile, major disadvantages of online learning were the speed of the lecture, lower levels of understanding and concentration, limited peer interaction, and technical problems. Major advantages of online learning were flexibility and convenience, repetitive learning through videos, and instant communication and feedback. Students preferred a blended learning approach for the fashion design CAD course. For effective online learning, it is suggested that instructors frequently question and check student practice through screen share in a private online meeting room and engage activities that are demanding of student interaction. The video recording of synchronous online lectures is also suggested as a supplemental learning material for repetitive learning.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

본 연구는 온라인 학습에서 콘텐츠의 제시유형과 제시수준, 그리고 학습자의 메타인지가 학습에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 실시되었다. 이를 위해 온라인 학습 콘텐츠의 제시유형과 제시수준, 그리고 학습자의 메타인지에 따른 개념도 형성과 학습 과정을 살펴보았다. 온라인 학습 콘텐츠의 제시유형은 의미중심형과 맥락중심형으로, 제시수준은 기본형과 결핍형으로 구분하여 제공하였고, 학습자의 메타인지는 검사결과에 따라 상하 두 집단으로 구분하였다. 연구결과는 콘텐츠의 제시유형에서 의미중심형(M=45.00, SE=1.97)이 맥락중심형(M=34.71, SE=1.98)보다 더 높은 개념도 형성을 보였다. 콘텐츠의 제시수준별 집단간(F=.002, p>.05), 메타인지 상하 집단간에는 의의 있는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 제시수준과 메타인지 사이에 상호작용(F=6.225, p<.05) 효과가 있어 메타인지 상집단은 결핍형에서, 하집단은 기본형에서 보다 높은 개념도 형성을 보였다. 또한 온라인 학습 과정 분석을 통해 학습자의 메타인지가 콘텐츠의 결점과 결핍을 보완하여 학습을 실행하게 하는 중요요인임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.826-839
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• 2021

본 연구는 대학 실시간 쌍방향 수업 성과에 영향을 미치는 변인을 탐색하고 변인들 간의 구조적 관계를 살펴봄으로써 효과적인 대학 실시간 쌍방향 수업에 대한 설계 시사점을 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적에 따라, 2020년 1학기에 진행된 실시간 쌍방향 강좌를 수강한 123명의 대학생을 대상으로 자기조절학습, 사회적 실재감, 학습 몰입, 지각된 학업성취도를 측정하였다. 수집된 데이터는 SPSS와 SPSS PROCESS macro를 활용하여 분석되었으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자기조절학습과 학습 몰입은 지각된 학업성취도를 유의하게 예측하였으나, 사회적실재감은 지각된 학업성취도를 유의하게 예측하지 않았다. 둘째, 자기조절학습은 지각된 학업성취도에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 학습 몰입은 자기조절학습과 지각된 학업성취도의 관계를 매개하였다. 셋째, 사회적 실재감은 지각된 학업성취도에 직접적인 영향을 미치진 않지만, 학습 몰입을 매개로 하여 지각된 학업성취도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 대학 실시간 쌍방향 수업에 대한 설계적 시사점을 제안하였다.