• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.271-293
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• 2012

As service industry became more important, many of studies have been done on the role of service. Such studies has been researched focusing on the relationship between the service intensity in the economy and a country's productivity. Baumal(1967) suggested that service growth in economy would bring about decrease in productivity. However, the economy of developed countries encounter with the productivity growth as their economy grows, which phenomenon called Baumol's paradox. Oulton (1999, 2001) find out the reason of Baumol's paradox in a forward and backward chain effects. So, this paper is aimed at verifying the theory of Oulton (1999, 2001) for 13 OECD countries using panel data analysis. We find out that the intermediate knowledge-intensive service inputs cause a multifactor productivity growth.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2014

After the oil crisis in 1970s, many countries have tried to reduce oil dependency. Especially, in Korea, rapid declining oil consumption has speedily brought to electrification and a surge in electricity demand. This paper attempts to estimate the relationship between declining oil use and electrification in Korea using OECD panel data covering from 1985 to 2011. To this end, random effect model and fixed effect model are employed. The increase in the ratio of energy oil to total energy consumption by 10%p leads to reduce the electricity demand by about 15%. This result can be useful information to cope with the recent crisis of electric power. In addition, industrial sector is ranked in forth the ratio of industrial electricity use to total electricity use according to the result of comparative analysis of electricity consumption by use in OECD countries. Therefore, industrial sector should be treated as the main target of demand-side management policies for electricity.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.203-218
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• 2022

The global value chain, as a major feature of the contemporary global economic system, has been mainly led by developed countries. Whereas developing countries have taken the relatively low value-added activities and this made geographical imbalances in value distribution. This imbalance in value distribution, however, began to gradually alleviated. Related to this phenomenon, the purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting factors. Focused on the method of upgrading the industry in the global value chain, the impact on the acquisition of value-added in developing countries was analyzed among the various factors to achieve the research purpose. Panel analysis was conducted on all industries, food and tobacco industries, textile and clothing industries, computer and electornics industries, and automobile industries of the OECD Value-Added Trade Data (TiVA). As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that in all industries, value-added acquisition in developing countries was improved by increased total production, high value-added product production and participation in early stage. The analysis results by detailed industry showed slightly different patterns depending on the characteristics of each industry.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2013

최근 들어 개인정보 유출 사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있어, 개인정보 보호를 위한 법제도적 대책뿐만 아니라 기술적 보호대책의 강화가 요구되고 있다. 그러나 국가마다 지역마다 서로 다른 개인정보보호관련 법 제도적 요구사항의 상이는 서로 다른 보호조치 수준을 초래하며, 이는 궁극적으로 국가 간 또는 지역 간 개인정보의 자유로운 이전의 커다란 장애물이 되고 있다. 따라서 글로벌하게 합의된 프라이버시 원칙이 요구되었으며, 이에 기반을 둔 보호대책(control)의 개발이 필요하게 되었으며, 이 보호대책은 기업에 의해 수립되는 개인정보보호관리체계 (PIMS, personal information management system)의 인증 기준이 되며, 개인정보관리체계의 인증은 국가간 개인정보보호의 원만한 이동을 가능케 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 각각 경제협력개발기구(OECD), 아시아태평양경제협력기구(APEC), 그리고 국제표준화 기구인 ISO/IEC, 그리고 한국 정보통신기술협회(TTA) 정보통신단체표준에서 정의된 프라이버시 원칙을 살펴보고, 각 프라이버시 원칙을 비교한다. 또한, 최근 구글의 개인정보통합관리에 대응할 수 있는 비연결성(unlikability) 원칙을 포함한 추가적인 프라이버시 원칙도 제시한다. 참고로 본 논문의 내용은 TTA 표준[4] 개발 시에도 반영 되었다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2005

정보통신환경발달과 함께 지식사회에서 암호의 역할이 증대됨에 따라 OECD의 암호정책가이드라인 공표를 시점으로 각 국은 자국의 신정에 맞는 새로운 암호정책을 세우고 이에 따른 법$\cdot$제도를 정비하기 위해 본격적인 노력을 기울여오고 있다. 하지만 암호는 개인의 프라이버시를 보호할 수 있는 가장 유용한 수단인데 반해 암호의 범죄이용 등으로 인한 국가의 안녕과 법질서 혼란을 초래할 수 있다는 역기능도 상존하고 있다. 각 국의 정부는 이러한 우려 때문에 암호이용을 제한적으로 규제하려는 정책을 시도하여 왔으나 시민단체의 반대에 부딪쳐 암호의 자율이용 원칙과 국가 합법적 통제제고의 균형을 맞출 수 있는 암호정책을 세우는데 고심하고 있다. 본 교에서는 미국, 영국, 프랑스, 중국 등 주요 국가론 중심으로 암호이용을 활성화하고 암호의 역기능을 방지하기 위해 세운 암호정책 및 암호이용 관련 법제도 현황을 살펴보았다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

This paper aims to measure and analyze R&D productivities and efficiencies of 17 major OECD countries including Korea over the 1984-2008 period by using the Malmquist Productivity Index and Data Envelopment Analysis, classifying R&D performance into an output and outcome aspects. It also searches the Korea's current status and characteristics in each R&D stage to enhance Total Factor Productivity (TFP) compared with other developed countries. Our major findings are the followings: (i) Korea's productivity index of R&D input vis-a-vis R&D output is very high (13.39% annual growth rate) compared with those of major advanced countries, whereas the annual average of efficiency index is very low (0.33), i.e. Korea's technical efficiency index has risen to 0.83 at the last time series started at 0.10 point and come up to the level of major advanced countries. (ii) the Korea's productivity index of R&D output vis-a-vis R&D outcome is very low (14.02% annual reduction rate) compared with those of major advanced countries, whereas the annual average of efficiency index is very high (0.22), i.e. Korea's integrated frontier technical efficiency index has dropped to 0.057 at the last time series started at 1.00 point and coming up to the level of major advanced countries. (iii) The productivity of R&D input vis-a-vis R&D outcome is positively correlated with that of R&D output vis-a-vis R&D outcome and the growth of R&D input factors. In a nutshell, it implicates that the effort to take advantage of R&D outputs, namely establishing the diffusion and commercialization system of technical knowledge to the level of developed countries, should be strengthened over that on the growth of R&D investment and output for enhancing R&D productivity and efficiency in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.51-71
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to clarify macro causes influencing on the diversity of single-mother households poverty among OECD Countries including Korea. This study carried out pooled time series cross-section analysis applying unbalanced panel design on the period from 1981 to 2012. There is marked diversity on single-mother households poverty. GDP per capita does not contributes to reduce poverty, and female employment rate and % population 0-14 exacerbate poverty. Several factors contribute on poverty reduction including social spending, child cash spending, union density, employment protection on regular workers, proportional representation system, cumulative left cabinet, cumulative women seat. In Korea, it needs to overcome the limit of anti-poverty strategy mainly based on economic growth and labor market flexibility. And it needs to enlarge universal welfare institutions, child benefits, work-family reconciliation policy, and to design adjusted labor market institutions including union density and employment protection, to introduce consensus political model including proportional representation system to enhance left power and women's representation.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.153-169
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• 2008

This paper examines the recently empirical test for the two types of endogenous growth models, which one is more fitted to real data. We adopt the non-stationary panel data methodologies for seeking empirical implication by using productivity and R&D data in the OECD over the past two decades. The Empirical tests show that there is a robust relationship Total Factor Productivity and R&D variables implied by semi-endogenous growth model. The relationship suggested by fully endogenous growth theory, however, is sensitive to R&D variables. Therefore, the estimation results provide empirical evidence in favour of endogenous growth theory of R&D expenditure role for sustaining economic growth. The sustained Total Factor Productivity, however, is maintained by more increasing R&D inputs for overcoming diminishing return to R&D efforts.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2021

It is analyzed that the energy pattern is affected by the social matters of the disease trend where the energy consumption has been reduced following the depression of the national economy. The campaign of social distance for the people has been done by voluntary or legally due to the epidemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some economic stimulus policies have been done in some countries including the United States, South Korea, and some others. It is shown the susceptible, infectious, and recovered (SIR) modeling applied by system dynamics (SD) where the logical modeling is constructed with S, I, and R. Especially, the I is connected with Society including Population, Race, and Maturity. In addition, Economy and Politics are connected to Income, GDP, Resources, President, Popularity, Ruling Government, and Leadership. The graph shows the big jump on 2020 April when is the starting month of the S value multiplication. This shows the effect of the COVID-19 and its related post-pandemic trend. The trends of OECD and non-OECD are very similar and the effect of the virus hazards causes significantly to the economic depressions.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1245-1262
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 2011년 3월 한국 학교에서의 체벌이 법적으로 금지된 이후 훈육방법과 교실경영의 변화 방향을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 첫째, 한국과 해외 국가의 체벌에 대한 경향을 살펴보았다. 체벌은 한국 사회, 가정, 그리고 교육기관에서 오랜 역사를 가진 전통적인 훈육 방식으로 특히 군사부일체, 스승의 그림자는 밟지 않는다, 사랑의 매 등과 같이 스승의 권위를 근거로 행하여져 왔다. 2012년 현재 세계 국가들 중에서 59%가 체벌을 금지하고 있으며, 특히 OECD 34개국 중에서는 29개국이 체벌 금지, 한국을 포함한 4개국이 부분적 금지 등으로 대부분의 국가들이 체벌을 금지하고 있다. 둘째, 한국과 해외 국가의 교실경영 방법을 비교해 보았다. 한국에서는 문제행동의 지도방법이 벌점부여 등과 같이 단순하고 소극적이며, 교육적 효과에 대한 검증 부족, 문제행동 지도방법에 대한 사회적 합의부족 등과 같은 한계가 있었다. 해외 국가에서는 문제행동의 체계적 유형화, 문제행동의 원인 연구, 문제행동 지도방법 체계화 및 위계화, 문제행동의 예방과 지도방법의 효과 연구 등이 활발하였다. 따라서 체벌 금지 이후 한국 교실경영에 대한 시사점으로, 문제행동 지도방법에 대한 심도있는 논의, 문제행동 예방 및 지도방법에 대한 효과 연구, 교원양성 및 현직 교육에 문제행동 지도방법 교육, 학생 문제행동 지도에 대한 사회적 합의 등을 제안하였다.