• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relevance between refractive and anatomical changes temporarily on the eyes after alcohol ingestion. Methods: Eight subjects (16 eyes) which were $24.5{\pm}1.5$ aged males drunk the alcohol of 0.42 g per kg of body weight within 30 minutes. Refractive errors, the radius of corneal curvature, corneal thickness, pupillary size, intraocular pressure, and the length of the ocular axis at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h after alcohol ingestion were compared with them of non-alcoholic state. Results: At 1 h after alcohol ingestion, breath alcohol concentration was the highest (p<0.001), more negative spherical power was needed (p<0.05) for correction, pupillary diameter was decreased (p<0.05), intraocular pressure was decreased (p<0.001), and the length of the ocular axis was increased compared with each one of non-alcoholic state. At 4 h after alcohol ingestion, all anatomical changes were the same tendency as at 1 h after alcohol ingestion. But at 24 h after alcohol ingestion, both refractive changes and anatomical changes were not significant compared with them of non-alcoholic state. Conclusions: Temporary changes of refractive error after alcohol ingestion may be related with decrease of intraocular pressure and increase of the length of ocular axis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 1999

To investigate the visual acuity of the women middle and high school students, the visual acuity test was performed the object and subject methods. The results were as follows; 1. The eye types were 96.7% positive for myopia, 2.5% for emmetropia, and 0.8% for hyperopia, respectively. 2. The abnormal refraction eyes were 61% positive for simple myopia, 35.2% for myopitic compound astigmatism, 3% for myopic simple astigmatism, and 0.8% for simple presbyopia, respectively. 3. The asix of astigmatism were 95% positive for irregular astigmatism axis, 3% for regular astigmatism axis, and 2% for oblique astigmatism axis, respectively. 4. On the total myopic spheric power, the -0.50

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.285-290
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to compare the status of eyesight according to the change of astigmatism axis in myopic astigmatism and to minimize errors in making astigmatic glasses based on accurate optometry and prescription. The subjects were 93 males and females(186 eyes) who have myopic astigmatism without any ocular disease or systemic disease. We performed comparative analysis on the status of visual acuity according to the change of astigmatism axis to 5, 10 and 15 degree in corrected eyesight 1.0. The direct astigmatism was the most common astigmatism type among the 186 eyes. After all subjects were perfectly corrected into 1.0, the change of astigmatism axis affected eyesight; The results suggested that the more change was made in astigmatism axis, the worse their eyesight would become. The main astigmatism type was changed from direct astigmatism to inverse astigmatism as age increased. The change of the astigmatism axis resulted in failing of corrected eyesight. Therefore, the convergence of examination and correction for astigmatism strength and axis is necessary when conducting refraction inspection for astigmatism.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

This study was performed to survey the exchange of frames on 83 persons. We investigated frame size, frame type, binocular prism effect etc. 80.4% among motives of frame-exchanges was a damage or corrosion. The type of frames was round-like 62.4% and 37.6% square-like. The size of frames was $49{\Box}18$ and vertical length 33mm on old-frames, $47{\Box}17$ and 31mm on new-frames. The scope of axis variation was average +3.20~3.80. According to estimation by the rule of RAL-RG 915, the inappropriate horizontal prism effect of new spectacles was 42.2%, more than 38.5% on old spectacles. The inappropriate vertical prism effect was 24.1% on old, 33.7% on new spectacles.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1995

Effect of cadmium on the early amphibian development was analyzed through FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus). Embryos manifested concentration-dependent mortality and realformations; shortage of anterior-posterior axis gut realformation, ocular anomalies, bent notochord, misshapen dorsal fin, and derreal blisters. The treatment with 1.5ppm cadmium solution caused 100% mortality and concentration of lppm did not kill the embryos that caused 100% anomaly. The teratogenic index (TI = LC50 /EC50) was 2.8 indicating that $CdCl_2$ is teratogenic for Xenopus laevis. Embryos that were pulsetreated with at early to late blastula stage (St. 3-9) and mid to late blastula stage (St. 6-10) showed relatively strong resistance to cadmium, but the embryos treated at gastrula stage (St. 10-13) showed high mortality. And the embryos treated at tailbud stage (after St. 25) showed highest mortality of any other early stages. Effects of temperature were studied through pulse- treatment during gastrula stage at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The embryos treated with 7.5ppm at $30^{\circ}C$ and 15ppm at $20^{\circ}C$ caused 100% mortality respectively, indicating that higher temperature had more severe toxic effect. One of the most peculiar effect of cadmium at gastrulation was distortion of the tail. The probable cause of toxic effect of Cd was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-295
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of under and over refractive correction on visual acuity performance and the variation of the visual performance measurement using two different visual acuity charts. Methods: Ten young adults, aged between 19 and 25 years old, were recruited. Inclusion criteria: no history of ocular injury or pathology with a best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6 on dominant eye. The over and under refractive corrections were induced using minus and plus spherical ophthalmic lenses in 0.50 D steps up to 3.00 D; as well as using three axis orientations of cylindrical ophthalmic lenses ($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$) in 0.50 D steps. The variation of visual acuity performance measurements was investigated using Bailey-Lovie LogMAR chart and Landolt C chart. Results: The visual acuity changes with lenses were significantly different between two charts [F = 49.15, p < 0.05 with plus spherical ophthalmic lenses and F = 174.38, p < 0.05 with minus spherical ophthalmic lenses]. The visual acuity changes with three different cylindrical axis showed no significant difference between Bailey-Lovie LogMAR chart [F = 2.35, p > 0.05] and Landolt C chart [F = 3.12, p = 0.05]. Conclusions: The over and under refractive correction affected the visual acuity performance differently. The Landolt C chart and Bailey-Lovie LogMAR chart demonstrated variation in measurements.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1999

To have a fine understand the refractive error eye of Korean adult male, This study was researched visual acuity test using objuctive and subjective methods. The results are as follows: 1. The eye types were 93.3% positive for myopia, 5.4% for emmetropia, and 1.7 forhyperopia, respectively. 2. The refractive error eye was positive for compound myoptic astigmatism for a percntage of 62.6%, simple myopia(32.4%), simple myoptic astigmatism(1.6%), simple hyperopia(l.4%) simple hyperopia astigmatism(0.5%), and mixed astigmatism(1.6%). 3. The axis of astigmatism was 59.7% for regular astigmatism, 25.3% for oblique astigmatism, and 15% for reverse regular astigmatism, respectively. 4. on the total myoptic spheric power, the -2.00

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 1998

In the midfacial fracture, the orbital region presents many additional complication unique to the orbit. Among them are ectropion, entropion, lid ptosis, injury to the lacrimal apparatus, diplopia or the late development of enophthalmos. The residual problem confronting the surgen is usually enophthalmos or diplopia. Enophthalmos becomes cosmetically obvious at 3mm and if more severe it can interfere with vision from obstruction by the orbital rim. In this clinical situation, many patients prefer the simpler intraorbital volume expansion to the more complex orbital osteotomy. In general, except in mild cases of enophthalmos, the procedure of choice is osteotomy and repositioning for zygoma fracture and volume augmentation for blow-out fracture. Late treatment is performed by volume augmentation based on the CT findings behind the axis of the globe. Inferiorly placed grafts elevate the globe, posterior superior grafts move the globe anterior and medially positioned grafts push the globe laterally. In this two cases, the patients who has stable orbitozygomatic rim, the use of calvarial bone grafts more than 3 areas around intraorbital content, we corrected late enophthalmos combined with diplopia. As result, the first patient had 2mm advance in exophthalmometric check with improvement of the diplopia gradually. The second patient had 1.5mm advance with correction of vertical ocular dystopia and cosmetically good results respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07b
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• pp.1027-1030
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develop systematic diagnostic system testing easily, rapidly vestibular function of patients suffered from vestibular syndrome such as nausea vomiting, dizzness, ataxia. Diagnostic system composed of rotatory chair system which rotated sinusoidally patients against their vertical axis for purpose of invoking eye movement by vestibulo-ocular reflex and the softwares which storaged eye movement into computer and analyzed eye movement. Rotatory chair system consisted of comfortable chair and DC servomotor with reducer(1:80) by controlled servo in field of nonlinear motor control, double feedback loops system containing velocity feedback loop and position feedback loop was applied to this sever controlled rotatory chair system. Maximum rotatory velocity of rotatory chair was upto 60 degree per second and frequency range was 0.01 to 0.64 Hz. These above results suggest that clinical rotatory chair system may test easily, rapidly vestibular function and diagnose etiology of dizziness, thus giving effective assistance on the treatment of dizziness patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.344-347
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• 2012

Bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmus(BCSE) is an eye disorder affecting many cattle breeds worldwide. BCSE is the most common in cattle at various types of strabismus. Divergent strabismus is of relatively low incidence than convergent strabismus. This report is the to shown a case of convergent and divergent strabismus with unilateral in the exophthalmus in a heifer Holstein cow. A female Holstein calf born with congenital progressive divergent strabismus in right eye and convergent strabismus in left eye was tested. Ocular and blood examination, and activity were checked from the first week, 8 month, and 16 month after birth. The ocular examination includes general inspection, fixation reflex and menace response. The general inspection is checking the degree of deviation of both eyes from the normal visual axis, which was determined by the amount of sclera permanently visible in the temporal corner of the eye. The stage is divided into 4 stages depending on the degree of deviation. The right eye shown in stage 4 continues after birth and the left eye shown stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4 at 1 week, 8 month and 16 month after birth, respectively. In fixation reflex and Menace response, both eye balls showed a normal response at 1 week, 8 month and 16 month after birth. Blood count and serum chemistry test were performed, but a specific factor was not detected outside the reference range.