• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.174-190
• /
• 1996

Damage assessment based on in situ surveys for oil spills in marine environment is limited by fundamental difficulties as well as tremendous expenses. Except for intertidal zones, the damage is not preserved well. Also such surveys are usually confined to adult organisms. To overcome these limitations a computer model, NRDAM/CME, was developed in the case of USA (Reed et al., 1989), where an acute toxicity data base was used to assess indirect damages through food webs and loss due to recruitment as well as adult losses. In the present study damage assessment of natural biological resources for hypothetical oil spills is attempted using a computer model for hypothetical spills of Bunker C and heavy crude oil. In the model, the logical structure of NRDAM/CME was adopted, and biomass and productivity database were compiled for the Korean waters. The results showed that the damage increased in a nonlinear fashion as the spill amount increased. The magnitude of the damage depended upon the chemical properties of oil viscosity and solubility in particular, which implies that usage of oil dispersant might increase the damage by dispersing oil. The results also indicate that long term damage due to recruitment loss could be greater than short term damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2009

This study tries to give improvement directions of the law of oil spill focusing on the view that satisfying remuneration for victims should be considered. And it looks through the existing remuneration system provided by P&I Club and IOPC Fund. It also covers with issues related to remuneration in order to find the best for victims. The major contents of this study are as follows. First, the present law of compensation security to Marine oil pollution accident should be revised. Maximum value of remuneration needs to be raised and subjects liable to pay reparation need to be expanded. Second, in case the damage is widely different comparing to similar cases in foreign countries, it's hard to get complete remuneration from international corporations responsible for reparation. That's the reason the national emergency system for oil pollution must be established. Third, this study says the law that certainly defines a liability subject and that the liability is not necessarily caused by fault should be enacted. Last, it suggest that victims should have their object income data to facilitate establishment of the law of compensation for damages from marine oil pollution. To calculate proper remuneration, government should consider to choose one of public organizations as an investigator to damages and should collect accurate statistics relating to fishery. Furthermore, compensation system which can provide rapid reparation to victims needs to established by founding professional maritime organization of arbitration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2012

Hebei Spirit Oil Spill that happened in 2007 had prompted the need of revisiting the coastal safety. In response to this, Korea had made an effort to implement VTS in every coastline in the country. There are a lot of theoretical studies on VTS function nowadays, but coastal VTS are less frequently studied. In this paper, performance analysis results and accident prevention activities of Jindo Coastal VTS center were summarized and the Coastal VTS function are investigated. Jindo Coastal VTS covers relatively wide area and various places with various maritime traffic characteristics are the major navigation vessels, which means that it is important to control these vessels. Since the probability of accidents due to human error is relatively high in coastal area due to negligence tendency of crews during coastal area navigation, coastal VTS has to provide sufficient assistance to navigating vessels. Like most harbour VTS, Coastal VTS provides not only main information service, navigational assistance and traffic organization services but also various services related with advanced search-and-rescue assistance, marine national security, maritime crime prevention, oil spill response, traffic services for non-service vessel, and safety supervision for water leisure boats.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.353-359
• /
• 2013

The objectives of this study were to investigate effectiveness of the Compressed Air Jet (CAJ) System for cleaning up shorelines contaminated with crude oils and to examine effects of the system on total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal and microbial community changes before and after remediation of the oil-contaminated shorelines. These data will lead to better understanding of optimized remediation process. About 66% of TPH reduction was observed when the contaminated site was treated with the CAJ System 2, 3, 4, and 5 times. This treatment system was more efficient than the seawater pumping system under similar treatment conditions (by 40%). By the way, little oil degrader communities were observed despite a potential function of the air jet system to stimulate aerobic oil degraders. The apparent low population density of the oil degraders might be as a result of low concentration of TPH as a carbon source and limiting nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. It was proposed that the CAJ System would contribute significantly to removal of residual oils on the shorelines in combination with addition of these limiting nutrients.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.371-381
• /
• 2014

The bioaccumulation of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to sediments artificially contaminated by Iranian Heavy Crude Oil was measured and the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) was estimated through laboratory experiments. The proportion of 16 PAHs accumulated in the tissue of R. philippinarum was only from 3 to 7% of total PAHs. Among 16 PAHs, the concentration of naphthalene was highest in the tissue. Alkylated PAHs were highly accumulated more than 93% of total PAHs. The C3 dibenzothiophene was most highly accumulated. The relative composition of alkylated naphthalenes in the tissue of R. philippinarum was lower than in the sediments. In contrast, those of alkylated compounds of fluorenes, phenanthrenes, dibenzothiophenes were higher in the tissue than the sediments. The BSAF for sum of 16 PAHs was 0.11 to 0.13 g carbon/g lipid and that for alkylated PAHs was 0.05 to 0.06 g carbon/g lipid. Naphthalene showed the highest BSAF value. Alkylated PAHs with the same parent compound, BSAF tended to increase with the number of alkylated branch increased, except for alkylated chrysenes. BSAF of total PAHs lies between that of field-based values, and are also similar to those of other persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, DDTs, HCHs). This study provides the BSAF values of individual alkylated PAHs accumulated in R. philippinarum for the first time and will be used as a basis for further understanding the bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in the marine benthic organisms.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.75-106
• /
• 2007

In this study, it is analyzed whether oil price plays a major role in the pricing return on Koran stock market and examined why the covariance risk between oil and return on stock is different in each industry. Firstly, this study explores whether the expected rate of return on stock is pricing due to global oil price factors as a function of risk premium by using a two-factor APT. Also, it is examined whether spill-over effects of oil price volatility affect the beta risk to oil price. Considering the asymmetry of oil price volatility, we use the GJR model. As a result, it shows that oil price is an independent pricing factor and oil price volatility transmits to stock return in only electricity and electrical equipment. Secondly, the two step-analyzing process is introduced to find why the covariance between oil price factor and stock return is different in each industry. The first step is to study whether beta risk exists in each industry by using two proxy variables like size and liquidity as control variables. The second step is to grasp the systematic relationship between the difference of liquidity and size and beta to oil price factor by using the panel-data model which can be analyzed efficiently using the cross-sectional data formed with time series. Through the analysis, we can argue that oil price factor is an independent pricing factor in only electricity and electrical equipment having the greatest market capitalization, and know that beta risk to oil price factor is a proxy of size in the other industries. According to the result of panel-data model, it is argued that the beta to oil price factor augments when market capitalization increases and this fact supports the first assertion. In conclusion, the expected rate of return of electricity and electrical equipment works as a function of risk premium to market portfolio and oil price, and the reason to make beta risk power differentiated in each industry attributes to the size.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2014

To understand the degradation processes of organic matter related to sulfate reduction by Sulfate Reduction Bacteria (SRB) in the tidal flat sediments of Hwang-do and Sogeun-ri, Tae-an Peninsula in Chungnam-do, biogeochemical characteristics were analyzed and highlighted using specific microbial biomarkers. The organic geochemical parameters (TOC, ${\delta}^{13}C_{org}$, C/N ratio, long-chain-n-alkane) indicate that most of the organic matter has been derived from marine phytoplankton and bacteria in the fine-grained sediment of Sogeun-ri, although terrestrial plant components have occasionally been incorporated to a significant degree in the coarse-grained sediment of Hwang-do. The concentration of sulfate in pore water is a constant tendency with regard to depth profile, while methane concentration appears to be slightly different with regard to depth profile at the two sites. Especially, the sum of bacteria fatty acid (a-C15:0 + i-C15:0 + C16:1w5) confirms that the these concentrations in Sogeun-ri are related to the degradation of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) compounds from the crude oil retained in the sediments as a result of the Hebei Spirit oil-spill accident in 2007. The methane-related microbial communities as shown by lipid biomarkers (crocetane, PMI) are larger in some sedimentary sections of Hwang-do than in the Sogeunri tidal flat. These findings suggest that methane production by microbiological processes is clearly governed by SRB activity along the vertical succession in organic-enriched tidal flats.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2000

A two-dimensional numerical method for inviscid two-fluid flows with a significant entrainment into both directions is established, and the oil leakage from a non-pressurized underwater pipe is studied. The interface between two fluids is modeled at a vortex sheet. The flow field and the subsequent interface evolution are solved by using the vortex-in-cell method. For longer flow simulation with a realistic two fluids interaction, an efficient merging scheme is introduced. In the Boussinesq limit, the speed of the external fluid intrusion into the pipe is very close to the existing mathematical models, and the lock exchange is observed in spite of a significant roll-up of the interface and entrainments. It is believed that the developed method can be utilized effectively for further detailed studies on various two-fluid flows which are encountered in many different marine oil spill problems.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.10
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2017

Drifter is an equipment for observing the characteristics of seawater in the ocean, and it can be used to predict effluent oil diffusion and to observe ocean currents. In this paper, we design models or the prediction of drifter trajectory using machine learning. We propose methods for estimating the trajectory of drifter using support vector regression, radial basis function network, Gaussian process, multilayer perceptron, and recurrent neural network. When the propose mothods were compared with the existing MOHID numerical model, performance was improve on three of the four cases. In particular, LSTM, the best performed method, showed the imporvement by 47.59% Future work will improve the accuracy by weighting using bagging and boosting.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The Taean oil spill in 2007 taught us a great lesson and is a representative example of a social disaster. It was overcome through the dazzling dedication and service of volunteers. However, behind the volunteers, they were directly or indirectly exposed to the spilled oil, resulting in health problems such as headaches and safety accidents. Safety accidents were caused by unsafe behavior, and unsafe behavior was caused by lack of safety awareness or ignorance. We want to find an education and training program to systematically raise safety awareness for volunteers in connection with the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Method: The occupational safety and health law, the laws related to coastal clean-up, and the unsafe behavior factors in the statistics of occupational accidents in the past year were mainly identified. Result: The contents of education and training hours to be provided for volunteers involved in coastal clean-up were presented in comparison with workers under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Conclusion: Safety and health education for volunteers and volunteer managers is directly related to safety awareness and can prevent unsafe behavior.