• 제목/요약/키워드: One-way System

검색결과 2,827건 처리시간 0.037초

의류제조업체의 패션 정보활동에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Fashion Information Activities of Clothing Manufactures)

  • 송미령
    • 복식
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    • 제22권
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    • pp.135-158
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    • 1994
  • The fashion industry of today is closely re-lated with the information activity. This study investigates now they take advantage of the fashion information by analysing some related fields including fashion design. Furthormore this study identify the factor which makes the design activity distinctive and predict and fu-ture trend in design. The purposes of this study through analysis are : to help find the way to facilitate the fashion industry and to develop the fashion merchandising in order to activate the re-cession of manufacturers and to improve competitiveness in the world market and to contribute to the academic achievement in the study of fashion merchandising. In the experimental approach the tasks of research are as follows: Research 1: The application of fashion infor-mation is discussed in terms of process and level. Research 2: The differences of the fashion design activities are captured on the basis of the characteristics of manufactures and fashion specialists and fashion information ac-tivities. The factors are identified which pre-dict and discriminate the results of fashion de-sign activities. The questionaire and interview were conduc-ted among women's clothing manufactures in Seoul and their fashion specialists in charge of merchandise development. The methods of survey were designed on the basis of theories developed so far and on he advice from the social scientists and fashion specialists. the methods were corrected and complemented through the 1st and 2nd preliminary investigations before their application For data analysis cronbach's a coefficient fre-quency percentage average standard devi-ation pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated and t-test F-test(ANOVA) Duncan's multiple range test regression and Discriminant analysis were conducted. The results of analysis throughout the experimen-tal studies were as follows: 1. The analysis of fashion in formation (1) the present application of information a. The source of information : Both the foreign and the domestic information came mostly from fashion journals magazines newspapers and other periodicals, the main source of market information was collected from the survey of popular items in recent years the data about the life-style of customers and their tastes for wearing were widely used as the information about consumers. b. The applicaton of information : The most widely used information was about fabrics. The foreign information was prefered on the whole. The domestic problems pointed out in this investgation were that the domestic journals showed the lack of specialty and the special organizations for fashion informatino were in urgent need. (2) The research of fashion information a. The various processes and levels of in-formation activities: Among the process of collection analysis and distribution the collec-tion process showed a good acheivement whereas the distribution whereas the distribution didn't. In levels of the systematic activities the acceptance of support and the utility of supported instruments the first indicated a high degree whereas the second showed lowest. b. The correlationship among subvariables : There was a significant correlation between the collection and the analysis process. The systematic activities revealed close relation-ship with the analysis process and the accept-ance of support with the distribution process. The close correlation was found between the utility of supported instruments and the analy-sis process. 2. The analysis of the fashion design activities (1) No significant differences were found in the design activities when the characteristics of companies were compared only. (2) According to the characteristics of fashion specialists the one with age experi-ence and high income showed rather good achievement but no significant differences were captured among sex department in charge title academic background education in abroad and field experience (3) The fashion information activities were strongly correlated with the design achieve-ment : The analysis process and the system-atic activity level had a great influence on the design activities. (4) In order to examine which cha-racteristics in (1-3) made it possible to pre-dct and discriminate the achievement in de-sign activities the Discriminant analysis was carried out. The results were as follows: the fashion information activities showed the highest discriminant rate. Next came the in-come level experience and age in that order Those four variables discrimated 37 from 50 who showed great achievement in design area (74%) and 51 from 83 in low achievement group (81%) Thus the total discriminant rate was 77.5%.

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압수수색과 개인정보 보호의 문제 (Privacy protection of seizure and search system)

  • 김운곤
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.123-131
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    • 2015
  • 정보통신의 눈부신 발전은 우리 사회에 편리함과 더불어 또 하나의 문제를 야기하고 있다. 즉 전자기기로 무제한적 감시가 가능한 사회로 변모 되고 있어, 이를 잘못 관리할 경우 또 다른 재앙으로 낳을 수 있다는 문제가 있다. 이러한 사회 속에서 살아가는 우리는 거주지의 문을 나서면서부터 곳곳에 설치되어 있는 폐쇄회로 카메라(CCTV-Closed Circuit Television)와 개인이 사용하는 스마트 폰을 통하여 감시의 덫 속에서 살아가고 있는 것이다. 한편으로는 정보통신의 발전과 함께 개인정보를 쉽게 수집, 저장하게 되면서 기업에게는 마케팅을 위한 기업의 소중한 자산가치가 되면서 이를 불법적으로 수집하고자 하는 사람들이 늘어나게 되고, 실제로 이와 관련된 사건들이 많이 발생하기도 하였다. 이러한 정보사회 속에서는 수사도 범죄행위로 인해 남게 되는 디지털 흔적을 얼마나 잘 찾아낼 수 있느냐가 그 수사의 성공도를 가늠할 수 있을 정도로 여겨지고 있으면서 수사기관은 이를 찾기 위해 노력하게 된다. 따라서 사건을 수사하면서 범죄자가 사용하였던 컴퓨터나 스마트폰의 사용흔적에 관한 압수 수색의 절차는 이제 필수적인 절차가 되었으며, 이러한 전자적인 증거를 수집할 수 있느냐는 수사의 성패를 가름하는 결정적인 요소가 되었다. 그런데 이때 수사기관들은 전자 증거자료들을 압수 또는 수색하면서 포괄적으로 이루어지는 경우가 많아 피압수자의 정보자기결정권을 침해할 우려가 높아지는 추세이다. 따라서 많은 국민들이 수사기관이 행하는 전자정보의 포괄적 압수수색에 대하여 불안감이 노출되면서 '사이버 망명'이라는 용어까지 탄생시키고 있다. 이러한 점에서 전자적 정보의 압수수색 범위를 어떻게 설정하여야 할 것인지를 검토하였다.

Flowable 및 microfill 복합레진으로 충전된 제 5급와동에서 load cycling 전,후의 미세변연누출 비교 (MICROLEAKAGE OF MICROFILL AND FLOWABLE COMPOSITE RESINS IN CLASS V CAVITY AFTER LOAD CYCLING)

  • 강석호;김오영;오명환;조병훈;엄정문;권혁춘;손호현
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.142-149
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    • 2002
  • Low-viscosity composite resins may produce better sealed margins than stiffer compositions (KempScholte and Davidson, 1988: Crim, 1989). Plowable composites have been recommended for use in Class V cavities but it is also controversial because of its high rates of shrinkage. On the other hand, in the study comparing elastic moduli and leakage, the microfill had the least leakage (Rundle et at. 1997) Furthermore, in the 1996 survey of the Reality Editorial Team, microfills were the clear choice for abfraction lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 6 compostite resins (2 hybrids, 2 microfills, and 2 flowable composites) with and without load cycling. Notch-shaped Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 180 extracted human upper premolars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-load cycling group (group 1) and load cycling group (group 2) of 90 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided into 6 subgroups of 15 samples. All preparations were etched, and Single bond was applied. Preparations were restored with the following materials (n=15) : hybrid composite resin [Z250(3M Dental Products Inc. St. Paul, USA), Denfil(Vericom, Ahnyang, Korea)], microfill [Heliomolar RO(Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Micronew(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA)], and flowable composite[AeliteFlo(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA), Revolution(Kerr Corp. Orange, CA, USA)]. Teeth of group 2 were subjected to occlusal load (100N for 50,000 cycles) using chewing simulator(MTS 858 Mini Bionix II system, MTS Systems Corp. Minn. USA). All samples were coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with a diamond wheel. Enamel and dentin/cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on a sclale of 0 (no leakage) to 3 (3/3 of wall). Results were statistically analyzed by Kruscal-Wallis One way analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student-Newmann-Keuls method. (p = 0.05) Results : 1. There was significantly less microleage in enamel margins than dentinal margins of all groups (p<0.05) 2. There was no significant between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 1. 3. In dentin margin of group 1, flowable composite had more microleakage than others but not of significant differences. 4. there was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 2. 5. In dentin margin of group 2, the microleakage were R>A =H=M>D>Z. But there was no significant differences. 6. In enamel margins, load cycling did not affect the marginal microleakage in significant degree. 7. In enamel margins, load cycling did affect the marginal microleakage only in Revolution. (p<0.05).

뇌전이 환자의 조영 증강 후 지연 FLAIR 영상의 유용성 (Patients with brain metastases the usefulness of contrast-enhanced FLAIR images after delay)

  • 변재후;박명환;이진완
    • 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.13-19
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: FLAIR image is beneficial for the diagnosis of various bran diseases including ischemic CVS, brain tumors and infections. However the border between the legion of brain metastasis and surrounding edema may not be clear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the practical benefits of delayed imaging by comparing the image from a patient with brain metastasis before a contrast enhancement and the image 10 minutes after a contrast enhancement. Materials and methods: Of the 92 people who underwent MRI brain metastases in suspected patients 13 people in three patients there is no video to target the 37 people confirmed cases, and motion artifacts brain metastases in our hospital June-December 2013, 18 people measurement position except for the three incorrect patient (male: 11 people, female: 7 people, average age: 60 years) in the target, test equipment, 3.0T MR System (ACHIEVA Release, Philips, I was 8ChannelSENSE Head Coil use Best, and the Netherlands). TR 11000 ms, TE 125 ms, TI2800 ms, Slice Thickness 5 mm, gap 5 mm, is a Slice number 21, the parameters of the 3D FFE, T2 FLAIR variable that was used to test, TR 8.1 ms, TE 3.7 ms, Slice number 240 I set to. The experiment was conducted by acquiring the FLAIR prior to contrast enhancement (heretofore referred to as Pre FLAIR), and acquiring the 3D FFE CE five minutes after the contrast enhancement, and recomposing the images in an axial plane of S/T 3mm, G 0mm (heretofore referred to as MPR TRA CE). Using the FLAIR 10 minutes after the contrast enhancement (heretofore referred to as Post FLAIR) and Pi-View, a retrospective study was conducted. Using MRIcro on the image of a patient confirmed for his diagnosis, the images before and after the contrast media, as well as the CNR and SNR of the MPR TRA CE images of the lesion and the site absent of lesion were compared and analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Results: CNR for Pre FLAIR and Post FLAIR were 34.35 and 60.13, respectively, with MPR TRA CE at 23.77 showing no significant difference (p<0.050). Post-experiment analysis shows a difference between Pre FLAIR and Post FLAIR in terms of CNR (p<0.050), but no difference in CNR between Post FLAIR and MPR TRA CE (p>0.050), indicating that the contrast media had an effect only on Pre FLAIR and Post FLAIR. The SNR for the normal site Pre FLAIR was 106.43, and for the lesion site 140.79. Post FLAIR for the normal site was 107.79, and for the lesion site 167.91. MPR TRA CE for the normal site was 140.23 and for the lesion site 183.19, showing significant difference (p<0.050), and post-experiment analysis shows that there was a difference in SNR only on the lesion sites for Pre FLAIR and Post FLAIR (p<0.050). There was no difference in SNR between the normal site and lesion site for Post FLAIR and MPR TRA CE, indicating no effect from the contrast media (p>0.050). Conclusions: This experiment shows that Post FLAIR has a higher contrast than Pre FLAIR, and a higher SNR for lesions, It was not not statistically significant and MPR TRA CE but CNR came out high. Inspection of post-contrast which is used in a high magnetic field is frequently used images of 3D T1 but, since the signal of the contrast medium and the blood flow is included, this method can be diagnostic accuracy is reduced, it is believed that when used in combination with Post FLAIR, and that can provide video information added to the diagnosis of brain metastases.

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흡입제의 올바른 흡입방법 교육 시 전산화 평가프로그램을 이용한 반복교육의 효과 (The Effect of Repeated Education using a Computerized Scoring System for the Proper Use of Inhalation Medicine)

  • 유성근;박성임;박소영;박정규;김성은;김정엽;신경철;정진홍;이관호
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제63권6호
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    • pp.491-496
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    • 2007
  • 연구배경: 기관지천식과 만성폐쇄성폐질환과 같은 만성 기도질환의 여러 가지 치료법 중 흡입제가 가장 효과적 방법이지만 상당수 환자에서 부정확하게 흡입제를 사용하고 있고, 순응도 또한 낮은 편이다. 저자들은 흡입제의 정확한 사용과 치료 순응도를 높이고자 전산화 흡입제 상담 서비스 프로그램을 개발하여 흡입제 사용에 대한 반복적 교육과 평가를 시행하여 흡입제의 사용 능력 및 치료 순응도에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 방 법: 만성기도질환 환자를 대상으로 저자들이 개발한 전산화 흡입제 상담 서비스 프로그램을 실시하였다. 2회 이상 방문한 환자를 대상으로 흡입제의 사용능력을 9개 항목에 따라 교육과 함께 평가를 하였으며, 교육 전후 질병의 이해와 약물의 순응도를 알아보았다. 결 과: 흡입제 사용 능력이 교육 전후, 1차와 2차, 2차와 3차 방문사이에 유의하게 향상되었다(p<0.05). 자신의 질환에 대한 이해도는 1차 방문에서 70.7%, 2차 방문에서 는 78.7%, 3차 방문에서는 78.9%로 증가하였다. 순응도는 2차 방문에서 70.1%, 3차 방문에서는 81.8%로 향상되었다. 결 론: 저자들이 개발한 전산화 흡입제 상담 서비스 프로그램은 만성기도질환 환자에서 흡입제 사용능력 및 순응도, 질병에 대한 이해도를 향상시킬 수 있었다.

광조사 방식이 복합레진 수복물의 변연누출에 미치는 영향 (EFFECT OF LIGHT IRRADIATION MODES ON THE MARGINAL LEAKAGE OF COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATION)

  • 박은숙;김기옥;김성교
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.263-272
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    • 2001
  • 저광도 중합법, 펄스 지연 중합법, 초고광도 중합법 등의 광조사 방식이 광중합형 복합레진 수복물에서의 중합수축 응력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 in vitro에서 미세 누출 실험을 하였다. 80개의 발거된 소구치의 협측면에 5급 와동을 형성하고, 600mW/$cm^2$로 30초간 광조사하는 보통 광도 중합군, 300mW/$cm^2$로 60초간 광조사하는 저광도 중합군, 400mW/$cm^2$로 2초간 광조사하고 5분간 기다린 후 800mW/$cm^2$로 10초간 최종 중합시키는 펄스-지연 중합군, 그리고 1930mW/$cm^2$의 광도로 3초간 광조사하는 초고광도 중합군 등의 4개의 군으로 나누어 hybrid 형의 광중합복합레진을 충전하고 각 군의 방법대로 중합한 후, 변연의 0.5mm 외부에 nail varnish를 도포하고 37$^{\circ}C$, 2% metylene blue 용액에 24시간 동안 침적시켰다. 시편을 아크릴릭 레진에 매몰한 후 수복물의 중앙에서 종절단하여 입체현미경하에서 그 단면을 관찰한 후 법랑질과 상아질 변연으로 나누어 색소의 침투도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 펄스 지연 중합군의 색소 침투도는 법랑질과 상아질 변연 모두에서 보통광도, 저광도 및 초고광도 중합군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 2. 상아질 변연에서 초고광도 중합군은 보통광도 중합군과 저광도 중합군에 비해 유의하게 높은 색소 침투도를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 법랑질 변연에서의 4개 군의 색소 침투도는 서로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 4. 모든 군에서 상아질 변연에서의 색소 침투도는 법랑질군에서의 색소 침투도에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05).

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Flowable Composite Resin의 미세변연누출 및 전단결합강도 (MICROLEAKAGE AND SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF FLOWABLE COMPOSITE RESIN)

  • 박성준;오명환;김오영;이광원;엄정문;권혁춘;손호현
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 2001
  • Flowable composite resin has lower filler content, increased flow, and lower modules of elasticity. It is suggested that flowable composite resin can be bonded to the tooth structure intimately and absorb or dissipate the stress. Therefore, it may be advantageous to use flowable composite resin for the base material of class II restoration and for the class V restoraton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage and shear bond strength of four flowable composite resins (Aeliteflo, Flow-It, Revolution, Ultraseal XT Plus) compared to Z100 using Scotchbond Multi Purpose dentin bonding system. To evaluate the microleakage, notch-shaped class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 80 extracted human premolars and molars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-thermocycling group (group 1) and thermocycling group (group 2) of 40 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided onto five subgroups of eight samples (sixteen surfaces). The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and composite resin were applied for each group following the manufacturer's instructions. the teeth of group 2 were thermocycled five hundred times between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. The teeth of group 2 were placed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin, and sectioned longitudinally with a diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen were observed with a stereomicioscope at $\times$20 magnification. To evaluate the shear bond strength, 60 teeth were divided into five groups of twelve teeth each. The experimental teeth were ground horizontally below the dentinoenamel junction, so that no enamel remained. After applying Scotchbond Multi-Purpose on the dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder. The cylinder was 4mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness. Shear bond strength was measured using Instron with a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. After shear bond strength measurement, mode of failure was evaluated with a stereomicroscope at $\times$30 magnification. All data were statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls method. The correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength was analyzed by linear regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. In non-thermocycling group, the leakage value of Z100 was significantly lower than those of flowable composite resins at the enamel and dentin margin, margin, except that Revolution showed the lower leakage value than that of Z100 at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 2. In thermocycling group, the leakage values of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus were lower than those of other subgroup at the enamel and dentin margin, except that Flow-It showed the lower leakage value than that of Ultraseal XT Plus at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 3. The leakage value of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus in thermocycling group were not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the enamel margin. The leakage value of Z100 in thermocycling group was not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 4. As for the shear bond strength measurement, there were no statistically significant differences among groups (p<0.05). The shear bond strengths given in descending order were as follows: Z100(16.81$\pm$2.98 MPa), Flow-It(14.8$\pm$4.43 MPa), Aeliteflo(14.34$\pm$3.69 MPa), Revolution(13.46$\pm$4.23 MPa), Ultraseal XT Plus(12.83$\pm$3.16 MPa). 5. Failure modes of all specimens were adhesive failures. 6. There was no correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength.

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특발성 파킨슨병 환자의 임상척도에 따른 심박변이도의 변화에 대한 연구 (Clinical Study of Heart Rate Variability on Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease according to Clinical Scale(Hoehn-Yahr stage, UPDRS))

  • 박상민;이상훈;정지철;김건형;박히준;임사비나;장대일;이윤호
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2005
  • 본 저자는 2004년 3월 9일부터 2004년 5월15일까지 경희의료원 침구과 외래를 내원한 특발성 파킨슨병 환자를 대상으로 하여 파킨슨병 증상의 호전도를 판단하는 임상척도인 H-Y stage에 따른 HRV를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 시간영역분석에서 H-Y stage I, II, III 그룹의 SDNN은 $28.21{\pm}10.10$, $22.25{\pm}11.26$, $14.57{\pm}5.31$으로 그룹 I과 그룹III 간에는 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). RMS-SD는 $19.23{\pm}13.27$, $14.63{\pm}6.44$, $6.44{\pm}2.32$ 으로 역시 그룹 I과 그룹III 간에는 유의한 차이가 있었 다(p<0.05). 2. 주파수영역분석에서 TP는 H-Y stage Ⅰ, II, III 그룹에서 각각 $499.86{\pm}345.45$, $243.72{\pm}212.22$, $99.44{\pm}51.01$로 ANOYA 검정결과 p-value가 0.007로 매우 유의 있었으며, 사후 검정에서는 그룹 I과 II, 그룹 II와 III에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 그룹 I과 III에서는 매우 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). LF는 H-Y stage I과 III 그룹에서 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05) VLF, HF, LF norm HF nonm LF norm, LF/HF ratio에서는 각 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. SDNN, RMS-SD, TP가 UPDRS 총점이 증가함에 따라 유의성 있게 감소하는 경향 (p<0.05)을 보이는 것으로 보아 파킨슨병이 진행함에 따라 자율신경계의 활동성이 저하될 것으로 보인다.

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BIOMECHANICS OF ABUTMENTS SUPPORTING REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES UNDER UNILATERAL LOADING

  • Kim, Seong-Kyun;Heo, Seong-Joo;Koak, Jai-Young;Lee, Jeong-Taek;Roh, Hyun-Ki;Kim, Hyo-Jin;Lee, Seok-Hyung;Lee, Joo-Hee
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.753-759
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    • 2007
  • Statement of problem. In distal extension removable partial denture, the preservation of health of abutment teeth is very important, but abutment teeth are subjected to unfavorable stress under unilateral loading specially. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects of mandibular removable partial dentures with various prosthetic designs under unilateral loading, using strain gauge analysis. Material and methods. Artificial teeth of both canines were anchored bilaterally in a mandibular edentulous model made of resin. Bilateral distal extension removable partial dentures with splinted and unsplinted abutments were fabricated. Group 1: Clasp-retained mandibular removable partial denture with unsplinted abutments Group 2: Clasp-retained mandibular removable partial denture with splinted abutments by 6-unit bridge. Group 3: Bar-retained mandibular removable partial denture Strain gauges were bonded on the labial plate of the mandibular resin model, approximately 2 mm dose to the abutments. Two unilateral vertical experimental loadings (30N and 100N) were applied subsequently via miniature load cell that were placed at mandibular left first molar region. Strain measurements were performed and simultaneously monitored from a computer connected to data acquisition system. For within-group evaluations, t-test was used to compare the strain values and for between-group comparisons, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used and Tukey test was used as post hoc comparisons. Results. The strain values of group 1 and 2 were tensile under loadings. In contrast, strain values of group 3 were compressive in nature. Strain values increased as the applied load in increased from 30N to 100N (p<.05) except for right side in group 1. Under 30N loading, in left side, group 1 showed higher strain values than groups 2 and 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). And group 2 showed higher strain values than group 1 (p<.05). In right side, group 1 and 2 showed higher strain values than group 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). Under 100N loading in left side, group 1 showed higher strain values than groups 2 and 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). And group 2 showed higher strain values than group 1 (p<.05). In right side, group 1 and 2 showed higher strain values than group 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). Under 30N loading, group 2 and 3 showed higher strain values in right side than in left side. Under 100N loading, right side strain values were higher than left side ones for all groups. Conclusion. Splinting of two isolated abutments by bridge reduced the peri-abutment strain in comparison with unsplinted abutments under unilateral loading. Bar-retained removable partial denture showed the lowest strain of three groups, and compressive nature.

조리실습 교육에 대한 교사의 관심도, 실행 수준, 실행 형태 및 지원 요구도 조사 (A Study on Stage of Concern, Level of Use, Innovation Configuration, and Intervention demand of Teachers in Culinary Practice Education)

  • 박은숙;김영남
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.41-60
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 Hord 등이 개발한 CBAM(관심에 기초한 교육과정 실행 모형)을 적용하여 제7차 교육과정에서의 조리실습 교육에 대한 교사의 관심도, 실행 수준. 실행 형태 및 지원 요구도를 알아봄으로써. 변화하는 시대와 새로운 교육과정에 맞는 조리실습 교육이 이루어질 수 있도록 질적 개선을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 5대 도시 중 고둥학교의 가정과 교사 500명을 대상으로 질문지를 우편 발송하였고, 회수된 193부 중 부실 기재된 6부를 제외한 187부를 SPSS/win 10.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, $X^2$ 분석, one-way ANOVA, 독립표본 t-test를 실시하였으며, 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조리실습 교육에 대한 가정과 교사의 관심 단계는 대체로 무관심 상태인 지각적 단계 즉 변화 초기에 해당하는 낮은 관심 수준에 머물고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조리실습 교육의 실행 수준에 있어 조리실습을 실행하지 않는 수준은 없었고, 일상화의 단계가 가장 높았으며, 대체로 초기 단계로 나타났던 관심도와 달리, 실행 수준은 비교적 높은 특징을 보였다. 셋째. 제7차 교육과정 조리실습의 실행 형태를 알아본 결과, 전체적으로 약 30%의 교사가 제7차 교육과정과 전혀 부합되지 않는 실행을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 목표와 내용 영역은 이상적인 실행 형태의 비율이 높았지만, 교수 학습방법과 교수 학습 자료, 평가 영역에서는 전혀 부합되지 않거나 부분적으로 부합되는 실행 형태가 높았다. 특히, 전혀 부합되지 않는 형태가 가장 높고 완전 부합 형태가 가정 적게 실행되고 있는 교수 학습방법 영역에 있어서 보다 많은 지원이 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 넷째, 조리실습 교육에서의 지원 요구도를 알아본 결과, 전반적으로 많은 지원을 원하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지원적 분위기 조성 중 설비 제공 지원에 대한 요구도가 가장 높았고, 다음이 재정 확보 및 실습비 지원으로 나타났다.

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