• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.129-133
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• 2017

Objectives Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder, and more attention is recently paid on the quality of life (QoL) in OCD patients. The Euro-QoL-5D (EQ-5D) is a widely used self-report to calculate a single score which represents 'health utilities'. The aim of this study was to assess the health-related QoL for patients with OCD using the EQ-5D and to examine the relationship between health-related QoL and symptom severity. Methods Seventy-three patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnosis of OCD were recruited from the outpatient clinic in Seoul National University Hospital. Symptom severity was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and QoL was assessed with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Using Korean valuation study, a single score of QoL was calculated. Results Most of the OCD patients were relatively young (< 45 years) with the mean YBOCS total score of 19.33. The mean EQ-5D score was 0.71 and significantly correlated with symptom severity (r = -0.483, p < 0.001). 25% of the EQ-5D score was predicted by the YBOCS total score (b = -0.011, p < 0.001) by regression analysis. Conclusions OCD patients suffer from lower health-related QoL and QoL significantly decreased as symptom severity increased. The results of the EQ-5D would enable further studies on QoL comparison across medical disease and mental disorders.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and quality of life in stable patients with schizophrenia. Methods : We interviewed 162 symptom-stable inpatients who have been on a constant dose of antipsychotics for at least 3 months prior and diagnosed as chronic schizophrenia. Subsequently, patients were classified according to the existence of OCD as evaluated using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV). Further, all clinical and demographic data were collected and evaluated. To investigate potential interrelationships, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Korea-Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (K-PANSS), Korean Modification of the Scale to Measure Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Treatment (KmSWN) and Korean Version Quality of Life Scale (K-QOLS) were performed. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare groups and regression analysis was done to assess the relationship between the Y-BOCS and quality of life. Results : Schizophrenia patients with OCD showed significantly earlier onset of schizophrenia, more severe psychiatric symptoms and lower quality of life, compared to those without comorbid OCD. OCD might be associated with lower quality of life in schizophrenia. Conclusion : Schizophrenia patients with OCD showed lower quality of life than those without OCD. In the treatment for schizophrenia, evaluation of OCD might be needed to improve their quality of life and social function.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychopathological features such as depression and anxiety in schizophrenics with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) as well as the severity of OCS according to duration of schizophrenia. Methods We randomly selected sixty four inpatients with schizophrenia. We classified the patients into two groups (OCS group, non-OCS group) according to the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Clinical and demographic features were evaluated. To assess OCS, Y-BOCS were performed. The Korean version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(K-PANSS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Korean version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (K-CDSS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were conducted. Independent t-test and chi-square test were conducted to compare the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the duration of schizophrenia and the Y-BOCS score. Results The Y-BOCS, K-CDSS, and BAI scores were higher in the OCS group. There was a significant correlation between the duration of schizophrenia and the Y-BOCS score. Conclusions Anxiety and depression symptoms were severe in the OCS group. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the longer duration of schizophrenia, the more severe the OCS. Therefore, the evaluation of OCS in schizophrenics should be accompanied by treatment intervention.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2011

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in schizophrenia, and the relationship among OCD, severity of psychopathology, and social function in stable patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods : We interviewed 138 symptom-stable inpatients who had been on a constant dose of antipsychotics for at least 1 month prior and diagnosed as chronic schizophrenia. Subsequently, patients were classified according to the existence of OCD as investigated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Further, all clinical and demographic data was investigated. To investigate potential interrelationships, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Korea-Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (K-PANSS), and the Korean Personal and Social Performance (K-PSP) were used. An independent ttest and Chi-square test were used to compare groups and a Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the Y-BOCS and other clinical rating scales. Results : The prevalence of OCD in schizophrenia patients was 18.1%. Patients with schizophrenia and OCD exhibited significantly earlier onset of schizophrenia, more severe psychiatric symptoms, and lower personal and social performance ability as compared to those without OCD. There was no significant relationship among Y-BOCS, K-PANSS, and K-PSP. Conclusion : We found that comorbid OCD was relatively more frequent in patients with schizophrenia. An investigation involving larger samples of schizophrenia patients with OCD with respect to social function and thus, the effect on quality of life is required.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2011

Objectives : An early age at onset of obsessive compulsive symptoms in family studies has been strongly associated with a more familial form of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Further, many reports have suggested that early- and late- onset OCD represent separate subtypes of the disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the glutamate receptor, the ionotropic, n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subunit 2B gene (GRIN2B) polymorphisms, and onset of OCD in the Korean population. Methods : We recruited 109 OCD patients and classified them into early- (age of onset <18 years) and late-onset groups (age of onset${\geq}$18). Genomic DNA was extracted from their blood after which the genotypes and allelic frequencies of the two GRIN2B polymorphisms (5072T/G and 5988T/C) were compared in the two groups. We also compared genetic data between child- (age of onset${\leq}$15) and adult-onset groups (age of onset${\geq}$19) using the same protocol. Results : There were no significant differences between the early- and late-onset groups with respect to genotype. Moreover, we could not find any differences in genotype frequencies between child and adult-onset groups. Conclusions : Our study suggested that GRIN2B polymorphisms (5072T/G and 5988T/C) do not affect the onset of OCD in Koreans. However, this finding has resulted from a preliminary study and thus, further study is required.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is a tendency to blindly assume causal relations between their thoughts and external reality. On the other hand, cognitive fusion (CF) is a tendency to take internal experiences, such as thoughts and feeling, literally rather than view them as random events. However, these two terms are often confusedly used and, in fact, have conceptual overlaps. Therefore, this study aimed to identify their distinctive features through a comprehensive review of the definition, origin, measurements and clinical implications especially on the understanding of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The cognitive-behavioral concept of TAF is confined to erroneous and maladaptive beliefs about the connection between thoughts and behaviors. The CF is a broader construct that entails taking thoughts and feelings as facts and engaging or struggling with them such that the quality of life is lowered. They also have different theoretical backgrounds, developing processes and therapeutic approaches. From the perspective of the obsessive-compulsive disorder, both concepts have been studied as mid-structures for this illness. Recently, the effectiveness of psychological therapies related to these concepts such as defusion therapy has been tested. However, it is yet still in its infancy. In the future, complementary advances between the two concepts with studies on biological substrates is needed.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is defined as the tendency to react negatively on an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral level to uncertain situations and events. However, this definition is somewhat categorical and does not explain the phenomenology of IU. Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), the standard measure of IU, was considered to have two factors : 'unacceptability and avoidance of uncertainty' and 'uncertainty leading to the inability to act'. IU may be a cognitive vulnerability factor for clinical worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A number of moderators and mediators including cognitive avoidance, experiential avoidance and rumination influence the relationship between IU, worry, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxious and depressive symptoms. IU may be more strongly related to the symptoms of GAD than to symptoms of other anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depressive disorder. IU may serve as an important transdiagnostic feature across anxiety and depressive disorders. Incorporating IU-specific treatment components into therapeutic protocols may result in pervasive benefits, and not only for those with GAD or OCD, but for people with any anxiety disorder or with depression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2022

Objectives: To examine effects of traditional Korean medical treatment on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: Effects of Korean medical treatment on patients with OCD who visited the neuropsychiatric clinic of Korean medicine were examined. Patients were treated with acupuncture, herbal medication, and oriental psychotherapy. Padua-ICMA, Y-BOCS, BDI-2, STAI-X1/X2, BAI were compared before and after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment to determine whether symptoms of patients were improved. Results: After 8 weeks treatment (n=19), Padua-ICMA, Y-BOCS, BDI-2, STAI-X1/X2, and BAI scores were significantly decreased. After 12 weeks treatment (n=12), Padua-ICMA, Y-BOCS, BDI-2, STAI-X1/X2, and BAI scores were also significantly decreased. Conclusions: Traditional Korean medicine is clinically effective in treating OCD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.164-172
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• 1993

By observing the psychotherapy process expressed by an adolescent with obssessive compulsive disorder, the author suggests that the main problem of OCD is not merely a product of an unconscious process as traditionally thought, but a learned problem solving process as a method surviving the more realistic conflicts, and therefore the treatment should be directed to more or less conscious and realistic issues and conflicts, family therapy should be offered too.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.110-141
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• 1988

This study was conducted to find out the mental health state of high school students. First-year students and third-year students af liberal high schools is Seoul were subject to this study. Questionnaire of Symptom Checklist-90 and various factors was adopted for the survey. A total of 916 questionnaires was sellected for the analysis, and the results are obtained as follows; 1) The characteristics in responses to mental health scale showed that obsessive-compulsive scale score was the highest, followed by interpersonal-sensitivity, depression, hostility, and anxiety. The subject group of the students showed higher scores in nine symptom dimensions except somatization than other normal group. 2) Girl-students showed higher scores than boy-students in somatization, depression, and anxiety, whereas the opposite was true in hostility. 3) Third-year students got high scores, in somatization, anxiety and Depression. 4) Parental marriage state of the repondents showed significant differences in nine symptom dimensions of mental health. Scores of the students with parents was the lowest, followed by those of students with only mother, only father and the rest(no parents, divorced, sepaerated, step-parent) in increasing order. 5) Smoking students showed high score in obsessive-compulsive, depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism. Especially in hostility, they got much higher score. 6) Students with poor record at school got higher scores in every symptom dimension than those with good record at school, especially in obsessive-compulsive and depression scale. 7) Parents' attitude toward student showed significant effect on every scale. Students under over-expectation or indifference from parents were in bad mental health state. 8) Students who have advisor proved to be in better mental health state than those who never consult their personal problems with others. 9) He who has family history got higher scores in some scales. 10) Respondents who looked upon what they have learned in high school as being rather an obstacle to sound social life got high scores in all the symptom dimensions and next came those of the students who answered that there were a lot of unnecessary things in their learning. 11) Those for whom it would not quite necessary to enter college if there were little formal schooling discrimination in society got high scores in obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and in psychoticism, especially higher in obsessive-compulsive scale. 12) Mental health state of the students who are influenced by the social surroundings, mass media, and the home environments showed high score in 8 symptom dimensions. 13) Abnormal response frequency of this sample is as follows; 24.0％ of boys, 23.8％ of girls, 22.5％ of the first-year students, and 26.9％ of the third-year students. There were significant difference among the grades. 14) The factors of distinctive correlation between the dimensions of SCL-90 and 16 factors were the father's negative attitude and depression, negative responses on teaching contents and anxiety, and smoking and hostility. In conclusion, mental health state of liberal highschool students on the whole showed worse than other normal groups. It had close terms with relation with their parents, schoolwork, smoking, teaching contents, the social surrounding, mass media, and the home environments. Thus I believe there need not only mental health education of students, training of teachers, counceling of parents, but also changes in teaching contents, and the improvement of educational system and the social surroundings under the national support.