• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.754-766
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• 1997

In this paper,we implement the Audit Trail Service Sydtem for the EDI Security.It has solved a law dispute between enterprises by informations that have generated by the EDI serice systrm.The audit trail service sys-tem implemented for EDI security satisfied the requirements of audit and the protocol of the security serive of X.435 and X.400.The EDI Security Audit System consists of the event discrimiator,the audit recirder,the audit archiver,and the provider of audit services .The event discriminator classified the reansmitted data from the EDI network ot audit sercices.The audit recorder constructs an index that has combined time information wiht audit unformations which are classified by the event discriminator.ZThe audit archiver performas the vacumming of added audit imformations by passing time by passing time.The audit provider is a module that carries out the audit trail servies by using stored audit informations. The audit provider suports audit servies,which are non-requdiation,proof and probe,controller of security,and accesing infrimation.The audit trail service system for EDI security constructs audit information by using index that is combining time imfromation,so it supports especially fast accesing audit information.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1001-1010
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• 2021

Smart factories are complex systems which combine latest information technology (IT) with operation technology (OT). A smart factory aims to provide manufacturing capacity improvement, customized production, and resource reduction with these complex technologies. Although the smart factory is able to increase the efficiency through the technologies, the security level of the whole factory is low due to the vulnerability transfer from IT. In addition, the response and restoration of the business continuity plan are insufficient in case of damage due to the absence of factory security experts. The cope with the such problems, we propose an information security practice content for analyzing the damage by generating ransomware attacks in a digital twin-based smart factory similar to the real world. In our information security content, we introduce our conversion technique of physical devices into virtual machines or simulation models to build a practical environment for the digital twin. This content generates two types of the ransomware attacks according to a defined scenario in the digital twin. When the two generated attacks are successfully completed, at least 8 and 5 of the 23 virtual elements are take damage, respectively. Thus, our proposed content directly identifies the damage caused by the generation of two types of ransomware in the virtual world' smart factory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1226-1233
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• 2015

The intake patterns and attitudes towards development of functional kimchi among middle and high school students in Busan area were studied. Nine hundred respondents, consisting of middle and high school students, were surveyed. A total of 833 completed copies of the questionnaire were used in this research. Respondents preferred kimchi due to its 'ot taste' (49.2%) and 'alty taste' (17.9%), but they did not like kimchi due to its 'our taste' (33.8%) and 'eotgal taste' (22.9%). Most students (64.3%) consumed kimchi at home, 68.1% of students ate kimchi more than twice a day, and 27.4% of students consumed 3~4 pieces (size of a piece: $3{\timess}4cm$) of kimchi per meal. Students showed a strong desire to develop kimchi with a good taste at school food services (65.1%). They also showed intentions to increase intake of kimchi if 'aste of kimchi' (80.6%), and 'ealth functionality of kimchi' (65.2%) are strengthened. Students wanted kimchi to contain the following fruits: pears (41.3%), apples (24.6%) and pineapples (10.3%). Finally, students showed a desire to develop kimchi that helps growth and development (59.5%), weight loss (40.4%), and learning ability improvement (32.8%). This study concludes that it is necessary to increase kimchi intake in school foodservices by developing new kimchi recipes that meet students' desires and by educating students about the health benefits of kimchi.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1997

Adrenal chromaffin cells secrete catecholamine in response to acetylcholine. The secretory response has absolute requirement for extracellular calcium, indication that $Ca^{2+}$ influx through voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel (VDCC) is the primary trigger of the secretion cascade. Although the existence of various types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels has been explored using patch clamp technique in adrenal chromaffin cells, the contribution of different types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels to catecholamine secretion remains to be established. To investigate the quantative contribution of different types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels to cate-cholamine secretion, $Ca^{2+}$ current($I_{Ca}$) and the resultant membrane capacitance increment($\Delta{C}_{m}$) were simultaneoulsy measured. Software based phasor detector technique was used to monitor $\Delta{C}_{m}$. After blockade of L type VDCC with nicardipine (1$\mu$M), $I_{ca}$ was blocked to 43.85$\pm$6.72%(mean$\pm$SEM) of control and the resultant ㅿC$_{m}$ was reduced ot 30.10$\pm$16.44% of control. In the presence of nicardipine and $\omega$-conotoxin in GVIA(l$\mu$M), an N type VDCC antagonist, $I_{ca}$ was blocked to 11.62$\pm$2.96% of control and the resultant $\Delta{C}_{m}$ was reduced to 26.13$\pm$8.25% of control. Finally, in the presence of L, N, and P type $Ca^{2\pm}$ channel antagonists(nicardipine, $\omega$-Conotoxin GVIA, and $\omega$-agatoxin IVA, respectively), $I_{ca}$ and resultant $\Delta{C}_{m}$ were almost completely blocked. From the observation of parallel effects of $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonists on $I_{ca}$ and $\Delta{C}_{m}$, it was concluded that L, N, and also P type $Ca^{2+}$ channels served and $Ca^{2+}$ source for exocytosis and no difference was observed in their efficiency to evoke exocytosis amost L, N, and P type $Ca^{2+}$ channels.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.506-511
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• 1997

To understand the clinical results of aortic root replacement with either inclusion or open technique, we analysed 53 patients who underwent replacement of the aortic root with composite graft between October,1980, and May, 1995. Annuloaortic ectasia was the most common indication for operation(29 patients), follwed by aortic dissection(22 patients). Among 53 patients, 19(35%) had Marfan syndrome. Three patients died during hospitalization (Mortality: 5.5%). The follow up was possible in 48 patients(Follow-up rate; 94%,mean duration;37 months). The actuarial survival rate at 24 months was 95% in open technique group, and 87% in inclusion technique group. Late complications developed in 10 patients. Dissecting aneurysm in the remaining aorta was noted in 3 patients with inclu ion 1,schnique, and a pseudoaneurysm from coronary artery anastomosis site developed in a patient with inclusion technique. In conclusion, there was no statistical differences in survival for 24 months between inclusion technique and open technique group. But late problems in the remaining aorta or death from unknown cause occurred with moderate frequency : careful follow-up after aortic root replacement thought to be important for long term survival.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

When L. monocytogenes ($10^{5}CFU/mL$) at exponential phase cells were heated for 5 min at $65^{\circ}C$ in the presence of the bacteriocin (30 BU/mL) produced by E. faecium MJ-14, the number of viable cells was markedly reduced at p < 0.05. The bactericidal effect of bacteriocin showed synergism with combination ot organic acids (citric acid or acetic acid) or chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate). For example, the number of viable cells was reduced by 4.8 log units under combination of the bacteriocin (30 BU/mL) and sodium nitrate ($100{\mu}g/mL$), while it was reduced by 1.1 log unit only under single treatment of the bacteriocin after 12 k at $37^{\circ}C$. The addition of the bacteriocin (300 BU/mL) into skim milk inoculated with L. monocytogenes ($10^{5}$CFU/mL) reduced the cells by 1.5 log unit, in case of the cell suspension stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Moreover, L. monocytogenes was reduced by 2 log unit when stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days in gound pork added with 300 BU/mL of 린e bacteriocin.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2005

Three hundred sixty-eight samples of domestic PVC food packaging were analyzed fir DEHP(di-(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate) used in plasticizer by GC/FID and GC/MSD. The number of samples collected were 47(2000), 143(2001), 88(2002) and 89(2004) from local markets in Gyeonggi-Do. In $2000\∼2001$, DEHP was highly detected in 86 out of 190 samples and the level of DEHP were ranged from 1.3 g/kg to 82.8 g/kg. In 2002, meanwhile, DEHP was detected in 8 out ot 88 samples and the level of DEHP were shown to from 1.3 g/kg to 51.5 g/kg. In 2004, DEHP was detected in only one out of 89 samples and the amount was 30.5 g/kg. As a result of this study, it was made clear that the detection rates of DEHP in PVC food packaging were rapidly decrease every year.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.574-580
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• 2019

ATP drives the conformational change of the group II chaperonin from the open lid substrate-binding conformation to the closed lid conformation to encapsulate an unfolded protein in the central cavity. It is thought that the folding activity of group II chaperonin is strongly correlated with the ATP-dependent conformational change ability. In order to confirm the dependence of the reaction temperature and ATP concentration of PhCpn, the ATPase activities were measured under different reaction temperatures and ATP concentrations. The maximal ATPase activity of PhCpn was observed at 80℃ and 3 mM ATP concentration. As a result of ATPase activity according to the type of salt ions, the highest activity was observed at 300 mM LiCl among the univalent cations and 5 mM MgCl₂ among the divalent cations, respectively. The values of Km and Vmax for ATP substrate were estimated as 2.17 mM and 833.3 μM/min, respectively. This results provide the enzymatic information of PhCpn when the prolonged and high activities of pharmaceutical and industrial proteins (or enzymes), by using chaperonin molecules, are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-78
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to verify the factors determining core journals in a field based upon the results of the citation analysis of the journals in the field of Korean History(KH). In order to verify the determinant factors, dividing the articles of the KH journals into their novelty and author's seniority, the following hypotheses were established. Hypothesis 1: When a KH journal publishes more articles on prehistoric and ancient eras than others, the journal will have higher chance to be included in the core journals. Hypothesis 2: When a KH journal publishes more articles by senior researchers than others, the journal will have higher chance to be included in the core journals. To achieve the purpose, the cited articles found in the two sample journals, namely, Backsan Hakbo and Hanguksa Yongu were analysed during the past 20 years from 1962 to 1981. Applying the Hirst's Discipline Impact Factor method to the the study, Historical Science Impact Factor(HSIF) on the samples itself and the historical era dealt with in the articles and the seniority of the authors during every five-year period. Based upon thr present study to ver~fy the two hypotheses, the following conclusions have been reached. 1) Tht. most influencing sublect mattcr era or1 thix liSIF of the lo~lrual is arranged in prehistoric arid ancient, Koryo, Chosun, recent era, and the others by order of era. 2 ) Clial~g~~lg a fringe or semicore journal u~to a core j ~ u r n a l , very IISIF' 011 it> article e r a 1s grown up arrd prcllistoric a ~ ~ d ancierlt era:. are, s p c c ~ a l l ~ , incr.eased high relatively. Char~ging a core journal int:~ a fr~ngr or semicort. journal, t.very IISIF ti dropped and prel~istc~ric and ancieut taras arc, fallen sharp relatively. 3) The most irlflr~encin~ s~niority 011 the t1SII- of ihc journal I. the senior.., written or1 prehistoric and ancient eras. Above all, the senilir'b HSIF olr prehistoric anti anclent e r a s a r e most ~nfluencing the cliangi~rg of the core journal into the fringe ur bemicore. .i) flypothesis fl is no1 vcrif~ed i r t general. T l ~ e rt, lative connections bet wee^^ the senior's HSIF 011 each era and tht, ~ l ~ a l ~ g i t l g of the tort. ji1ur.tia1 arc \:er~fied in part hut r~ot in the wliole. 5) 'The reason why the 11SIF or1 prehistori~. arid ar~cic~nt e r a s is higl~er than others can be assumed becaltic the new <, xcavations a r r contit~ued actively i l l the prrsr.llt as to the relics arid remains or1 that eras. Accordingly, the HSIF' r i l l thr 11ew 3ubject matter l~ke arcl~acmlogy trends to grow up greatly. Bctween the senior's and juriior's JISIE', junior'.; is higl~er than s., nior's except ancient e r a . That reason can be assumed bccausr Iunlorb t r j to solve the ex~sting problems thr~urglr their ow11 new viewpoints and sights. So, i t should be studied whether the 11SlF on the artic1t.s of the new subject matters and viewpoirrts is influenced to the changing of the core jorlrnal or not.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

Methyl alcohol is one of the basic intermediates in the chemical industry and is also being used as a fuel additive and as a clean burning fuel. In this study, conversion of carbon dioxide to methyl alcohol was investigated using catalytic chemical methods. Ceramic monoliths (M) with $400cell/in^2$ were used as catalyst supports. Monolith-supported CuO-ZnO catalysts were prepared by wash-coat method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using ICP analysis, TEM images and XRD patterns. The catalytic activity for carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methyl alcohol was investigated using a flow-type reactor under various reaction temperature, pressure and contact time. In the preparation of monolith-supported CuO-ZnO catalysts by wash-coat method, proper concentration of precursors solution was 25.7% (w/v). The mixed crystal of CuO and ZnO was well supported on monolith. And it was known that more CuO component may be supported than ZnO component. Conversion of carbon dioxide was increased with increasing reaction temperature, but methyl alcohol selectivity was decreased. Optimum reaction temperature was about $250^{\circ}C$ under 20 atm because of the reverse water gas shift reaction. Maximum yield of methyl alcohol over CuO-ZnO/M catalyst was 5.1 mol% at $250^{\circ}C$ and 20 atm.