• 무역상무연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.251-278
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• 1998

• 무역상무연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.59-102
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• 1998

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2013

개정 경비업법은 폭력사태를 근절하기 위하여 31개 조문 중에서 17개 조문을 개정하였다. 개정 경비업법의 주요내용은 허가요건의 강화, 의무의 강화, 집단민원현장의 관리 강화, 임원, 경비지도사 및 경비원의 결격사유 확대, 복장 및 장비, 차량, 관리감독의 강화, 처벌의 강화 등이다. 그러나 개정 경비업법은 배치전 신임교육의 의무화, 용역업체폭력의 원인제공자 처벌, 경비업체에 대한 경찰의 인식, 과도한 규제, 처벌강화의 문제, 경찰의 지나친 감독권 강화 등의 문제가 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 개인부담 교육수료 방안, 집단민원현장이외는 사전교육 의무의 배제, 경비업법의 재개정, 추가부담금의 정부부담, 폭력요구 도급업자의 처벌, 경비원자격증제의 도입 등이 필요하다고 생각한다.

• 의료법학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.257-285
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• 2011

This thesis has studied about the legal characteristic of injection of the trial drug, the position of the pharmaceutical firm as a contractor of the clinical trial, the possibility of compulsory performance of consistent injection of the trial drug, and the damage claim caused in the process of the clinical trial from the viewpoint of protecting the trial subject in the clinical trial. According to court's judgement in the United States, the lawsuit of the trial subject, although the trial subject had expected consistent injections, was dismissed because there was no direct contract between pharmaceutical and trial subject. However, Helsinki Declaration prescribe the medical research as follows. 'All patients who participated in the research should be able to use the best precaution, diagnosis, and treatment proved by the final outcome of the research'. The trial subject is entitled to demand only the pharmaceutical firm which developed and provided the trial drug, and the pharmaceutical firm has the obligation to supply the trial drug to the trial subject. Therefore, it would be not enough to protect the trial subject if the pharmaceutical firm which makes the trial drug is ruled out. In addition, especially, in case the trial drug has a constant effect with the aim of treatment, if the injection of the trial drug is suddenly stopped, the trial subject would not have the benefit of treatment by the trial drug. In this case, the best remedy against the damage is to urge a constant injection of the trial drug. Thus, in certain case, it is reasonable to consider that the pharmaceutical firm has the obligation to supply the trial drug to the trial subject constantly, and it is also necessary to compel it through effective means in case the pharmaceutical firm do not fulfill its obligation to supply the trial drug. However, as an essential prerequisite for the assertion mentioned above, it should be judged under the principle of good faith considering the concrete situation, that is, what roles the pharmaceutical firm has played.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제70권
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• pp.39-65
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• 2016

On 2013 the English court delivered a decision that the payment obligation under time charter party is a condition. According to this judgement, The Astra, a breach of the obligation to pay hire on time entitles the owner both to withdraw the ship and sue the charterers for damages for the difference between the contract and market rate for the remainder of the contracted period. On 2015, however, the English court stood at the other side. In Spar Shipping, the court confirmed that the obligation to pay hire is not a condition of the contract but an "innominate term" - from the charterers' breach ship owners can exercise their contractual right to withdraw, but owners' right to sue for damages depends on whether the charterers have deprived the owners of the substantial benefit of the contract, or shown an intention to do so. This article aims to compare both decisions over the points that (1) the importance of on-time payment under a time charter party, (2) as a critical and main question in this article, whether the mattered payment clause is a condition or innominate term, (3) whether the on-time payment clause is merely a penalty or a reasonable liquidated damage. Based on various reasons, I am on a position that the payment of hire is not a condition but an innominate term. Default in punctual payment by a charterer, in the absent of clear contractual agreement, needs to be decided further whether that breach removes the substantial benefit of the contract from the owners.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제72권
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• pp.1-24
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• 2016

This study focused on getting clear understanding on the legal bases in terms of plurality of obligors and plurality of obligees through a analysis the PICC(2010) which has been standing firmly as the general principles of international commercial contract. Related to the title of this paper, PICC are dealing with not only plurality of obligors but plurality of obligees. The contents of the former are as follows; presumption of joint and several obligations and obligee's rights against joint and several obligors (arts.11.1.1, 11.1.2, 11.1.3), availability of defences and rights of set-off and effect of performance and set-off (arts.11.1.4, 11.1.5), effect of release or settlement and effect of expiration or suspension of limitation period (arts.11.1.6, 11.1.7), effect of judgment (art.11.1.8), apportionment among joint and several obligors and extent of contributory claim (arts.11.1.9, 11.1.10), rights of the obligee, defences in contributory claims, inability to recover (arts.11.1.11, 11.1.12, 11.1.13) and so on. On the other hand the contents of the latter are as follows; definitions (art.11.2.1), effects of joint and several claims (art.11.1.2), availability of defences against joint and several obligees (art.11.2.3), allocation between joint and several obligees (art.11.1.4). The main subjects are one is when several obligors are bound by the same obligation towards an obligee, the obligations are joint and several when each obligor is bound for the whole obligation, the obligations are separate when each obligor is bound only for its share and the other is when several obligees can claim performance of the same obligation from an obligor, the claims are separate when each obligee can only claim its share, the claims are joint and several when each obligee can claim the whole performance and the claims are joint when all obligees have to claim performance together.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the preference for living with adult children of the baby-boomer generation and the elderly based on independent variables such as demographic characteristics, the values of their children and the consciousness for supporting their parents. The National Survey of Korean Families was done by the Ministry of Equality and Family in 2010. Respondents were 664 baby boomers and 628 elderly, and the results are as follows. First, the baby boomers rely heavily on their spouse, whereas the elderly rely heavily on their children. While both groups desire to live with their spouse in their later years, and the elderly rely the most on their children, they are reluctant to live together. This result shows that the elderly have high expectations for financial and emotional support from their children, but in reality, the elderly have lower expectations for living together and they prefer to live alone or with their spouse. Second, the boomers, who for the most part live in big cities, have comparatively high average monthly income and jobs and own a house, consider filial obligation as their own responsibility and yet tend to live independently. The boomers, who have a relatively high education level, consider living with aged parents as the children's obligation and consider their children as the most reliable people in their lives, and thus have high expectations to live together with their children. Third, the elderly, with a spouse, who consider having raised children to be their happiness, while considering providing financial support for the aging parents to be the children's responsibility, at the same time accept that the obligation of support lies on themselves, the government or the society, and thus have lower expectations of living with their children in later years. The elderly, now living with their family, with generous financial plans for their aging years and considering the children's success as their own success, have higher expectations of living together with their children.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.149-161
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• 2020

본 논문은 신용카드 사용이 고착화되어 있는 한국의 환경이 핀테크 간편결제 수용의도에 영향을 미치는지에 관해 연구하였다. 의무수납제와 같은 신용카드 사용을 장려하는 제도는 신용카드 사용을 고착화시키고 인프라를 구축시켜 새로운 결제수단인 모바일 간편결제 수용에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기술수용모델을 바탕으로 신용카드의 용이성, 유용성에 접근성과 안정성 변수를 확장하여 검증을 시도했다. 신용카드의 고착도를 매개효과로 그리고 신용카드 의무수납제도를 조절효과로 설정하였다. 연구 결과 신용카드 사용의 인지된 용이성, 유용성, 접근성이 간편결제의 이용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 신용카드사용의 유용성과 접근성이 소비자 고착도를 매개로 하여 모바일 간편결제 이용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.197-227
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• 2018

이 논문은 건설일용직 노동자들의 사회안전망 강화를 위한 주요 조건으로서 일용직 건설노동자들의 4대 사회보험 의무가입 시행을 위한 기금확충 규모를 분석하고, 이를 추진하기 위한 정책적 과제를 탐색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 건설업은 오랫동안 국내경제에 중요한 기여를 해온 중추적 산업부문임에도 불구하고, 전체노동자의 절반이 일용직 형태의 비정규 노동자 일만큼 산업내 비정규 비율이 매우 높은 대표적 산업이다. 이러한 현실은 건설산업구조의 고유한 특성과 고용구조에서 기인한다. 본 연구에서는 건설업 내의 불안정 노동자들의 사회안전망을 강화하고 건설업의 경쟁력을 강화하는 방안으로 건설노동자들의 사회보험 의무가입이 절대적으로 필요하다는 인식아래 사회보험 의무가입을 위한 기금확충 규모를 분석하고 이를 실현하기 위해 사회보험 가입조건 완화를 비롯하여 적정임금 도입, 직접시공과 같은 구체적인 정책적 과제를 탐색한다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.459-485
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• 2011

본 연구는 매도인의 서류교부의무에 관하여 규정하고 있는 CISG의 제30조와 34조의 내용을 무역관습인 Incoterms 및 신용장통일규칙(UCP)과 관련하여 해석하고, 서류교부의무의 위반이 매수인에게 어떤 법적 구제권을 부여하는지를 규명한다. CISG는 제 30조와 34조에 매도인의 서류교부의무에 관한 규정을 두고 있으나 서류의 종류, 서류교부 시기, 장소, 형식 등에 대해서는 별도로 규율하지 않고 계약 및 관습(usage)에 의존하고 있다. 이에 따라 계약에 명시적인 규정이 없는 경우 Incoterms와 신용장통일규칙이 협약을 보완하여 적용된다. 매도인이 계약에 적합한 서류를 정해진 시기, 장소, 형식에 따라 교부할 의무를 이행하지 않는 경우 협약의 제45조에 의해 이행청구권, 계약해제권 및 손해배상청구권 등의 구제권이 매수인에게 부여된다. 그러나 계약해제권의 경우 협약이 계약의 유지를 기본 정신으로 하고 있으므로 매우 제한적으로 인정되는 경향이 있다.