• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to compare measurement precisions of the Oswestry Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and a computer adaptive testing (CAT) method. The ODQ has been regarded as one of the most reliable condition-specific measure for back pain for decades. Cross-sectional study was carried out with two independent convenient samples from two out-patient rehabilitation clinics for back pain ($n_1=42$) and non-back pain group ($n_2=42$). Participants were asked to fill out the ODQ and CAT of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Activity Measure (ICF-AM). A series of Rasch analyses were performed to calculate person ability measures. The CAT measures had greater relative precision in discriminating the groups than did the ODQ measure in comparisons of the relative precision. The CAT measure appears to be more effective than did the ODQ measure in terms of measurement precision. By administering test items calibrated in a way, CAT measures using item response theory may promise a means with measurement precision as well as efficiency.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to review existing assessment tools for patients with low back pain and improve them through combination. A total of 314 patients with low back pain participated. Their condition was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ), the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPD), and the Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS). Rasch analysis was applied to identify inappropriate items, item difficulties, and the separation index. In this study, the 'sex life' item of the ODQ (10 items) and the 'sleeping' item of the BPFS (12 items) showed misfit statistics, whereas all items of the QBPD (20 items) were appropriate. After combining the ODQ, QBPD and BPFS, Rasch analysis was applied. The 'pain intensity', and the 'sex life' item of the ODQ and the 'throw a ball' item of QBPD showed misfit statistics. These 3 items were retained for further analysis. The remaining 42 combined ODQ-QBPD-BPFS items were arranged according to difficulty. For all subjects, the most difficult item was 'pain intensity', whereas the easiest was 'take food out of the refrigerator'. As the separation index of 42 combined ODQ-QBPD-BPFS was higher than that of the three questionnaires separately, difficulty of items varied with some need for rearrangement. The results of this study confirmed the possibility and need for a new back pain disability assessment tool, and produced one. Further study is needed to refine the questionnaire in consideration of psychosocial and occupational factors.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2014

The versions of the Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ) is regarded as one of the most extensively used condition-specific instruments measuring disability resulting from low back pain. It has been shown to have adequate psychometrics, reliability, validity, and responsiveness as a whole, yet the summated total score of the instrument often provide little information to rehabilitation clinicians. A keyform analysis based on Rasch measurement model is an innovative way of illustrating the specific test items that an individual may or may not perform. By applying the keyform of the Rasch measurement model to the ODQ, rehabilitation clinicians may able to select more challenging ODQ items matching an individual's ability and document them as attainable treatment goals. The results demonstrated how a keyform analysis assist to setting possible goals for the treatment of individuals with low back pain. Forty-two individuals with low back pain were recruited from rehabilitation clinics in Gainesville, Florida. A series of Rasch analyses on the 10 items of the ODQ were performed using Winsteps software. The performance of two individuals on those 10 items was illustrated on the keyform. The keyform analysis of the Rasch measurement model may be translated into a useful tool for making clinical judgements.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to assess and modify the original classification categories of the modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and to determine the unidimensionality of the modified ODQ applying Rasch Analysis. The data were obtained from 108 work-related low back pain patients by physical therapists. Construct validity of the scale using the Rasch model required the structure of the rating scale to be modified from 6 response levels to 4 response levels. Eight items from the modified ODQ fit the Rasch model. The items, "pain intensity" and "social life" showed misfit statistics. In general, the order of item difficulty of the remaining 8 items showed a logical item difficulty hierarchy with the "changing degree of pain" item being the most difficult and the "walk" item being the easiest. The results showed that further study is needed to expand the construct of ODQ including additional higher-level items related to work activities. This study may be useful for establishing a standard method to assess the functionality of low back pain patients.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2018

본 연구는 만성 요통환자를 대상으로 치료사 손을 통한 고주파 치료 후 통증과 장애지수에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 본 연구의 기간은 2016년 4월부터 9월까지 H의원에 통원치료를 받는 만성요통 환자 21명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 고주파 치료 장비는 프랑스에서 개발한 Winback 3SE를 적용하여 시각적 상사척도(Visual Analogue Scale; VAS)와 오스웨스트리 장애 설문지(Oswestry Disability Questionnaire; ODQ)를 평가하였다. 연구결과 중재 후 시각적 상사척도(Visual Analogue Scale; VAS)는 $6.67{\pm}1.76$ 점에서 $5.52{\pm}2.03$ 점으로 유의하게 감소하였고(p<.05), 오스웨스트리 장애 설문지(Oswestry Disability Questionnaire; ODQ)에서도 $41.19{\pm}2.56$ 점에서 $35.14{\pm}5.11$ 점으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 만성요통 환자에게 고주파 치료기를 이용한 중재 방법이 통증의 감소와 장애지수의 감소를 확인하였으며, 지속적으로 다양한 질환에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2005

Melatonin, the principal hormone of the vertebral pineal gland, participates in the regulation of cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of melatonin on vascular tissues are still vague. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between phospholipase C (PLC) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling cascade in the relaxatory action of melatonin in isolated rat aorta. Melatonin induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine (PE)- and KCl-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) aortic rings. In KCl-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was not inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with NOS inhibitors, L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine (L-NNA) and L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors, methylene blue (MB) and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). In PE-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, ODQ and 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC). Moreover, in without endothelium (-E) aortic rings and in the presence of L-NNA, L-NAME, MB and ODQ in +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced residual relaxations and residual contractile responses to PE were not affected by NCDC, a PLC inhibitor. It is concluded that melatonin can evoke vasorelaxation due to inhibition of PLC pathway through the protein kinase G activation of endothelial NOS/cGMP signaling cascade.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.652-657
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• 2007

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of FOENICULI FRUCTUS freeze dry powder (FF) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and further to determine the mechanism of action of FF. The results in normal rats were as follows ; FF significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but decreased MABP, This results were suggested that FF significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. The FF-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with 1H[1,2,4]oxadizolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 ${\mu}$g/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase and indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and propranolol (PPN, 3 mg/kg, i.p.), a blocker of adrenalic f receptor and Lu-Nitro-L-Arginine (L-NNA, 1 m9/kB, i.p.), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The FFE-induced decrease in MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with L-NNA and was increased by pretreatment with PPN, Dut was inhibited by pretreatment with ODQ and IDN, This results were suggested that the mechanism of FF was mediated by nitric oxide synthase and adrenalic ${\beta}$ receptor.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

본 연구는 만성요통환자에서 PNF 기법을 이용한 요부안정화 운동이 요부 심부근의 두께 변화와 기능적 활동에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 만성 요통환자 30명을 대상으로 하였으며, 실험군을 세군으로 10명씩 무작위 할당하였다; 실험군I은 일반물리치료군(n=10), 실험군II는 일반 요부안정화운동군(n=10), 실험군III은 PNF 기법을 이용한 요부안정화운동군(n=10)으로 나누었다. VAS를 사용하여 통증 변화를 측정하였고, 초음파 장비를 사용하여 4주간의 각 운동에 따른 요부 심부근들(복횡근, 외복사근, 다열근)의 근 두께 변화를 알아보았고, ODQ, RMDQ를 사용하여 기능적 활동 수준 변화를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 실험 전 후에 실험군II와 실험군III의 비교에서 VAS와 근 두께의 변화에 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 각 실험군 간의 유의성 검정 결과, 실험군III에서 다른 군들에 비해 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. ODQ, RMDQ 검사 결과에서는 실험 전 후에 실험군II와 실험군III의 비교에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 각 실험군 간의 유의성 검정 결과, 실험군III에서 다른 군들에 비해 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 보아, PNF 기법을 이용한 요부 안정화운동은 일반 요부안정화운동에 비해 통증경감 및 요부에 위치한 심부근들의 두께 향상에 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 기능적 활동수준에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.493-498
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• 2003

Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamchotang have been used in Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a treatment for various disease. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamchotang on narepinephrine(NE) induced contraction of isolated rabbit femoral artery. Rabbits (2.0kg, female) were killed by CO₂ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the aortic ring from each rabbit was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 1.5g loading tension. The dose of NE which evoked 50% of maximal response (ED/sub 50/) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for NE (10/sup -7/～10/sup -4/M). Contractions evoked by NE (ED/sub 50/) were inhibited significantly by Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamcho-tang. The mean percent inhibition of NE induced contraction was 83.9% (p<0.01) after 150㎕/㎖ Paeoniae Radix, 101.1 %(p<0.01) after 150 ㎕/㎖, Glycyrrhizae Radix and 107.3%(p<0.01) after 150㎕/㎖ Jakyakgamcho-tang, Indomethacin slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Paeoniae Radix. Following treatment with indomethacin, the mean percent inhibition caused by 150㎕/㎖ Paeoniae Radix fell to 16.4% in femoral artery induced by NE contraction. Propranolol, ODQ, and L-NNA did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Paeoniae Radix. ODQ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix. Following treatment with ODQ, the mean percent inhibition caused by 150㎕/㎖ Glycyrrhizae Radix fell to 13.0% in femoral artery induced by NE contraction. Propranolol, indomethacin and L-NNA did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix. L-NNA slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Jakyakgamchotang. Following treatment with L-NNA, the mean percent inhibition caused by 150㎕/㎖ Jakyakgamchotang fell to 13.8% in femoral artery induced by NE contraction. Propranolol, ODQ and indomethacin did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang. These results indicate that Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamcho-tang can relax NE induced contraction of the isolated rabbit femoral artery, and that this inhibition related to nitric oxide.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2002

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effects Samyoo-tang Extract (SE) on the vascular systems, including changes in blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : The changes in rCBF were determined by Laser-Doppler flowmetry through the opened cranial method and norepinephrine (NE)-induced blood vessel contractions were determined by physiograph in the pulmonary artery of isolated rabbits. Results and Conclusion : 1. Contractions evoked by NE ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by SE in the pulmonary artery. 2. SE inhibited the relaxation of NE induced contractions pretreated with propranolol. 3. SE did not inhibit the relaxation of NE induced contractions pretreated with ODQ and L-NNA. 4. Blood pressure was not affected by SE in rats. 5. rCBF was increased by SE in a dose-dependent manner. 6. Pretreatment with propranolol was increased by SE in a dose-dependent manner in blond pressure. 7. Pretreatment with methylene blue, ODQ and L-NNA did not inhibit SE induced increased in rCBF. These results indicate that SE can relax NE-induced contraction of rabbit blood vessels and increased the changes of rCBF in rats, that relate to the sympathetic nerve system.