• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.625-632
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• 2023

최근 안전에 대한 사회적 관심의 증가로 인해 정부는 중대재해처벌법 시행, 중대재해 저감 로드맵 구축 등의 다양한 노력을 하고 있다. 특히, 50인 미만 사업장, 공사금액 1억 미만 공사현장 등의 소규모 사업장에서는 업무상 사고 재해의 80%이상 발생하고 있으며 이를 저감하기 위한 실질적인 노력이 필요한 실정이다. 소규모 사업장에서는 안전보건관리자 선임, 안전보건 관리 규정 등이 전부 또는 부분적으로 제외된 상태로 이를 보완하고자 재해예방전문기관의 기술지도를 의무적으로 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소규모 사업장 안전보건기술지원사업의 안전, 화학, 보건, 건설 등의 분야별 문제점을 설문조사를 통해 파악하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2023

Objectives: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an essential means for protecting workers against hazardous agents or risks that threaten their safety and health. Governmental organizations related to safety and health in the workplace regulate the PPE rules to protect workers and to minimize damage from hazardous agents. This study discussed current PPE rules overseen by the Korea Ministry of Environment and explores future perspectives on the matter. Methods: This study was based on a review of PPE regulations with which every stakeholder should comply in the workplace. Both South Korean regulations enforced by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Environment and cases from other countries were reviewed. Results: Regulations related to the PPE required for handling chemical substances in the workplace are enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Enforcement Decree, Enforcement Rules, and Notification of Protective Equipment Certification under the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The Ministry of Environment also regulates the PPE standards for 97 substances requiring preparation for accidents and adjustment of work conditions, but a recent amendment (partially amended on September 30, 2022) loosened some unreasonable or excessive provisions. It requires workers simply to carry or otherwise keep PPE handy instead of wearing it for some tasks in which hazardous chemicals are not handled directly. Conclusions: It is important to regularly review provisions that need to be improved or supplemented to help all stakeholders. Considerations should be also made to build a reasonable regulatory system that can induce more mature safety management in each workplace.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Pest control is required for protecting the food supply and for controlling disease vectors. Unfortunately, there is no perfectly safe form of pest control. Pesticides are commonly used for pest control. Pesticides are defined under the US Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA) as any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant(40 CFR Part 152). Currently in the United States, there are 890 active ingredients registered as pesticides. Approximately one billion pounds of active ingredient are used in the US per year. Unlike most chemicals(anti-neoplastic and anti-micobial medications are the principal exceptions), pesticides are specifically designed to kill and cause harm. Because society allows these chemicals to be disseminated into the environment, it is important to monitor the health effects associated with these releases. This represents an important justification for establishing and maintaining surveillance systems for acute pesticide-related illness and injury. A comprehensive, national surveillance system for acute pesticide-related illness and injury does not currently exist in the US. Although the United States has several surveillance systems for this condition, none provide a complete understanding of the problem of acute pesticide-related illness and injury. The Toxic Exposure Surveillance System(TESS) and Bureau of Labor Statisitics(BLS) are useful for assessing magnitude and trends. The state-based surveillance systems are more useful for timely identification of outbreaks and emerging problems. Efforts are underway to increase the number of states that conduct surveillance, and to broaden the use of the standardized case definition to facilitate aggregation of data across states. Through such efforts, a comprehensive, national surveillance system may be attainable.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to suggest how to re-establish criterion for toxic substances under the Chemical Control Act (CCA) in South Korea by comparing the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals) score and toxic properties. Methods: Toxic substances were classified into seven groups (Acute toxicity (1A), Chronic toxicity (2C), Environmental hazards (3E), Acute toxicity & chronic toxicity (4AC), Chronic toxicity & environmental hazards (5CE), Acute toxicity & environmental hazards (6AE), and Acute toxicity & chronic toxicity & environmental hazards (7ACE)) according to their toxic properties. The GHS score was calculated to sum up five toxicity indicators (health acute toxicity, health repeated toxicity, carcinogenicity, health other chronic toxicity and environmental hazards). Results: The GHS score of 7ACE was higher by 7 times that of 1A. 1A is the only group which has lower than the total GHS score. The highest score was 47, for sodium chromate (CAS no. 7775-11-3), which belongs to group 7ACE. This is classified as acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, and acute and chronic environmental hazard. On the other hand, the lowest score was 2.75, which was assigned to 177 chemicals belonging to group 1A. When the health acute toxicity indicator was omitted from the toxic criterion, toxic substances could be divided into the sub-groups 'human chronic hazards group' (HCG) and 'environmental hazards group' (EG) according to their GHS score and properties. Conclusions: The proposed criterion for toxic substances is to establish sub-groups defined as HCG and EG for separate control and that the 1A group be moved to substances requiring preparation for accidents under the CCA.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2016

Recently, as Korean industrial structure is moving to the service job, the number of workers engaged in the service job is increasing slowly. According to the statistics by Ministry of Employment and Labor announced in June, 2013, the number of service job workers in Korea was 7,477,135 which accounted for 48.4% of total workers. The trend of this service job is expected to increase continuously in the future. According to the 2013 statistics by Ministry of Employment and Labor, the number of industrial accidents victims of industrial accidents in the service job was 30,526 which was the biggest number among the entire businesses. The victims in the service job accounted for 33.2% among the total number of industrial accidents and represented more than those in the manufacture and construction industry. The service job had various works and employment patterns and most service jobs are petty and are small-sized establishments and it is difficult to try voluntarily to prevent the industrial accidents. However, Korean occupational safety and health act was enacted in accordance with the construction and manufacture in which industrial accidents occurred frequently in the past. The support of the government for the industrial accident prevention is focused on the construction and manufacture. Therefore, the current service job is placed on the blind spot of the safety management. Raising the safety awareness of workers through the safety education is the most important in order to prevent the industrial accidents of the service job with many conventional/repeated disasters such as the conduction by a simple mistake. Accordingly, this study analyzed the features and accidents of the domestic service jobs through the literature survey and analyzed the institutional devices for the safety management of the domestic service job, and the safety management cases of foreign service jobs and compared with domestic systems. Considering demands for the basic safety education for service job workers, a questionnaire was conducted targeting the service job workers and the execution plan of the basic safety & health education targeting the service job workers was carried out through the brainstorming of trainers of worker in the service job.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed in order to compare the average levels and similarity of occupational exposure limits in South Korea, the U.S., the E.U., Germany, Japan and Finland. Methods: In this study, occupational exposure limits (OELs) for one hundred and seventy seven hazardous substances which are managed in the workplace by the Occupational Safety and Health Act in South Korea were matched with those of other countries. The units for the exposure limits of the same substance (identical CAS number) were unified and the exposure limits in each country were compared with threshold limit values (TLVs) of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) using a geometric mean method. Geometric similarity was calculated to assess the association by each country. Results: The exposure limits according to ACGIH TLVs in South Korea, the E.U., Germany, Japan, and Finland were 148, 37, 76, 90, and 110, respectively. When using TLVs of ACGIH as a standard, the geometric mean ratios of Germany, Finland, the E.U., South Korea, and Japan were 0.79, 0.80, 0.82, 1.19, and 1.27, respectively. Geometric similarity with TLVs of ACGIH was highest in South Korea (0.75) followed by Japan (0.56), the E.U. (0.52), Finland (0.50), and Germany (0.46). Conclusions: Through the comparison of levels of OELs and similarities among South Korea, the U.S., the E.U., Germany, Japan, and Finland, we could better understand the characteristics of occupational exposure limits by country.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.340-349
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• 2022

Objectives: The importance of MSDS is emphasized for communicating hazardous information due to the increase in the types and usage of chemical substances. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability of MSDS by collecting and examining paint thinners commercially available in South Korea. Methods: Twenty-five paint thinners were purchased at paint stores and the provision of MSDS was checked. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the chemical constituents of the thinners using GC-MSD and GC-FID. Reliability was evaluated by the MSDS collection rate for the paint thinners and calculating the rate of matching between laboratory analysis results and the contents and composition of chemical constituents given in the MSDS. Results: Unlike a study conducted in 2006, MSDS were provided for all 25 thinners. As a result of qualitative analysis using GC-MSD, 104 chemical substances were detected. The substances with the highest detection rate were identified in the order of toluene, butyl acetate, acetone, xylene, and ethyl benzene. A component matching rate of 41% was found by comparing the differences between the number of substances detected in laboratory testing and the number of substances listed in the MSDS. Benzene, a carcinogen not listed in the MSDS, was detected in two thinners produced by a small company. The detected benzene contents were 0.039 and 0.040%. When benzene is used, it should be strictly handled according to the Industrial Safety and Health Act. However, since it is not listed on the MSDS, it is judged that benzene was not being managed as a carcinogen in the workplaces where it is used. Conclusions: Since the reliability of MSDS, which play an important role in hazard communication, was evaluated to be low, it is necessary to systematically and continuously secure this reliability. In particular, carcinogens should be managed more strictly.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2017

건설공사는 제조업과는 달리 공사가 시작되어 종료될 때 까지 재해위험도가 일정하지 않고 공사단계에 따라 큰 변화가 있다. 건설업 산업안전보건관리비 계상 및 사용기준은 그동안 건설업의 안전문화 정착과 재해율 저감에 적지 않은 기여를 해왔으나, 현행 기준은 건설공사의 재해위험도 특성에 비해볼 때 이미 중대재해발생위험시기가 지난 이후에 뒤늦게 사용하게 되는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구는 건설공사의 공사단계별로 재해위험도에 대한 분석을 통하여 공사단계별 재해발생위험도와 안전관리비 사용기기 산출방식을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 진행하였다. 이를 위하여 1439건의 국내 중대재해사례를 분석하여 공사단계별 중대재해발생확률을 산출하였으며, 공정특성에 따른 적정 산업안전보건관리비의 적정 사용일정을 도출하는 방식을 제안하였다. 도출된 방식에 의해 산정된 산업안전보건관리비 사용일정을 현행 기준과 비교한 결과 최소 20%p 이상 앞서서 사용해야만 재해위험도에 따른 적절한 선행적 조치가 가능할 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2019

건설업은 국내 산업 중 안전사고가 가장 많이 발생한다. 건설업의 재해는 막대한 재산손실과 인명피해로 인한 사회적 문제로 이어지기 때문에 더 각별한 주의를 기울여야 한다. 최근 이로 인해 건설업에서 발생하는 재해에 대한 경각심이 높아지고 있으며 정부 각 부처에서는 안전관리에 관한 규정을 강화하고 있다. 특히 산업안전보건공단에서는 이번 산업안전보건법 전부개정안에서 보호대상의 확대와 책임 소재의 명확화에 중점을 두고 있다. 이에 따라 발주자 책임강화에 따른 건설사업관리자 선정 시 안전을 고려하는 요인 중심으로 분석한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 먼저, 성장하고 있는 건설사업관리 시장에 비해 증가하고 있는 건설재해에 대한 저감 대책 중 하나인 산업안전보건법 전부개정법률을 참고하였고, 다양한 건설사업의 특성과 안전 요인을 고려하지 않은 획일화된 건설사업관리용역업자 사업수행능력 평가기준을 개선하기 위해, 발주자의 입장에서 건설사업관리자를 선정할 때 안전에 대한 항목을 참고할 수 있도록 관련 요인을 도출하고 중요도를 분석해 새로운 평가의 기준점을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 법령, 국내 논문 및 문헌, 해외 사례 등을 바탕으로 기존 연구와 문헌을 고찰하고, 전문가 면담을 통해 항목을 선정하였다. 선정된 항목은 4가지 상위요인 그룹으로 분류하여 총 19가지의 하위요인으로 정리하여 공공기관 및 민간사업 잘주처 관계자 및 건설사업관리업 종사자, 안전관리자에게 쌍대비교설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 설문조사 결과 데이터를 바탕으로 계층 분석적 방법인 AHP기법을 활용하여 상대적 중요도를 비교하고 우선순위를 분석해 최종적으로 안전을 고려한 건설사업관리 사업수행능력 평가기준에 필요한 요인을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 발주자 입장에서 건설사업관리자를 선정함에 있어 안전관리 요인을 고려할 수 있도록 도움이 되고 건설 산업 전체의 재해 저감에 기여할 수 있는 기초적인 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.389-390
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• 2022

최근 국제 교역량 증가와 비대면 사회 기조에 따른 물동량 폭증은 항만산업 내 위험 노출 및 안전사고 증가로 이어지고 있다. 이와 함께 2021년 1월 27일부터 중대재해처벌법이 시행되면서 항만터미널 내 안전 및 생명을 보호하는 각종 지침과 법안들이 제정되고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 항만터미널산업 내 중대형 안전사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 한국산업안전보건공단에 따르면 2016년부터 2019년 동안 항만하역업의 재해자수는 4.2%씩 증가하였다. 항만 사고의 효율적인 사후관리나 관련 안전 법/제도의 마련을 위해서는 일차적으로 사고 원인과 피해를 고려한 위험도 분석이 진행되어야 현실적인 사고 저감방안과 방지대책을 수립할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2016년부터 2022년까지 5년간 한국산업안전보건공단에서 집계된 항만터미널 사고사례 1,039건을 바탕으로 위험성 평가를 진행하여 주요 위험요인 및 예방대책을 도출하였다. 이후 IPA분석과 Borich 요구도 분석, The Locus for Focus 분석을 통해 예방대책에 대한 우선순위를 결정하였다.