• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2018

This study examined the effect of Behavior Based Safety(BBS) program on safe behaviors of bus drivers and passengers. Four male bus drivers working at a H transportation company situated in Seoul participated in this study. BBS program consisted of education, prompts, and self-monitoring with goal setting. Dependent variables were the percentage of two safe driving behaviors of bus drivers (departure after stopping for 3 seconds, announcement for holding bus handles) and the percentage of one safe behavior of passengers getting on the busses those drivers drove (holding bus handles). A primary observer and two trained assistant observers measured two safe behaviors of the bus drivers with behavior checklists by riding on the busses and the passengers' safe behavior was observed by CCTV installed on each bus. An ABC multiple baseline design across participants was adopted. After baseline(A), education and prompts(B) and self-monitoring with goal setting(C) were introduced sequentially to each participant. The results showed that BBS program was effective to increase both bus drivers' and passengers' safe behaviors. Especially self-monitoring with goal setting was more effective in improving safe behaviors of bus drivers than education/prompts. These results suggest that education/prompts and self-monitoring with goal setting would be an alternative treatment technique to improve safety for lone workers such as bus drivers.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.241-244
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• 2006

The basic prediction model was constructed to obtain optimal maintenance method for concrete structure under marine environment by exploring the mechanism of mono and combined deterioration in lab. This model was planned to be upgraded with data acquired from several exposure specimens under same environment as structures. The computer program developed to give useful guidance observer would be improved. Several repair materials and repair construction methods applied to exposure specimens will be tested for its performance of prohibit salt attack and freezing & thawing action during experimental period about ten years. All of these data could be available to complete the prediction system. The manager will be able to use the system for optimal maintenance of marine concrete structures.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.531-534
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• 2005

The basic prediction model was constructed to obtain optimal maintenance method for concrete structure under marine environment by exploring the mechanism of mono and combined deterioration in lab. This model was planned to be upgraded with data acquired from several exposure specimens under same environment as structures. The computer program developed to give useful guidance observer would be improved. Several repair materials and repair construction methods applied to exposure specimens will be tested for its performance of prohibit salt attack and freezing & thawing action during experimental period about ten years. All of these data could be available to complete the prediction system. The manager will be able to use the system for optimal maintenance of marine concrete structures.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2005

Purpose : To compare cephalometric measurement between measuring methods in digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiograph. Materials and Methods : Twenty digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected. In digital group, cephalometric measurements were performed manually using hardcopies and automatically using $V-Ceph^{TM}$ program on the monitor. In conventional group, the same measurements were performed manually on conventional films, and for automatic measurement conventional films were digitized by scanner. All measurements were performed twice by 4 observers, and 24 cephalometric variables were calculated and the time spent for each measurement was recorded. The differences in measurements data and the time spent for each measurement were compared within each group. Intra-observer and inter-observer comparisons were performed. Results : In both groups, no statistically significant difference between manual and automatic measurements was observed and most of the variables didn't show statistically significant differences between methods. The observer with less experience tended to show statistically significant differences of measurements between methods, and differences from other observers. The differences of measurements between methods in digital group were lesser than those of conventional group with statistical significance in 8 variables out of 24. With automatic method and in digital group, the spent time was shorter. Conclusion : With direct digital radiograph, automatic method using manually idenitified landmarks can be preferable in cephalometric analysis. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2005; 35 : 15-23)

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.329-354
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 학령 초기 아동의 사회적 행동을 향상시키기 위한 사회성 훈련 프로그램을 개발하고, 프로그램 실행 과정에서 나타나는 아동의 사회적 행동을 관찰하여 변화의 과정을 질적 분석을 통해 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 김민정(2008)의 사회적 기술훈련을 수정 보완하여 7명의 초등학교 1학년 아동을 대상으로 8회기의 프로그램을 실시한 후, 참여관찰 노트, 프로그램 진행자의 일지, 보조진행자의 칭찬 노트, 비디오 녹화 자료, 아동의 그림일기 자료들을 전사, 코딩, 주제의 발견 단계를 거쳐 분석하였다. 그 결과, 아동의 사회적 행동과 관련하여 다음과 같은 주제를 도출하였다. 첫째, 관계형성의 시작: (1) 수줍음과 정서적 위축, (2) 자기만의 세계에 몰입, (3) 나누기' 및 '함께하기'의 어려움, (4) 타인과의 부정적 상호작용, (5) 사회적 규칙준수의 어려움. 둘째, 정서 및 의사표현의 변화: 분명하고 직접적인 정서 및 의사표현. 셋째, 친사회성의 변화: (1) 주위에 대한 관심 및 상호작용 증진, (2) 협동 놀이, (3) '나누기' 및 '도움주기'등의 베푸는 행동. 넷째, 사회적 기술의 변화: (1) 사회적 규칙의 인식 및 실천, (2) 사회적 문제 해결하기. 본 연구는 질적 연구를 통해 사회성 훈련 프로그램이 학령 초기 아동의 사회적 기술과 정서표현에 미치는 긍정적 변화를 관찰함으로써 그 효과를 확인하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2002

Purpose : To compare the accuracy of digital subtraction images acquired by two different methods different in positioning four reference points for geometrical standardization. Materials and Methods : A total of 36 digital radiographic images of 6 volunteers were taken at the areas of the incisor, premolar, and molar of both the maxilla and mandible using the Digora system. Each image was moved 4 mm vertically and horizontally. Four oral and maxillofacial radiologists performed digital subtraction radiography between the paired images before and after movement using Emago (Oral Diagnostic Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and Sunny (Biomedisys Co., Seoul, Korea). The standard deviation of the internal gray value in Region of Interest (ROI) was statistically analyzed between the two programs using the paired t-test. Results : The standard deviation of pixel gray values from the digital subtraction images using the Sunny program were lower than that of the Emago program (p<0.05). All observers showed significant differences between each other when the Sunny program was used (p<0.05), but one observer showed a significantly higher score than other observers when they used Emago (p<0.05). The standard deviations of premolar area from both Sunny and Emago programs were significantly higher than those of anterior and molar regions (p<0.05). Conclusion: The subtracted images using the Sunny program were more accurate and sensitive than those taken using the Emago program.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand mothers' experiences in filial therapy and to investigate them from a phenomenological perspective. For these purposes, three mothers were observed in a filial therapy process from a counselor and researcher perspective from December 2009 to April 23, 2010. After the program, mothers were interviewed and video tape were used in order to a better understand their experiences. Their experiences were analyzed in a format of experience with time, space, relation, and body, and interpreted their meanings. The result of the study shows the follows: Mothers have failed to put a priority on making time for a special play session.; They also had conflicts when they were unable to handle new skills.; They failed to make proper responses; They failed to internalize the space itself; The first intense emotion they felt in a play session was 'awkward.'; They learned what kind of person they were by using new skills through the body.; The method of how mothers formed a relationship with their children revealed itself in play. The meanings of participation in filial therapy can be discussed from two perspectives; 'becoming an observer' and 'taking care of'.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2005

This paper deals with determination of motions of a humanoid robot using genetic algorithm. A humanoid robot has some problems of the structural instability basically. So, we have to consider the stable walking gait in gait planning. Besides, it is important to make the smoothly optimal gait for saving the electric power. A mobile robot has a battery to move autonomously. But a humanoid robot needs more electric power in order to drive many joints. So, if movements of walking joints don't maintain optimally, it is difficult for a robot to have working time for a long time. Also, if a gait trajectory doesn't have optimal state, the expected life span of joints tends to be decreased. To solve these problems, the genetic algorithm is employed to guarantee the optimal gait trajectory. The fitness functions in a genetic algorithm are introduced to find out optimal trajectory, which enables the robot to have the less reduced jerk of joints and get smooth movement. With these all process accomplished by a PC-based program, the optimal solution could be obtained from the simulation. In addition, we discuss the design consideration for the joint motion and distributed computation of the humanoid, ISHURO, and suggest its result such as the structure of the network and a disturbance observer.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2006

This paper deals with determination of motions of a humanoid robot using genetic algorithm. A humanoid robot has some problems of the structural instability basically. So, we have to consider the stable walking gait in gait planning. Besides, it is important to make the smoothly optimal gait for saving the electric power. A mobile robot has battery to move autonomously. But a humanoid robot needs more electric power in order to drive many joints. So, if movements of walking joint don't maintain optimally, it is hard to sustain the battery power during the working period. Also, if a gait trajectory doesn't have optimal state, the expected lift span of joints tends to be decreased. Also, if a gait trajectory doesn't have optimal state, the expected lift span of joints tends to be decreased. To solve these problems, the genetic algorithm is employed to guarantee the optimal gait trajectory. The fitness functions in a genetic algorithm are introduced to find out optimal trajectory, which enables the robot to have the less reduced jerk of joints and get smooth movement. With these all process accomplished by PC-based program, the optimal solution could be obtained from the simulation. In addition, we discuss the design consideration fur the joint motion and distributed computation of tile humanoid, ISHURO, and suggest its result such as structure of the network and a disturbance observer.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

LOSA is a flight safety program that analyses human errors in normal operations. Trained pilot observers monitor the normal flights at the observer seat. LOSA is a proactive non jeopardy data collection tool using threat and error management(TEM) as a framework. With the analysis of crew behaviors through LOSA with The LOSA collaborative(TLC), the airlines can identify the behaviors of the crew during normal operations. The major objective of LOSA is to measure how the crew manage threats, errors and undesired aircraft deviations in the cockpit on day to day operations. The airlines are able to set up effective TEM training with practical six generation Crew recourse management(CRM) with data of error from LOSA instead of theoretical CRM courses. The Airlines can use TEM as an integral part of a Safety Management System(SMS) and uses monitoring and cross-checking skills in the flight operations to manage threats and errors effectively when we know the errors we make in the cockpit on daily operation. The result of LOSA indicates that the error detection rate should be enhanced since around the half of the errors went undetected. The areas which should be focused for enhancing the error detection are monitor, cross-check, the management of workload, automation and taxiway/ runway to manage errors effectively.