• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

Background: The options for stabilization appliance therapy for masticatory muscle pain include soft occlusal and hard stabilization appliances. A previous study suggested that hard stabilization appliance therapy was effective for patients with local myalgia who developed long facets on their occlusal appliances. The objective of this study was to identify patients in whom a soft occlusal appliance should be used to treat masticatory muscle pain by analyzing the type of muscle pain present and patient factors that influenced the effectiveness of this treatment. Methods: The study included 42 patients diagnosed with local myalgia or myofascial pain according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Diagnostic Decision Tree. The analysis of patient factors included variables believed to be associated with temporomandibular disorders. First, a temporary screening appliance was used for 2 weeks to assess each patient for bruxism during sleep. Soft appliance therapy was then started. For each patient, the effectiveness of the appliance was evaluated according to the intensity of tenderness during muscle palpation and the treatment satisfaction score at one month after starting treatment. Results: Data from 37 of the 42 patients were available for analysis. Twenty-five patients reported satisfaction with the appliance. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for reduction of facet length was 1.998. Nineteen patients showed at least a 30% improvement in the visual analog scale score. The odds ratio for local myalgia was 18.148. Conclusion: Soft appliance therapy may be used in patients with local myalgia. Moreover, patients who develop short facets on the appliance surface are likely to be satisfied with soft appliance therapy. Soft appliance therapy may be appropriate for patients with local myalgia who develop short facets on their occlusal appliance.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2015

The aim of this document is to evaluate the effect of bite balance on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of occlusal appliance including mouthguards on physical performances. We all remember that day when the prominent athlete was in the news wearing a mouthguard to improve human athletic performance. I once had investigated the determinants of athletic performance in all sorts of sports. Most of the studies had overinterpretation of results and lack of evidence to support the information. However, I discovered great expectations for new possibility in this field and settled for a more academic approach to this intriguing subject. The followings are some examples of the subject 1. Archers who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 2~3mm increased their ability to focus and to maintain good sense of balance. Their accuracy rate has been improved. The appliance was made of acrylic resin (a type of plastic). 2. Canoe players who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 5mm surpassed longtime competitor and won the race with 10 seconds gap. 3. A cycle rider who wore an occlusal appliance to treat his malocclusion surpassed his old record from 10.8 seconds to 10.3 seconds. His muscle reflexes (anaerobic exercise) and endurance (aerobic exercise) has been enhanced. 4. Occlusal appliances had a good effect on athletic performance in most sports such as swimming, diving, and weightlifting. As for the clenching on dentition, people clench their teeth when they push their physical and mental limits during sports activities. Clenching can be induced by physical exertion when maximum muscle strength is retained and this is similarly found in different types of exercises. In addition, restraint of respiratory function is observed. Therefore, creating a occlusal balance with occlusal appliance or mouthguard promoted a favorable influence when an athlete clenches.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2007

교합안정장치는 턱관절장애의 관리를 위해 가장 많이 선택되어지는 치료방법이다. 교합안정장치는 치료목적을 달성하기 위해 구강 내에서 매일 수 시간씩 착용하며, 전체적인 치료기간은 적게는 6개월에서 길게는 2년 가량이 소요된다. 구강 내에서 교합안정장치는 틀니나 고정식 교정장치의 경우처럼 의도하지 않게 타액이나 산소로부터 세균을 보호하고, 세균의 저장고로서 역할을 수행할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 이런 조건은 일반적으로 치주질환과 구취를 유발하는 주요 원인균인 혐기성 세균과 치아우식에 중요한 역할을 하는 S. mutans의 서식에 용이한 환경을 제공하게 되어 교합안정장치을 사용하게 되면서 발생되는 나쁜 맛이나 치주질환, 치태 형성 및 치아우식의 원인요소가 될 수 있다. 이 실험에서는 교합안정장치 사용 전후 구강 내 특정 치아에서 혐기성 세균과 S. mutans 수의 변화를 비교함으로써 교합 안정장치가 이들 세균 수 증가에 어떠한 영향을 끼치며, 그것이 임상적으로 어떤 의미를 가지는지에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 총 4명의 남성(평균나이 27.5 세)이 참여하였고, 하루 9시간씩 상악교합안정장치를 취침시간 동안에만 사용하였으며, 총 5일 간 진행하였다. 5일 후 교합안정장치를 제거한 구강에서 상악좌측제2대구치, 상악좌측중절치, 하악좌측제2대구치를 각각 선택하여 치태와 타액이 혼재된 샘플을 정해진 규격으로 채취하였다. 각각의 샘플은 혐기성 세균 배양을 위한 혈액한 천배지와 S. mutans 선택배지에 각각 $100{\mu}{\ell}$씩 도말하여 $37^{\circ}C$ 10% $CO_2$ 조건으로 3일간 혐기 배양하였다. 각각의 배지에서 배양된 세균을 집락형성단위(CFU) 기준으로 육안으로 세어 최종적으로 CFU/ml로 환산해 기록하였다. 얻어진 자료를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 내렸다. 1. 교합안정장치 사용에 따라 구강 내 혐기성 세균 수와 S. mutans 수의 변화가 생겼다. 2. 혐기성 세균의 경우 교합안정장치 사용에 따라 상악제2대구치(P=0.003)와 상악중절치(P=0.020)에서 모두 그 수가 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 교합안정장치의 장착은 직접 피개되지 않은 대합치아의 혐기성 세균 수 증가에도 간접적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 4. S. mutans의 경우 교합안정장치 사용에 따라 상악제2대구치(P=0.043)와 상악중절치(P=0.049)에서 모두 그 수가 유의하게 증가하였다. 5. 교합안정장치의 장착은 직접 피개되지 않은 대합치아의 S. mutans 수에 어떤 영향도 끼치지 않았다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2019

Oral appliances therapy is becoming increasingly recognized as a successful treatment for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA). Compared with continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP), the gold standard therapy for OSA, oral appliance therapy are less efficacious for severe OSA but are more acceptable and tolerable for patients, which in turn, may lead to a comparable level of therapeutic effectiveness. Nevertheless, the various side effects of oral appliance therapy, such as, increased salivation or dryness, pain or discomfort in the teeth or gums, occlusal discomfort in the morning, temporomandibular disorders, dental and occlusal changes may cause discontinuation of treatment or changes in treatment plan. Therefore, oral appliance therapy should be provided by a qualified dentist who can evaluate oral tissues, occlusion, and temporomandibular joints, and prevent and manage the possible side effects.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2010

Bruxism is nonfunctional jaw movement that includes clenching, grinding and gnashing of teeth. It usually occurs during sleep, but with functional abnormality of brain, it can be seen during consciousness. Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) can involve the masticatory, lower facial, and tongue muscles and may result in trismus, bruxism, involuntary jaw opening or closure, and involuntary tongue movement. Its prevalence in the general population is 21%, but its incidence after brain injury is unknown, Untreated, bruxism and OMD cause masseter hypertrophy, headache, temporomandibular joint destruction and total dental wear. We report a case of successful treatment of bruxism and OMD after brain injury treated with botulinum toxin A and occlusal appliance. The patient was a 59-year-old man with operation history of frontal craniotomy and removal of malformed vessel secondary to cerebral arteriovenous malfomation. We injected with a total 60 units of botulinum toxin A each masseteric muscle and took impression for occlusal appliance fabrication under general anesthesia. On follow up 2 weeks and 2 months, the patient remained almost free of bruxism. We propose that botulinum toxin A and occlusal appliances be considered as a treatment for bruxism and OMD after brain injury.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2013

Temporomandibular joint disorder(TMJD) was mainly characterized with joint pain, motion limitation, joint sound, resulted from pathologic conditions in temporomandibular joint and around tissue. As temporomandibular joint is one of decisive factors determining the occlusion, disorders in temporomandibular joint may cause the occlusal changes. The causes of occlusal changes related with TMJD can be classified into 2 categories; (1) those related to progression of disorder, 2) those related to treatment of the disorder. The clinical manifestation of occlusal changes depend on their causes and affected site. Therefore, whenever possible, treatment should be directed to the relief of the underlying causes, However, it is not always possible to relieve the underlying conditions. Moreover, some occlusal changes may remain irreversible even after the considerable improvement in clinical symptoms. Regarding the treatment of the permanent occlusal changes, it has been reported that the extensive occlusal treatment including occlusal adjustment, prosthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment should be applied. Here, we present with a case report of occlusal change caused by the progressive temporomandibular joint disorder, together with introducing the intermaxillary traction appliance as the possible treatment option.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine factors influencing the duration of occlusal appliance (OA) treatment for patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement. Methods: Ninety patients were included for this study, who satisfied the following including criteria: (i) those who were diagnosed as disc displacement of TMJ by taking magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (ii) those who were finished OA treatment. The subjects were classified into three groups according to the period of OA treatment: (i) early response group (<6 months), (ii) moderate response group (6 months-1 year), and (iii) delayed response group (>1 year). Demographic data, data from chief complaints and past history of temporomandibular disorder, data from clinical examination and diagnostic imaging including panoramic view and TMJ MRI were compared among groups. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analysis were used to test statistical significance. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic data, data from chief complaints and TMJ imaging. However, only the prevalence of oral parafunctional habits including bruxism, clenching, and unilateral chewing showed significant differences among groups. Conclusions: Oral parafunctional habits could be factors to influence the duration of OA treatment in the patients with TMJ internal derangement.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.361-373
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• 2005

교합장치요법은 측두하악장애 환자의 증상과 징후를 감소시키는데 매우 효과적인 방법으로 밝혀져 있다. 교합장치의 저작효율에 관한 보고는 아직 없는 실정이다. 이 연구의 목적은 정상인에서 실험적으로 자연치열과 비교한 교합안정장치의 저작 효율을 조사하고, 개선된 저작 효율을 가진 변형된 교합안정장치를 개발하는 것이었다. 열한명의 연구대상자(평균 연령 25.3세, 연령 범위 23-33세)가 실험에 참여했다. 이 중 남자는 6명, 여자는 5명 이었다. 이들은 완전하거나 거의 완전한 자연치열을 가지고 있고 측두하악장애의 증상과 징후가 없는 건강한 사람들이었다. 기존의 편평한 교합면이 있는 상악 교합안정장치(FSA) 및 교합면에 부가적으로 해부학적인 구조가 있는 변형된 교합안정장치(ASA)의 2종의 교합장치를 각 대상자마다 제작하였다. 자연치열, ASA 및 FSA의 3가지 저작 조건에서 연구대상자들이 시험식품으로 선택된 땅콩을 저작하도록 하였다. 1분간의 저작기간 동안 저작주기 회수를 세었다. 저작된 땅콩 식괴를 회수하고 조직감 분석을 통해 경도를 측정하였다. 경도와 저작주기 회수에 대하여 통계분석을 시행하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. FSA의 저작효율은 자연치열의 38.6%에 해당하였다. ASA의 저작효율은 자연치열의 78.2%에 해당하였다. 2. 자연치열의 저작조건에서의 저작주기 회수는 초당 1.5회로 측정되었으며, 이는 ASA와 FSA의 조건에서 약 90%로 감소되었다. 이러한 결과는 ASA가 측두하악장애에서의 치료효과뿐만 아니라 향상된 저작기능을 수행할 수 있도록 함을 보여주었다. TMD 환자의 치료에 ASA의 임상적 사용을 긍정적으로 고려할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

측두하악장애 치료를 위해 사용되는 야간 이갈이 교합장치의 착용 여건을 in vitro 실험으로 재현함으로써, 수분 침윤 및 건조 주기 반복 처리가 교합장치용 레진의 표면경도와 굴곡강도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트를 주성분으로 하는 교합장치용 레진을 사용하여 막대형의 시편을 제작하였다. 대조군 1로 사용되는 레진 시편은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 수분에 침윤시킨 후, 그리고 대조군 2의 레진 시편은 상온에서 7일간 건조한 상태로 유지한 후 각각 시편의 표면경도와 굴곡강도를 측정하였다. 실험군으로 사용되는 레진 시편을 $37^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 수분에 침윤 시킨 후, 하루 8시간 동안 침수를 시키고 16시간 동안은 상온에서 건조를 시키는 수분 침윤 및 건조 주기 처리를 30일 동안 계속 하였다. 이러한 주기적 처리 1일째, 7일째, 30일째에 시편의 표면경도와 굴곡강도를 측정하였다. 대조군과 실험군의 표면경도와 굴곡강도의 차이에 대해 통계분석을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 실험군과 대조군의 교합장치용 레진의 표면경도는 수분 침윤 및 건조 주기의 반복 처리에도 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 교합장치용 레진의 굴곡강도는 수분 침윤 및 건조 주기를 30일간 처리한 실험군이 1일째의 실험군 및 제1대조군에 비해 더 컸다. 이러한 결과를 측두하악장애 환자들에서 교합장치를 사용하고 보관하는 방법에 고려할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the short-term effectiveness of hard and soft stabilizing appliances (H-A and S-A) in treating patients with acute temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR). Methods: Eighty one patients diagnosed as acute TMJ DDwoR at oral medicine of Chosun University Dental Hospital from November 2016 to September 2017 were included in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups: The control group (34 patients treated without occlusal appliance), the H-A group (31 patients treated with H-A) and the S-A group (16 patients treated with S-A). The pain intensity using Visual Analog Scale and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were evaluated every week for 8 weeks. Results: The improvement of the pain intensity and MMO in the H-A group and the S-A group compared with the control group were noted (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that hard and S-As may be equally useful in treating patients with TMJ DDwoR. S-A could be recommended to reduce the symptoms of TMJ DDwoR in short period.