• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.147-155
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• 2011

With globalization, national image has become more important. As national competitiveness is stressed, the Olympics is considered as an opportunity to show host country's general capabilities. Positive national image can be built through successful Olympic Games and Olympic emblem is a core element of visual identity to make such Olympic Games successful. This study researches on Olympic emblem based on the fact that emblem is an important visual medium to show national identity. Examples of national identities reflected in the Olympic emblems were reviewed and then categorized by motifs and expression. Trend of such categories has been analyzed from inner-oriented and external-oriented point of view, and characteristics important for those emblems were studied. This study would be able to be used to understand types of national identities reflected in the Olympic emblems, and used as a basic data to effectively establish strategies on national identity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.1 s.25
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• pp.136-145
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• 1989

This study made a descriptive analysis of the cumulative amount and rate of sports medical care utilization during the 24th Seoul Olympic Games by the participating athletes, officials, etc. The sports medical care utilization was a component of the total medical care use and was basically caused by the prevention and treatment of sports injuries. The analytic data were derived from the Olympic Health Management Information System(OHMIS) of the SLOOC and the Korea Athlete Trainer Association(KATA). These were analyzed according to the quantity of physician visits and the utilization rate, which was the amount of utilization divided by the total number of participating persons. The results were as follows: Firstly, the sports medical care utilization by the persons participating in the Seoul Olympics amounted to 17.9% of the total medical care utilization. The venue medical services utilization accounted for 54.7% of the total physician visits, which was larger than the village medical center's utilization. The number of physician visits per hundred persons during the 2 week period in the venue clinic was 3.03 and that of the village medical center was 2.51, therefore, the total was 5.54. Secondly, athletes accounted for 82.3% and officials 12.2% in the sports medical care utilization by participants. These results were because athletes, who were directly related to the games, called extremely often on the physicians. The utilization rate of sports medical care by athletes was 34.29. Thirdly, the sports medical demand according to type of therapy could be ranked from high to low in the following order: sports massage, thermal therapy, and electrical stimulation treatment, etc. The department of physical therapy in the village medical center was used a great deal. Fourthly, the trend of daily sports medical care utilization by the athletes showed a bell shape centering around the opening day of the Seoul Olympic Games. The utilization rate of athletes was 2.3; however, that of officials was 0.6. Lastly, the sports medical demand was calculated according to the continents, and Central America, Africa and Middle-East Asia proved to have a higher rate of sports medical care utilization than the more powerful and industrialized continent or regions.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.9
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• pp.139-163
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• 2002

While the corporate practice of sponsoring major events has existed since the turn of the century, it has only recently become one of the fastest growing areas of advertising and promotion. Despite its long history and recent growth, however, event sponsorship has yet to receive the same kinds of rigorous theoretical and methodological attention that marketing researchers have devoted to other areas of advertising and promotion. Also, the recent Olympic Games in Sydney serve as excellent showcase of the sponsorship phenomenon. On the hand it becomes very clear that an event of such magnitude cannot take place without the commercial support of the sponsors. At the same time, there is a growing concern that the Olympic Games are losing their spirit and are over-commercialized because of the excessive sponsorship-linked marketing activities. At the centre of the debate is the impact and the reaction of the consumers to the growing use of sponsorship to stage major events. While the Olympic Games might be an extreme example of the growth and impact of sponsorship, the proliferation of the phenomenon is widespread across other sports events as well as other cultural and community based events. But a comprehensive model of sponsorship is not currently available in the literature. This research is the aim of the current research to investigate consumer attitude constructs towards sponsorship such as sport involvement, attitude towards the event, attitude towards commercialization. The results still have potentially significant applied and theoretical implication. First, This investigation is the first known effort, grounded in consumer behavior theory, to model antecedent variables believed to influence consumer response to event sponsorship in Korea. Second, these findings are in line with previous research, as sports involvement attitude towards the event, and attitude towards commercialization are found to be significant influences on respondents' ability, motivation and opportunity to process sponsorship information, as well as directly and indirectly impacting emotional response.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

The Youth Olympic Games(YOG) is an international multi-sport event first held in Singapore from August 14 to August 26, 2010. The idea for such an event was introduced by International Olympic Committee(IOC). The Federation of International Gymnastics(2009) designed the Code of Points and regulates for junior gymnastics at this time. The purpose of this study was to give crucial information and adapt to coaches and junior gymnasts at the time of changing code rapidly. For this study, The eight finalists rings exercise at the 1st Youth Olympic Games was recorded using a digital camcoder. The exercise contents analysis of rings was carried out by an experienced international judge using Code of Points(FIG, 2009). The C elements in various difficulties were performed the highest frequency. The elements group I was the most frequently performed in overall difficulties. Moreover, All the gymnasts performed the elements of the Jonasson and Yamawaki in Group I. Therefore, junior gymnasts need to consider Jonasson and Yamawaki elements correctly in elements group I. The 1st ranked ROU(132) gymnast performed high difficulty value for his routine with the highest E score(9.050). The average of D score were 5.125. In the E scores, 8th USA(140) gymnast received the lowest E score of 8.15, 5th MGL(127) gymnasts received the fewer E score of 8.475. Coaches and junior gymnasts should try to increase D score above 5.125 by higher swing elements in Group I and II as well, decrease deduction of elements in exercise contents.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.42
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• pp.37-71
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze developed case of archiving on Mega Sport Event for searching effective method on a documentation of Mega Sport Event. In order to conduct this study, literature review method was using about book, thesis and data of internet homepage for exploring the stage on Mega Sports Event and case of Mega Sports Event record management. The field study was conducted about institute related to Olympic record management institution for analysing Mega Sports Event record management. The result of this study is following: Firstly, 2012London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games's case(The People's Record Project) is useful to ex-ante event phase. Secondly, 2000Sydney Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games's case(Olympic Games Knowledge Management Project) is useful to event operation phase. Thirdly. LA84Foundation's case(Olympic Oral History Project) is useful to ex-post event. The significance of this study which came up with the study result above can be presented as follows. Based on the result of this study, it is assumed that three case for documentation about Mega Sports Event. Lastly, the result of this study was useful to Mega Sports Event record management institution. For the more, it will be conducted to study law of Mega Sport Event record management, humane and Material resource and method related to record management of the Mega Sports Event organizing committee.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.11 s.95
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• pp.20-25
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• 1984

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2018

The Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is a good example of functionalism in integration theories. President Moon Jae-in is extremely lucky to play host to the Winter Olympics. Moon should be particularly happy to have declared the 23rd Winter Games open, because a handful of North Korean athletes marched into the Pyeongchang Stadium as members of a joint team from "Corea," the result of his strenuous efforts to have the North participate in the world festival of sports on snow and ice. But the president of this divided nation hardly draws envy from other world leaders, as he is faced with the daunting task of accommodating the selfish positions of surrounding powers concerning North Korean nuclear and missile threats. North Korea, a trivial competitor in winter sports, scored big outside the games' sporting arenas by inviting President Moon to summit talks in Pyongyang. As a precondition for a 2018 summit, Pyongyang will first ask for the cessation of the annual joint Korea-US military exercises. President Moon invested a lot in the Olympic delegates from the North. Korea's leader will now have to start a truly difficult game which will require the best of best strategies as well as a great deal of wisdom and tenacity not only to deal with the weapons of mass destruction-toting North Koreans, but also with allies. On the other hand, Moon needs to make the effort to reset domestic politics with tolerance and compromise, so he can better concentrate on the conundrum of North Korean nuclear and missile threats.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.94-105
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement plan for a commentary on figure skating in Korea from comparing to NBCSN and MBC's coverage of the 2018 Pyungchang Olympic Games employing both of quantitative and text analysis. Results indicate that NBCSN and MBC's commentary on figure skating have definitely different characteristics in terms of expertise and dramatizing ability. The commentator of MBC frequently used monotonous and repetitive emotional expression and provided incoherent information in very automatic way. Whereas, NBCSN's comments expressed very diverse way on introduction of players, explanation of technique and evaluation, especially on dramatizing ability to contextualize combining players' performance and background information.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to estimate the appropriate storage required for deicing materials in Gangwon-do for successful snow removal operations during the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games. The final estimates of the deicing chemicals can be used by public agencies to aid decision making. METHODS : First, the database that exists in the road snow-removal management system (RSMS) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, South Korea was used to determine historical characteristics of snow removal experiences in Gangwon-do. The database includes historical information, including regional and road weather data and number of snow-removal works. Second, both the maximum and the actual amount of storages used for deicing materials in the past three years were analyzed. Lastly, the final estimates of the deicing materials were evaluated using an additional equation. It considers frequency of salt spray application, total administrative road length estimated by road agencies, and number of days required for snow removal works in Gangwon-do. Consequently, the results show that significant differences were not observed between the final estimates and the maximum amount used during the past three years. RESULTS : The final estimates of the deicing materials are almost similar to the maximum amount used during the past three years in Gangwon-do. CONCLUSIONS : The study shows that the estimates of deicing chemicals can be useful when decision making is required for the snow-removal policy.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 2018

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has been adjudicating on sports-related disputes since 1984. CAS can be regarded as world supreme court for sports settling down about 4200 cases including doping issues. Doping disputes are generally processed by CAS Appeals division and Anti-Doping Division. An appeal against the decision by sports-related bodies may be filed with CAS Appeals Division. Doping issues concerning Olympic games are on Anti-Doping Division, introduced from 2016 Olympic games and invested with complete authority by IOC. The Award of Maria Sharapova finds a player is responsible if found to have committed any Anti-Doping Rule Violation regardless of his/her intention or fault. It offers detailed jurisprudence on imposing such a specific period of ineligibility in view of the totality of the circumstances. The award of Xinyi Chen also confirms the Strict Liability Rule on anti-doping disputes. The player appealed there could be either accidental contamination of drinks, or doping laboratories' mistakes that affected the test results. But, all of them were rejected. Though dealing with doping disputes in a timely manner is important for seasonal sports events like Olympic games, it is necessary to prepare the acceptable and fair process for the players in the future.