• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.486-490
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• 2014

In our country, which imports 97% of the energy consumed, an energy saving policy is required. The price inflation of utility bills is caused by a steep rise in the prices of imported oil. This study aims to solve the difficulties that cause poor environmental conditions for workers in the energy services sector, and especially, to systematize energy consumption reports to manage energy goals by suggesting an example of written energy-saving reports. To this end, this research focuses on energy consumption of target facilities including office spaces in a main building and multi-use facilities of an office building. A system where all employees can participate is structured through the analysis of energy usage in the target buildings.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.640-656
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• 2005

A chronic depression in the Korean economy, which depends mostly on imported oil, has been attributed partly to rising crude oil prices recently. Against the backdrop of these realities in Korea, Azerbaijan in the Caspian region, with vast oil and gas deposits, has been greeted enviously by some Koreans. Many transition economies, especially on the Caspian region trumpeted by the oil boom, however, are rich in natural resources, but the benefits of those resources are appropriated by the local elite in collusion with foreign companies. Azerbaijan, in particular, is dominated by a series of internal and external patronage networks. Foreign capital nourishes those networks surrounding President Aliev. Thus, the case of Azerbaijan shows that resource rents in the transition economies sometimes do not help in improving the living conditions of ordinary people. Rather rich resource rents turn out to be a major impediment to the emerging development of the transition economy, lessening the incentives to reform in the country. The result was the possibility of the so-called Dutch Disease, in which disproportionate growth in a certain energy sector tends to crowd out investment in other sectors of the economy.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 2021

Natural gas consumption in Asia is growing at fast tempo because of various factors such as economic growth in the region, urbanization, coal-to-gas switch at power and industry sector. Due to geographical characteristics and lack of international pipeline connections between countries in the continent, majority of natural gas exported to Asian consumers is transported by tankers on the sea in the form of liquefied natural gas. As Asian market is the most lucrative market with the fastest demand growth, the competitions between LNG sellers for market share in Asian market are strengthening. The competitions accelerated, especially after the introduction of large volume of incremental supply into the market by new exporters from the U.S., Australia, and Russia. Cheniere Energy, the first exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the lower 48 states of U.S. has not adopted the traditional price formation mechanism and business model. Traditionally, prices of long-term LNG contracts have been indexed to the price of competing fuels, such as crude oil. The company adopted a pricing mechanism and business model based on a cost-plus system. Cheniere Energy opted for the safer and the risk-free pricing system, that annually guarantees a fixed amount of revenue to the seller. The company earns the same amount of money, regardless of natural gas price dynamics in the domestic and international market, but possibly with less revenue. However, by introducing and successfully implementing the safer and risk- free business model, Cheniere Energy, a company of a relatively smaller size in comparison with major oil and gas companies, became an example to other smaller-sized companies in the U.S. The company's business model demonstrated how to enter and operate LNG business amid increasing competitions among sellers in the U.S. and international market.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2009

As one of the alternative solution for energy and environmental issues such as climate change, energy security, oil price, etc., hydrogen energy has been getting so much attentions these days. This paper analyzed the $CO_2$ emission, costs, and energy consumptions when the hydrogen energy was introduced to transportation, specifically in Sedan sector using the energy system model, MARKAL. As results, 21.5% of $CO_2$ emission in 2040 could be reduced and additional 76 billion dollars will be needed in the high energy price scenario. The amount of energy saving mainly due to the replacement of existing car to hydrogen vehicle was 16% of the final energy consumption in 2040.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.230-238
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• 2009

We study about small gas engine and fuel cell CHP (Combined Heat and Power) as the technologies for energy conservation and $CO_2$ emissions reduction. Korea government plans to use them in near future. This study quantitatively analyzed energy consumption and $CO_2$ emissions reduction potential of small CHP instead of existing electric power plant (coal steam, combined cycle and oil steam) using LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system) as energy-economic model. Three future scenarios are discussed. In every scenario similar condition for each CHP is used. Alternative scenario I: about 6.34% reduction in $CO_2$ emissions is observed in 2019 due to increase in amount of gas engine CHP and fuel cell CHP while coal use in thermoelectric power plant is almost stagnant. In alternative scenario II: a small 0.8% increase in $CO_2$ emission is observed in 2019 keeping conditions similar to alternative scenario I but using natural gas in combined cycle power plant instead of coal. During alternative scenario II overall $CO_2$ emission reduction is observed in 2019 due to added heat production from CHP. Alternative scenario III: about 0.8% reduction in $CO_2$ emissions is observed in 2019 using similar CHP as AS I and AS II. Here coal and oil are used in thermoelectric power plant but the quantity of oil and coal is almost constant for next decade.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.407-416
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• 2016

The offshore plant industry has basically functioned with a rigid teamwork culture and many operations are managed by ship's crew, shifts and affiliates together. The marine sector of offshore plant has much similarity with ship's environment. So a person who had experienced on board will have advantages to work for offshore industry. But in spite of all that, only a few korean seafarers are able to join in the offshore industry due to lack of information about the offshore environment. This study analyze the employee's wage structure, nature of employment contract, requirements of job qualifications. Therefore, this study will assist for seafarers to set up how to get their work and also suggest to develop relevant offshore training courses by researching the gap competency matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2008

The inter-industrial inducement effects of the korean railway services on the output, value-added, imports of the 403 industrial sectors of the korean economy have been computed by the input-output analysis technique utilizing the 2003 Input-Output Tables, which was published most recently in April 2007 by the Bank of Korea. The korean railway service industry produced \2,766 billion worth of passenger and freight railroad services in the 2003 year, and it has induced \1,701 billion worth of output, \781 billion worth of value-added, and \580 billion worth of imports of the korean industry as a whole. The energy sector industries such as diesel fuel, thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, crude oil, liquid natural gas, bituminous coal, liquid propane gas have been most affected by the korean railway services. Other industries mainly affected by the korean railway services include railroad car manufacturing, cleaning and decontamination, medical and health service, machinery equipment and rental, construction and maintenance, transportation related services, business R&D, property insurance, and telecommunication.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.609-628
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• 2015

Thie study presents the biomass-derived jet (bio-jet) fuel production technologies for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction in aviation sector. The aviation sector is responsible for the 2% of the world anthropogenic $CO_2$ emissions and the 10% of the fuel consumption: airlines' costs for fuel reach 30% of operating costs. In addition, the aviation traffic is expected to double within 15 years from 2012, while fuel consumption and $CO_2$ emissions should double in 25 years. Biojet fuels have been claimed to be one of the most promising and strategic solutions to mitigate aviation emissions. This jet fuel, additionally, must meet ASTM International specifications and potentially be a100% drop-in replacement for current petroleum jet fuel. In this study, the current technologies for producing renewable jet fuels, categorized by alcohols-to-jet, oil-to-jet, syngas-to-jet, and sugar-to-jet pathways are reviewed for process, economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) on conversion pathways to bio-jet fuel.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.519-547
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• 2017

This paper explores whether it is better to forecast city gas demand in Korea using national level data directly or, alternatively, construct forecasts from regional demand models and then aggregate these regional forecasts. In the regional model, we consider gas demand for Seoul metropolitan and the other local areas. Our forecast evaluation exercise for 2013-2016 shows the regional forecast model generally outperforms the national forecasting model. This result comes from the fact that the dynamic properties of each region's gas demands can be better taken into account in the regional demand model. More specifically, the share of residential gas demand in the Seoul metropolitan area is above 50%, and subsequently this demand is heavily influenced by temperature fluctuations. Conversely, the dominant portion of regional gas demand is due to industrial gas consumption. Moreover, electricity is regarded as a substitute for city gas in the residential sector, and industrial gas competes with certain oil products. Our empirical results show that a regional demand forecast model can be an effective alternative to the demand model based on nation-wide gas consumption and that regional information about gas demand is also useful for analyzing sectoral gas consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

In this study, we constructed a process simulation model for an agricultural by-products based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) combined heat and power generation system as part of the introduction of technology for energy self-sufficiency in the agricultural sector. The aim was to reduce the burden of increasing fuel and electricity consumption due to rapid fluctuations in international oil prices and the expansion of smart farming in domestic farms, while contributing to the national greenhouse gas reduction goals. Based on the experimental results of 0.3 ton/day torrefied agricultural by-product gasification experiment, a model for an agricultural by-product-based SOFC cogeneration system was constructed, and optimization of the heat exchange network was conducted for SOFC capacities ranging from 4 to 20 kW. The results indicated that an 8 kW agricultural by-product-based SOFC cogeneration system was optimal under the current system conditions. It is anticipated that these research findings can serve as foundational data for future commercial facility design.