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The Chewing Efficiency of Occlusal Stabilization Appliances by Anatomy of the Occlusal Surface  

Im, Yeong-Gwan (Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University)
Choi, Choong-Ho (Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Dental Science Research Institute)
Kim, Jae-Hyeong (Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Dental Science Research Institute)
Rhee, Chong-Ouk (Dept. of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University)
Kim, Byung-Gook (Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Dental Science Research Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain / v.30, no.3, 2005 , pp. 361-373 More about this Journal
Abstract
Occlusal appliance therapy has been proven to be very useful and effective in reducing signs and symptoms of patients with TMD. However, there are no reports about the masticatory efficiency of the occlusal appliance. The purpose of this study was, first, to investigate the masticatory efficiency of the conventional stabilization appliance experimentally in normal healthy subjects, by comparing it with that of their natural dentition; and, second, to develop a modified stabilization appliance as an attempt to increase masticatory efficiency. Eleven subjects (mean age 25.3 years, range from 23 to 33) participated in this study. Six were men and five were women. They were healthy and had complete or near―complete natural dentition, and did not present with signs or symptoms of TMD. Two kinds of occlusal appliances―the conventional flat maxillary stabilization appliance (i.e., FSA) and a modified maxillary stabilization appliance with additional anatomic structures on its occlusal surface (i.e., ASA)―were made for every subject. Subjects chewed peanuts that were selected as a food to test the three masticatory conditions of the natural dentition, the ASA, and the FSA. The number of chewing strokes was counted during each 1-minute chewing period. Chewed peanut boluses were recovered and their hardness was measured by texture analysis. Statistical tests were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. The masticatory efficiency of the FSA was 38.6 percent that of the natural dentition. The efficiency of the ASA was 78.2 percent that of the natural dentition. 2. The number of chewing strokes in the natural dentition condition was measured to be 1.5 strokes per second. It decreased to 90 percent in the ASA and FSA conditions. These results indicate that the ASA could serve an improved masticatory capacity as well as its therapeutic effects in TMD. A clinical application of the ASA should be considered to extend the management of TMD patients.
Keywords
Masticatory efficiency; Occlusal stabilization appliance; Texture analysis; Occlusal surface;
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