• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the teacher's role as play supporter in a carry out play generated curriculum and develop and implement an action plan in order to indoor free play. Methods: Participants were 14 kindergartners (9 boys, 5 girls) and one teacher. Processes of planning-implementation and observation- reflection were repeated in a cyclical procedure and the 3rd action plan was conducted based on strategies to support children's play. Results: Children experienced the following: Continuing and immersive play, play filled with experiments and challenges, play to make together, attitude to enjoy novelty and respect differences, and play of trial and error. And the researcher changed the following: Be sensitive to the child's words and actions, finding the 'real interest' of children in 'waiting', acquiring the perception that 'children are the masters of play', seeing the value of learning in children's expressive play, and gain confidence in play support. Conclusion/Implications: This study suggested the need for teacher to have patience and demonstrate reflective thinking in order to support children's play.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.1077-1089
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• 2022

도림천의 최상류인 관악산에 서울대학교가 건설되면서 관악산 유역은 일종의 도시화를 겪어왔으며, 폭우 시 하류 하천의 수량과 수질에 악영향을 미치는 사례 등 물순환 왜곡이 우려되어왔다. 대부분의 캠퍼스 유역이 그렇듯 물순환과 관련된 자료가 절대적으로 미흡하였기에 복합기상관측장비 Atmos-41을 도입함으로써 수문·기상학적 자료를 구축하여 본 연구를 시작하였다. Atmos-41의 관측 결과는 기상청 자료와 비교하여 통계적 특성과 월별 변동성에 따른 신뢰구간을 분석하여 검증하였다. 관악캠퍼스의 물순환은 SWMM으로 평가하였는데 표면유출량과 침투량 모의값은 동일 유역의 과거 연구 결과를 통해 검증하였고, 잠재증발산량은 Atmos-41의 관측 자료와 비교하여 검증하였다. 계산된 SWMM 잠재증발산량은 기온이 낮은 기간에 대해서는 과소 추정되는 경향이 있어, 다중회귀분석을 통해 강수량, 상대습도, 풍속에 대한 변동을 고려할 수 있도록 보정하였다. 그 결과 Atmos-41의 잠재증발산량과 비교했을 때 R²가 0.54에서 0.80으로 개선되었다. 관악산 유역의 캠퍼스화로 인한 물순환 변화율은 표면유출률의 15.7% 증가, 침투율의 14.2% 감소, 그리고 증발량의 1.6% 감소를 초래한 것으로 확인하였다. 결론적으로 서울대학교가 지속가능한 캠퍼스로 나아가고 하류 유역의 안전성 확보를 위해 현재의 물순환 변화율을 유지할 것을 제안하며, Atmos-41의 지속적인 관측 결과는 추후 관악캠퍼스 물순환 연구의 기초 자료로 활용성이 높을 것이라 기대된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.389-409
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the differences between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of postpartum women during the early postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain needed to develope the nursing quality for postpartum women. The subjects were 87 postpartum women who had vaginal delivery at 2 general hospital and 2 maternity hospital in the Ulsan City. The period for the data collection was from June 1 to 29, 1999. The data was gathered using an 98 items questionnaire which was a modified version of a questionnaire the developed by Y. J. Chun. Results found are as follows : 1. The general characteristics of the subjects : The majority of subjects were 25-29 yrs. (57.5%), high school and college graduates(96.5%), unemployed(75.9%), middle ranged economics(93.1%), had no religion(43.7%), male baby(52.9%), birth weight 3-3.5Kg(49.4%), wanted pregnancy(96.6%), no abortion history(50.6%), had antenatal care(89.7%), had prenatal education(32.2%), postnatal education(42.5%), intended breast feeding (46.0%), had resonable self confidence about self(20.7%), infant care(36.8%) and nuclear family pattern(82.3%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care(3.93) and the levels of satisfaction(3.86) was relatively high. The nursing needs by category of nursing care, the highest need was in the emotional and psychological care(4.09), and the lowest need was in physical need(3.73). The satisfactions by category of nursing care, the highest satisfaction was in emotional and psychological care(4.11) and the lowest satisfaction was in education in self care(3.64). The significant differences between nursing needs and satisfactions were found on education in infant care(p=.005), and education in self care(p=.020). 3. Among items of physical care, 'accurate medication and treatment(4.21)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.13)', 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound (4.12)' and 'regular observation of postpartum conditions(4.09)' showed high nursing needs. 'Accurate medication and treatment(4.31)', 'regular observation of postpartum condition(4.24)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.22)' and 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound(4.12)' showed high satisfaction levels. 4. Among items of emotional and psychological care, 'personal treatment(4.32)', kind and faithful care(4.30)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.25)', 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.23)' and detailed explanation on a doubt(4.13)', showed high nursing needs, 'personal treatment(4.52)', 'kind and faithful care(4.45)', 'detailed explanation on a doubt(4.24)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.21)' and 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant except item of 'early contacts with their baby and breast feeding'. 5. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction were on the items of 'neat bedding and clothes(4.05, 4.21)' and 'room cleansing or care of room(4.01, 4.28)'. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'room cleansing of care of room'. 6. Among items of educational needs on self care, 'sitz bath method(4.22)', 'high risk symptoms to immediate clinic visits(4.13)', 'the timing of tub bath(4.05)' and 'good secretion of breast milk(4.03)', showed high nursing needs, 'sitz bath method(4.22)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'the timing of hair shampoo', 'the timing of tub bath', ' the method of pad change', 'postpartum exercise', 'good secretion of breast milk', 'maintenance of breast figure', 'contraindicated drugs in postpartum women', 'kegel exercise' and 'breast self examination'. 7. Among items of educational needs on infant care, 'immunization of infants(4.36)', 'symptoms of sickness to immediate clinic visits(4.28)'. 'safety and emergency care(4.28)', 'umbilical care(4.26)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.24)', 'normal growth and development of infant(4.24)' and 'infection control(4.22)', showed high level of nursing care, 'immunization of infants(4.21)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.17)', were high satisfaction items showed significant differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction. 8. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among postpartum women were as follows : 1) Physical area : There were no significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mothers', 'baby's weights', 'baby's sex', 'planning of feeding' and 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 2) Emotional and psychological area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different in the area of 'confidence in self care'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'baby's weights', 'the confidence of infant care' and 'working mother'. 3) Environment area : There were on significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'maternal age' and 'baby's weights'. 4) Education in self care : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history' and 'type of family formation'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mother', 'baby's sex', 'antenatal care', 'postpartum education', 'planning of feeding', 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 5) Education in infant care area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'receiving postpartum education or not' and 'working mother'.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2023

Purpose: Oxaliplatin, a component of the capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) regimen, has a more favorable toxicity profile than cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, oxaliplatin can induce sensory neuropathy and cumulative, dose-related toxicities. Thus, the capecitabine maintenance regimen may achieve the maximum treatment effect while reducing the cumulative neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin. This study aimed to compare the survival of patients with advanced GC between capecitabine maintenance and observation after 1st line XELOX chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three patients treated with six cycles of XELOX for advanced GC in six hospitals of the Catholic University of Korea were randomized 1:1 to receive capecitabine maintenance or observation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), analyzed using a two-sided log-rank test stratified at a 5% significance level. Results: Between 2015 and 2020, 32 and 31 patients were randomized into the maintenance and observation groups, respectively. After randomization, the median number of capecitabine maintenance cycles was 6. The PFS was significantly higher in the maintenance group than the observation group (6.3 vs. 4.1 months, P=0.010). Overall survival was not significantly different between the 2 groups (18.2 vs. 16.5 months, P=0.624). Toxicities, such as hand-foot syndrome, were reported in some maintenance group patients. Maintenance treatment was a significant factor associated with PFS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.472; 95% confidence interval, 0.250-0.890; P=0.020). Conclusions: After 6 cycles of XELOX chemotherapy, capecitabine maintenance significantly prolonged PFS compared with observation, and toxicity was manageable. Maintenance treatment was a significant prognostic factor associated with PFS.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.212-227
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• 1997

Cerebrovascular diseases in Korea is an important health problem since mortality and mobidity have been increased rapidly. It marked the 2nd cause of specific death rates in 1993. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder, and stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness. sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The subjects of the study were seven citizens who live in Pusan, are over 50 years old and belong to low income-level. The data were collected from Jan. to Sep. 1995. The researcher as a caregiver and volunteer made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi, which is as follows ; as an unit of description which include the subject' expressions and the researcher's observation, it is examined the theme that express the hope experience with the subject's language(underlining), and the focal meanings are identified. The focal meaning is the crystalization of the theme, which is written in the language of the researcher. After intergrating the focal meaning and make the situated structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on each subject's point. After intergrating the situated structural description and make the general structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on total subject's point then the systemizing of the structure of the hope experienced phenomena and the flowing of the conciousness was researched. The conclusions of this study was as follows : The ten sources of hope which the subjects experienced were sorted as under 〈mutual relations to others : spouse, children, relatives, fellow believer. health professioner. associate patient group〉, 〈spiritual dependence〉. 〈recovery of physical function〉. 〈rumination of the past life〉, 〈expectation of the future〉. 〈economic power〉, 〈belief〉, 〈ability〉. 〈spontaneous participation〉 and 〈recovery of roles〉. Their hope was spoken out by the following two kinds of linguistics. First. the hope was expressed in the affirmative expression as follows : 〈 to be dependable〉, 〈to make efforts〉, 〈to keep under control〉, 〈to desire〉, 〈to be pleasant〉, 〈to be peaceful〉, 〈to be grateful〉, 〈to give help〉, 〈self-confidence. Courage〉, 〈to be happy〉, 〈to satisfy oneself〉, 〈to share with others〉, 〈to understand〉 and 〈to be affected, be impressed〉 Second, the hope was expressed in the negative on pression as under : 〈to be distressed〉, 〈to be uneasy〉, 〈to be sorry, be unsatisfied〉 〈despair〉, 〈to abandon〉, 〈to be fearful〉, 〈to suffer〉, 〈to bear a burden〉 〈to be confused〉, 〈to be solitary〉, 〈chest trouble〉, 〈to feel heavy〉 〈grief〉, 〈to be daunted〉, 〈to get angry〉, 〈to be uncomfortable〉, 〈to have something regretable〉 and 〈to feel guilty〉. And their hope was expressed by the following four behavioral expressions : 〈physical sphere〉, 〈psychological sphere〉, 〈social support sphere〉 and 〈spiritual sphere〉. The reaction patterns of their hope experience appeared in the following 4 coping method : 〈conquest type〉, 〈dependence type〉, 〈adaptation type〉 and 〈fate type〉. Finally, in the hope structure the sense of certainty don't always coexict with the sense of uncertainty, When the stroke patients try to search for the best quality of life, the senses of certainty and uncertainty make a continual cyclic system in the hope structure.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2017

목적: 아라키돈산 대사물의 생합성을 억제하는 비스테로이드성 항염증제는 잠재적인 숙주조절제로 고려되고 있다. 이종설의 목적은 비스테로이드성 항염증제를 비외과적 치주치료와 병용하였을 때 치주질환자에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 데 있다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 관련된 연구를 확인하기 위하여 세 전자 데이터베이스를 검색하였다. Cochrane의 고찰 방법론에 따라 방법론적인 질, 임상 부착 수준과 탐침 깊이 변화량에 대한 평균 차이를 분석하였다. 결과: 총 12개의 연구의 방법론을 평가하였고 이중 9개의 연구에 대해 메타-분석을 시행하였다. 임상 부착 수준의 변화에 대한 평균차의 경우 모든 관찰기간에서 비스테로이드성 항염증제 군과 대조군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 가장 큰 평균차는 4주 때 0.30 mm로 나타났다(95% 신뢰구간 = -0.37 to 0.97). 탐침 깊이 변화에 대한 평균차는 6주 때 0.34 mm(95% 신뢰구간 = 0.29 to 0.40)로 유의차를 보였다. 결론: 이를 토대로 하였을 때 비스테로이드성 항염증제를 비외과적 치주치료와 병용하여 투여하였을 때 부가적으로 치료효과를 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2011

목적 : 본 연구는 보행 가능한 장애인의 버스 이용에 관한 경험을 이해하고, 버스의 이용에서 성공적인 전략을 통해 심리적 어려움을 극복하는 방법을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 보행 가능한 장애인의 버스 이용에 대한 행동과 언어 그리고 그 과정에 대한 깊은 이해를 얻기 위해 질적 연구방법 연구 중 현상학적 접근법과 해석학적 접근법을 이용하였다. 연구 참여자에 대한 인터뷰, 참여관찰을 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 현상학적 방법과 해석학적 방법을 통해 기술과 해석으로 결과를 분석하였다. 결과 : 지역사회에서 보행 가능한 장애인은 버스 이용에 대한 자신감이 지역사회에서 독립적인 이동을 가능하게 했다. 버스 탑승과 하차의 긴박한 승부의 순간에 버스 안에서 좌석을 이용하기 위한 전략을 사용하였으며, 돌발 상황에 대처하기 위해 항시 긴장을 놓지 않는 모습을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 버스 이용 시 좌석에 앉기와 이동 시에 환자의 부담감을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 결론 : 보행 가능한 장애인의 버스 이용에 있어 자신감이 독립적인 이동에 결정적 영향을 주었으며, 항상 넘어짐에 대한 경계를 하고 여러 심리적 어려움과 돌발 상황을 예측하고 극복하며 대중교통을 이용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential adverse effects of CKD-602 by a 5-day repeated intravenous dose in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test article, CKD-602, was administered intravenously to male and female rats at dose levels of 0.07, 0.22, 0.67, 2.0 and 6.0 mg/kg/day for 5 days consecutively. Mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were monitored for the 14-day period after cessation of the administration. At the end of 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. There were 2 and 5 treatment related deaths in the 0.67 and 2.0 mg/kg/day dose groups of both genders, respectively. Treatment related clinical signs, including hair loss, skin paleness, decreased locomotor activity, emaciation, and changes in stool were observed in a dose-dependent manner from the third day after initiation of the injection. Decrease or suppression of body weight was also observed dose-dependently in males and females of the treated groups. Gross postmortem examinations revealed a dose-dependent increase in the incidence and severity of atrophy or hypertrophy and white membrane formation in the spleen, atrophy of the thymus, diffuse white spots and paleness of the liver, paleness of the lung, kidney and adrenal gland, and dark red discoloration and dark red contents in the alimentary tract. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 5-repeated intravenous injection of CKD-602 to male and female rats resulted in increased incidence of abnormal clinical signs and death, decreased or suppressed body weight, and increased incidence of abnormal gross findings. In the present experimental conditions, the $LD_{50}$ value was 2.07 (95% confidence limit not specified) mg/kg/day in both genders and the $LD_{10}$ value was 1.72 (95% confidence limit not specified) mg/kg/day in both genders.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 1996

Bangladesh that is known as the poorest country of the world has the large land of fertile soil and very good environment to live, even though we think she may be very bad to live. People being habituated to that good environment, the population explosion made the people to be starven, but the treatment has been simple support without deep analysis of the root of poverty. As the result it is general that the poverty is severer and severer in spite of continuous support. For the last century Korea changed from the country of poverty and despair to that of development and hope, to be model mid vision of under development countries including Bangladesh. At this point it is necessary to look back the way of development to help them to solve their poverty problem. That is the goal of this project, and this thesis is the result of it. It is evaluated for the 1st 5 years work of the project to apply the result to the next 5 years plan. This project had been proceeded from 1. Jul. 1990 to 30. Jun. 1995 at Chilmari area of Bangladesh, with teaching and training to wake up the mentality of the people, demonstration farming and cooperative association. It was proceeded as the Agriculture project of KDAB(Korean Development Association in Bangladesh, an NGO registered to Bangladesh) supported by Good Neighbors, KOICA and many churches and individuals. Especially the teaching and training work was proceeded as the branch of the Canaan Farmer`s School of Korea with instruction and support. After the basic survey for project, the confirmation of working place and the preparation of training facility, 10 times of long term training(3 months worse, boarding) was completed, with many times of short term training, informal training, demonstration farm, various demonstrating works. The results of the work are understanding of the not of problem by participatory observation, making plan to solve it, getting the trust from the people and beginning the practical work with the trainees for development of economy and living situation. The biggest problem of Bangladesh is being understood losing the desire to solve the poverty problem and the self-confidence to be able to do it. It is the conclusion that after solving the problem of thought and mentality, the education, technology and money can be effective for development. So the 1st 5 year project is evaluated as the basic work to analyse the root of problem, to chance mentality of people and to search income source. The next goal is to promote practical living level of people. For that it is necessary to develope die mentality of people including responsibility and self-confidence by teaching and training, to educate cooperative association and technology for economical development, to proceed integrated rural development work with economical development, educational improvement and reformation of environment. It is very important result that they decided to grow poultry for main economical source of Chilmari area, to do economical development work by joint operation of poultry through cooperative association.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

목적 본 연구는 결혼이민자 산모를 대상으로 가정방문을 통한 간호중재 프로그램을 제공하고 그 효과를 규명하기 위한 것이다. 방법 편의표출 및 눈덩이표출을 통해 서울과 수원 지역의 중국, 베트남, 필리핀 결혼이민자 임부를 파악하여 비동등성 대조군 전후설계로 실험군 20명, 대조군 19명을 대상으로 하였다. 출산 후 퇴원하면 일주일 이내 가정방문하여 사전조사를 실시 후 실험군에 대한 중재를 제공하였으며, 산후 6주와 3개월에 다시 두 군 모두 가정방문을 통해 자료를 수집하고 실험군에는 중재를 제공하였다. 결과 실험군과 대조군의 영아돌보기 자신감에 대한 그룹과 시간 간의 상호작용 효과가 유의하여 실험군은 대조군보다 퇴원 후 5일 이내의 사전조사에 비해 산후 6주와 3개월 영아돌보기 자신감이 유의하게 더 증가하였다. 또한 실험군은 대조군보다 산후 3개월 영아 발달에 필요한 양육환경을 더 긍정적으로 조성하였으며 생후 6주와 3개월의 영아기질을 더 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 그러나 산후우울과 남편의 지지는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 본 연구를 통해 결혼이민자 산모에 대한 가정방문 간호중재 프로그램이 영아돌보기와 양육환경 조성에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 현재 진행하고 있는 맞춤형 방문건강관리사업에서 결혼이민자 산모에 대한 중재 프로그램을 활성화할 것을 제언한다.