• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.167-183
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable infant observation scale based on the national curriculum for childcare centers. The study was carried out using the final draft of the Infant Observation Scale for 1 year old infants. The scale consists of 42 items in 6 areas. Whereas the final draft of the Infant Observation Scale for 2 year old infants consists of 52 items in 6 areas. The subjects of this observation scale were 120 infants from the city of Busan. The results of the Infant Observation Scale for the 1 year old infant analysis for the purpose of test adequacy indecates that the internal consistency reliability is from .88 to .97. The results of the Infant Observation Scale for 2 year old infant analysis for test adequacy shows that the internal consistency reliability is from .76 to .97.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2003

This study aimed to develop an observation scale for assessing the quality of day care programs and to examine reliability and validity of the scale. Instruments included 3 self-assessment scales, the Evaluation Scale for Early Childhood Programs and an observation scale completed by 8 trained observers in 89 day care sites. Item analysis indicated that most items were acceptable in terms of item discrimination and item response distribution. Cronbach ${\alpha}^{\prime}s$ and inter-observer reliability were relatively high. Validity of the scale was evidenced by correlations between the observation scale and the criterion measure and inter-correlations among sub-areas of the observation scale. Scores on the observation scale were validated by quality ratings from self-assessment scores.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.103-114
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• 2017

Radiation energy budget was analyzed using observation data from the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) energy flux tower on the Seoul metropolitan area. Among observation data from the 13 energy flux towers, we used meteorological variables, radiation data (upward and downward short wave, upward and downward long wave, net short wave, net long wave and net radiation), albedo and emissivity for 15 months from July 2016 to September 2017. Although Gajwa (205) and Ttuksumm (216) sites located in urban, the albedo was relatively high due to the surround environment by glass wall buildings and the Han river around the sites. And Bucheon (209) site located in the suburb represented generally low emissivity. As a result, the albedo decreased and the emissivity increased in the city center. In the Seoul metropolitan area, the net radiation energy is $73.9W/m^2$ that the radiation budget of the surface is absorbed into the atmosphere. According to WISE observation data, it can be seen that observation at each sites are influenced by the surrounding environment.

• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.437-447
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• 2012

There is still large uncertainty in estimating aerosol indirect effect despite ever-escalating efforts and virtually exponential increase in published studies concerning aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions (CAPI). Probably most uncertainty comes from a wide range of observational scales and different platforms inappropriately used, and inherent complex chains of CAPI. Therefore, well-designed field campaigns and data analysis are required to address how to attribute aerosol signals along with clouds and precipitation to the microphysical effects of aerosols. Basically, aerosol influences cloud properties at the microphysical scales, "process scale", but observations are generally made of bulk properties over a various range of temporal and spatial resolutions, "analysis scale" (McComiskey & Feingold, 2012). In the most studies, measures made within the wide range of scales are erroneously treated as equivalent, probably resulting in a large uncertainty in associated with CAPI. Therefore, issues associated with the disparities of the observational resolution particular to CAPI are briefly discussed. In addition, the dependence of CAPI on the cloud environment such as stability and adiabaticity, and observation characteristics with varying situations of CAPI are also addressed together with observation framework optimally designed for the Korean situation. Properly designed and observation-based CAPI studies will likely continue to accumulate new evidences of CAPI, to further help understand its fundamental mechanism, and finally to develop improved parameterization for cloud-resolving models and large scale models.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.149-164
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• 2020

This study aimed to establish an observation protocol for mathematical modeling as an alternative way to examine instructional alignment to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. The instructional alignment observation protocol (IAOP) for mathematical modeling was established through careful reviews on the fidelity of implementation (FOI) framework and prior studies on mathematical modeling. I shared the initial version of the IAOP including 15 items across the structural and instructional critical components as the FOI framework suggested. Thus, the IAOP covers what teachers should do and know for practices of mathematical modeling in classrooms and what teachers and students are expected to do. Based on the findings in this study, validity and reliability of the IAOP should be evaluated in follow-up studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.136-137
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.122-123
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• 2003

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the meta-analysis on the effects of action observation training on stroke patients' walking. Methods : Domestic databases (DBpia, KISS, NDSL, and RISS) were searched for studies that conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) associated with action observation training in adults after stroke. The search outcomes were items associated with the walking function. The 18 studies that were included in the study were analyzed using R meta-analysis. A random-effect model was used for the analysis of the effect size because of the significant heterogeneity among the studies. Sub-group and meta-regression analysis were also used. Egger's regression test was conducted to analyze the publishing bias. Cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were also done to analyze a data error. Results : The mean effect size was 2.77. The sub-group analysis showed a statistical difference in the number of training sessions per week. No statistically significant difference was found in the meta-regression analysis. Publishing bias was found in the data, but the results of the trim-and-fill method showed that such bias did not affect the obtained data. Also, the cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis showed no data errors. Conclusion : The meta-analysis of the studies that conducted randomized clinical trials revealed that action observation training effectively improved walking of the chronic stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.131-149
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine research trends in articles of preschooler peer relationships carried in domestic academic journals. This was done in an attempt to suggest alternative directions for peer relationship studies in the early childhood education sector and lay the foundation for future studies. 131 articles that appeared in seven domestic academic journals related to early childhood education were selected and analyzed in order to better understand the general trends in the filed and the specific trends in terms of their content and methods. Our results indicate that the observation method was most common in the quantitative studies, and participant observation was most prevailent among qualitative studies. As for instrumentation, international instruments were most widely utilized, and the most dominant analysis method was descriptive statistics. In terms of reliability, internal consistency was checked most often, however, the majority of the studies failed to provide any information on validity and post-hoc analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1117-1125
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• 2014

In a longitudinal study, subjects can experience same type of events repeatedly. Also, there may exist intermittent dropouts resulting in repeated observation gaps during which no recurrent events are observed. Furthermore, when such observation gaps have incomplete forms caused by the unknown termination times of observation gaps, ordinary approaches result in biased estimates. In this study, we investigate the effect of ignoring observation gaps and propose methods to overcome this problem. For estimating the distribution of unknown termination times, an interval-censored mechanism is applied and two cases are considered. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Conviction data of young drivers with several suspensions are analyzed to illustrate the suggested approach.