• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 1992

Achromobacter xylosoxidans KF701 and Pseudomonas putida (NAH7) were significantly different in degradative capability of aromatic compounds including benzoates, biphenyls, and naphthalene. However, both of the bacterial strains can grown on catechol as the sole carbon and energy source. Catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase gene for naphthalene oxidation or biphenyl oxidation was cloned into Escherichia coli HB 701. A E. coli HB 101 clone containing catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase gene from P. putida (NAH7) contains a recombinant plasmid with 3.60kb pBR322 and 6-kb insert DNA. Another E. coli HB101 clone containing catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase gene from A. xylosoxidans KF 701 has a recombinant plasmid with 4.4kb pBR322 and 10-kb insert DNA. Physical maps of the recombinant plasmids were constructed, and catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase gene in the recombinant plasmide was further localized and subcloned int M13. The cloned-catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase game products were identified as yellow bands on nondenaturaing polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis followed by activity staining with catechol solution.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.231-242
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the bond strength of the core-veneer interface in all ceramic systems. Material and Methods: The all ceramic systems tested with their respective veneer were IPS Empress 2 with IPS Eris, IPS e.max Press with IPS e.max Ceram and IPS-e.max ZirCAD with IPS e.max Ceram. Cores (N=36, N=12/group, diameter: 10mm, thickness: 3mm) were fabricated according to the manufacturer's instruction and cleaned with ultrasonic cleaner. The veneer(diameter: 3mm, thickness: 2mm) were condensed in stainless steel mold and fired on to the core materials. After firing, they were again ultrasonically cleaned and embedded in acrylic resin. The specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 week. The specimens were placed in a mounting jig and subjected to shear force in a universal testing machine(Z020, Zwick, Germany). Load was applied at close to the core-veneer interface as possible with crosshead speed of 1.00mm/min until failure. Average shear bond strengths(MPa) were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test(${\alpha}=.05$). The failed specimens were examinated by scanning electron microscopy(JSM-6360, JEOL, Japan). The pattern of failure was classified as cohesive in core, cohesive in veneer, mixed or adhesive. Results: The mean shear bond strength($MPa{\pm}SD$) were IPS e.max Press $32.85{\pm}6.75MPa$, IPS Empress 2 $29.30{\pm}6.51MPa$, IPS e.max ZirCAD $28.10{\pm}4.28MPa$. IPS Empress 2, IPS e.max Press, IPS e.max ZirCAD were not significantly different from each others. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that adhesive failure did not occur in any all ceramic systems. IPS Empress 2 and IPS e.max Press exhibited cohesive failure in both the core and the veneer. IPS e.max ZirCAD exhibited cohesive failure in veneer and mixed failure.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1983

The author measured the degree of alveolar bone resorption around mandibular central incisors in Korean female(254). Mandibulr central incisors were selected from the females who do not have periodontal disease or malocclusion. The selected radiograms were enlarged in the $5"\times7"$ printing papers for the precise measuring. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The average alveolar bone resorption around mandibular central incisors in Korean women were 1.91mm in 3rd decade, 2, 16mm in 4th decade, 2.51mm in 5th deacade, 2.70mm in 6th decade, 2.94mm in older age group. 2. Alveolar bone resorption and age were in positive correlation; there is a tendency that the alveolar bone resorption increase with aging. 3. The regression equation is as follows. Y=13.57x + 7.06(r=0.60, n=254) (Y=estimated age, x=Length(C-E Junction alveolar crest)lar crest)

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2014

Submerged bodies such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) or remotely operated vehicles (ROV) are widely used in various fields of exploring underseas. Those bodies keep ballasting and deballasting for stable navigation and operation. Identifying the internal volumetric spaces of the bodies is a primary step for such an operation. Unfortunately, most CAD models given to the engineer do not properly represent the compartments since each face of a compartment exists as an independent entity rather than as a face that belongs to the compartment. In this paper, an algorithm that automatically identify the faces as a group that forms a closed volumetric space, i.e., a compartment is presented. A submerged body is sliced into a number of cross sections. Each sliced section is analyzed to yield closed loops that are sections of the compartment. Then, the associated closed loops are gathered along the longitudinal direction to form a compartment. The algorithm presented is shown to provide a practical and reasonable solution that can readily be used in various applications.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

Autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) is the neuromuscular junction disorder mostly caused by antibody against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR antibody) at the muscle endplate. The goal of treatment is to induce and maintain remission, i.e., absence of symptoms, with the least cost-to-benefit ratio. Although corticosteroids are effective in inducing remission in most patients, they have numerous potentially serious adverse effects with their long-term use. In addition, some patients do not respond or are intolerant to the conventional treatment. In this article, we discuss the difficulties encountered in long-term immunosuppressive treatment of MG, and review useful tips for the use of corticosteroids. Long-term immunosuppressive agents that can be used in steroid-refractory or -dependent patients will be reviewed with their safety profiles and efficacy in MG.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.51-67
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• 1999

The growth of crystals with high melting points tfus$\geq$1$600^{\circ}C$ faces the researcher with experimental problems, as the choice of materials that withstand such high t is rather limited. Many metallic construction materials are in this high t range already molten or exhibit at least a drastically reduced mechanical strength. The very few materials with tfus》1$600^{\circ}C$ as e.g. W, Mo, and partially even Ir are more or less sensitive against oxygen upon heating. Whenever possible, high t crystal growth is performed under inert atmosphere (noble gases). Unfortunately, any oxides are not thermodynamically stable under such conditions, as reduction takes place within such atmosphere. A thoroughly search for suitable growth conditions has to be performed, that are on the one side "oxidative enough" to keep the oxides stable and on the other side "reductive enough" to avoid destruction of constructive parts of the crystal growth assembly. The relevant parameters are t and the oxygen partial pressure pO2. The paper discusses quantitatively relevant properties of interesting oxides and construction materials and ways to forecast their behavior under growth conditions.r growth conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1486-1493
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated whether galactooligosaccharide (GOS) can be stably and steadily synthesized using immobilized ${\beta}$-galactosidase (${\beta}$-gal) inclusion body (IB)-containing E. coli cells during long-term repeated-batch operation. To improve the operational stability of this enzyme reactor system, immobilized E. coli cells were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) after immobilization of the E. coli. When we treated with 2% GA for E. coli crosslinking, GOS production continued to an elapsed time of 576 h, in which seven batch runs were operated consecutively. GOS production ranged from 51.6 to 78.5 g/l ($71.2{\pm}10.5$ g/l, n = 7) during those batch operations. In contrast, when we crosslinked E. coli with 4% GA, GOS production ranged from 31.5 to 64.0 g/l ($52.3{\pm}10.8$, n = 4), and only four consecutive batch runs were operated. Although we did not use an industrial ${\beta}$-gal for GOS production, in which a thermophile is used routinely, this represents the longest operation time for GOS production using E. coli ${\beta}$-gal. Improved stability and durability of the cell immobilization system were achieved using the crosslinking protocol. This strategy could be directly applied to other microbial enzyme reactor systems using cell immobilization to extend the operation time and/or improve the reactor system stability.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1987

Seed dormancy and germination responses to light and gases were determined for Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. E. colons seeds did not require a period of after-ripening for breaking dormancy. Water movement occurred readily across the seed coat. Repeated cycles of hydration and dehydration reduced viability and thence germination. Water imbibition for 24 h increased seed moisture by 21%; seeds returned to their original weight after drying at room temperature for 13 h. Removal of seed-coats increased germination in the dark. Light stimulated germination. Germination at a daylight intensity of 51.9 $Wm^{-2}$ or less was significantly reduced. Germination of seeds which were exposed to light for 1 h each day was significantly less than that of seeds exposed for longer than 2 h a day. Seeds subjected to blue light had delayed and decreased germination compared to seeds exposed to red light. Ethylene or carbon dioxide exogenenously added in the presence of light stimulated germination. The addition of the two gases together had a synergistic effect. In the dark, however, the two gases did not increase germination.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.93-112
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• 2019

Calf diarrhea is a common disease in young claves and is still a major cause of productivity and economic loss in livestock farms. Fecal samples from Korean native cattle (n=100) with diarrhea from 64 farms in Gwangju area, Korea from september 2017 to December 2018 were examined for shedding of important protozoan parasitic, viral and bacterial pathogens using culture, rapid test kit and PCR methods. Of 57 (89.1%) of the 64 Korean native cattle farms examined had samples infected with at least one of the investigated pathogens. Among 100 fecal samples, 88 samples were positive for at least one the twelve pathogens and 51 samples were simultaneously positive for two or more pathogens by culture and PCR assay. Bovine group A rotavirus (BRV) was the most common pathogen, found in 43/100 (43.0%) samples on 32/64 (50.0%) farms. Subsequently, kobuvirus (30.0%), pathogenic E. coli (29.0%), bovine parvovirus (17.0%), Giardia spp. (13.0%), Eimeria spp. (10.0%), Clostridium perfringens type A (8.0%), bovine torovirus (8.0%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (6.0%), bovine coronavirus (5.0%), bovine norovirus (2.0%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2.0%) were detected. Nebovirus, kırklareli virus, bovine adenovirus, Salmonella spp. and intestinal parasites were not detected. Of the 72 calves sampled in this age group, 64 (88.9%) samples were positive for at least one enteropathogen. BRV was identified in 34/72 (47.2%) samples from 27/48 (56.3%) farms. Subsequently, pathogenic E. coli (30.6%), kobuvirus (29.2%), BPaV (22.2%), Giardia spp. (15.3%), Eimeria spp. (9.7%), BVDV (6.9%), Cl. perfringens type A (6.9%), BCoV (4.6%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2.8%) were detected in fecal samples. A total of ninety-six strains of E. coli were isolated from one hundred fecal samples collected from Korean native cattle with diarrhea. The presence of stx1, stx2, eaeA, LT, STa, STb, ehxA, saa, F4, F5(K99), F6, F17, F18 and F41 genes in the isolates was investigated by PCR. Out of ninety-six E. coli isolates screened for specific genes, 30 strains E. coli were identified to harbor shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) 7 (7.3%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 8 (8.3%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 6 (6.3%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 2 (2.1%) and STEC/ETEC hybrid 7 (7.3%). This study provides epidemiological estimates of the prevalence of Korean native cattle's enteropathogens in Gwangju area, Korea, which would be used for cattle farmers and veterinarians to select appropriate therapeutic method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to search the architectural forms including the residence plan and wooden structure and the measuring unit in building sites named Bang in Gyeong_Ju, the capiatal of Silla dynasty. It includes the following three historic sites: JaMaeJung-ji, the east district of HwangLyong-sa (S1E1) and InWang-dong historic site. Especially, the data from excavating and studying the east district of HwangLyong-sa were very precious and meaningful. The results were as follows: 1) There are individual characteristics at the sites of JaMaeJung-ji, the east district of HwangLyong-sa and InWang-dong. 2) It is assumed that the builldings of the east district of HwangLyong-sa had most various types of plan and various types of wooden structures. 3) There were various types of wooden structures like as symmetrical or asymmetrical style, regular columnar or irregular columnar style and a third purlin location or a forth purlin location. 4) This study also showed there's a high probability that buildings at Bang sites had been built by the Tang dynaty scale. In Silla dynasty, there was similar tendency to BackJe Dynasty in the way that measuring unit changed according to the times.