• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2024

Toxins produced by marine toxigenic algae have garnered growing attention due to their detrimental impacts on marine ecosystem, aquaculture, and human health. Among these, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, such as okadaic acid (OA), are of particular concern. In this study, we report the successful isolation and structural elucidation of three new derivatives of OA from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. These newly identified compounds, OA-2Me-C7, OA-2-Me-C8, and OA-1-Me-C8, were characterized through a comprehensive series of NMR experiments, combined with structural comparisons to the well-known OA. The identification of these derivatives contributes to the expanding knowledge of DSP toxin diversity and provides new insights into the structural variations of these harmful algal toxins.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4519-4525
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• 2014

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a nutritional component widely distributed in various vegetables. Although it has been well recognized for decades that OA exerts certain anti-tumor activity by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, it is still unclear that what molecular signaling is responsible for this effect. In this study, we employed cancer cell lines, A549, BXPC-3, PANC-1 and U2OS to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying OA anti-tumor activity. We found that activation of MAPK pathways, including p-38 MAPK, JNK and ERK, was triggered by OA in both a dose and time-dependent fashion in all the tested cancer cells. Activation was accompanied by cleavage of caspases and PARP as well as cytochrome C release. SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), but not SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and U0126 (ERK inhibitor), rescued the pro-apoptotic effect of OA on A549 and BXPC-3 cells. OA induced p38 MAPK activation promoted mitochondrial translocation of Bax and Bim, and inhibited Bcl-2 function by enhancing their phosphorylation. OA can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent ASK1 activation, and this event was indispensable for p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. In vivo, p38 MAPK knockdown A549 tumors proved resistant to the growth-inhibitory effect of OA. Collectively, we elucidated that activation of ROS/ASK1/p38 MAPK pathways is responsible for the apoptosis stimulated by OA in cancer cells. Our finding can contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of nutritional components.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.157-178
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• 1997

1. Only 6 libraries(23.1%) among 26 surveyed libraries have a person or part in charge of continuing education. It means that the method to select education program and education object is systemless. The 19 libraries (73.1%) encourage continuing education of librarian. 2. Compared with the group who didn't receive a formal education, the group who received have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in Internet education case. And the group that received a formal education have also a high degree in the grade of ability for job in OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction for job in the carreer is significantly different according to the formal education in Internet education case and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Sob in the scholarship are significantly different according to the formal education in internet and computer OA education case 3. Compared with the group that didn't receive periodical education the group that received periodical education have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction for Job in internet education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in the carreer are significantly different according to the periodical education in OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for businessin in the scholarship are significantly different according to the periodical education in internet and OA education case. 4. Compared with the group that didn't receive self-education the group that received self-education have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in internet and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Job in the carreer are significantly different according to the self education in internet and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Job in the scholarship are significantly different according to the self-education in internet and OA education case.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2011

Triterpenoid saponins 유도체인 OA와 UA가 치아우식증 원인균종의 하나인 Streptococcus downei의 표준균주(ATCC $33748^T$) 및 임상균주(4주)에 대하여, 액체배지희석법을 이용한 MIC값 측정 및 time-kill 분석법을 통한 살균작용 유무를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. S. downei ATCC $33748^T$ 및 S. downei 임상균주(4주)들의 OA 대한 MIC 값은 $8{\mu}g/ml$로 동일하였고, UA의 대한 MIC 값은 S. downei 표준균주와 임상균주 간에 차이가 있었다. 2. Time-kill 분석법을 실시한 결과 OA와 UA는 S. downei $33748^T$에 대하여 $2{\times}MIC$ (각각 $16{\mu}g/ml$과 $8{\mu}g/ml$) 이상의 농도에서 살균작용을 갖는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때, triterpenoid saponins 유도체인 OA와 UA는 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 중 최근에 사람의 구강 내 치면세균막에 서식하는 것으로 밝혀진 S. downei,에 대해 살균제로 작용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Background: It was hypothesized that the immunomodulating effects of moxifloxacin contribute to ameliorate oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by suppression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). This was based on observations from experiments on rats associated with neutrophilic respiratory burst, cPLA2 activity, and expressions of cPLA2, $TNF{\alpha}$, and COX-II in the lung. Methods: ALI was induced by intravenous injection of OA in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five hours after OA injection, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and numbers of BAL neutrophils were measured. As an index of oxidative stress-induced lung injury, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissues was also determined. Lung histology, immunohistochemistry and determination of activity of cPLA2 in lung tissues were carried out. In addition, Western blotting of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-II in lung tissues was performed. Results: The accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs was observed after OA injection. BAL protein was increased along with neutrophilic infiltration and migration by OA. Moxifloxacin decreased all of these parameters of ALI and ameliorated ALI histologically. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung by OA was also decreased by moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin not only suppressed cPLA2 expression in the lungs and neutrophils but also decreased cPLA2 activity in lung tissues of rats given OA. The enhanced expressions of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lung tissues of rats given OA were also suppressed by moxifloxacin. Conclusion: Moxifloxacin inhibited cPLA2 and down-regulated $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lungs of rats given OA, which resulted in the attenuation of inflammatory lung injury.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.321-325
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• 2010

구강에 상주하는 미생물 중, Streptococcus mutans는 충치 및 치주염의 원인인 치아플라그를 형성하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. Phytochemical은 식물에서 추출된 화학성분으로서, 사람의 건강에 유익한 영양물질로서 많은 연구들이 진행되어왔다. 본 연구는 이 phytochemical이 중요 구강미생물인 S. mutans에 대한 효과를 살펴보았다. 최근에 Thomson seedless raisin에서 여러 phytochemicals가 추출되었는데, 그 중 oleanolic acid (OA)와 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HF)의 임상적으로 중요한 여러 미생물에 대한 항균활성효과를 확인한 결과, OA가 그람음성균들에게는 항균활성효과가 나타나지 않았고, 그람양성균들에만 항균활성효과를 보였다. 그러나, HF의 경우에는 모든 균주에 대해 항균활성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한, OA는 S. mutans 균주의 표면부착과 생균막의 형성을 저해하기도 하였다. 따라서, 이 연구결과들은 OA가 치아에 존재하는 S. mutans의 생육 및 여러 생리적 특성들을 저해하므로 항플라그제나 항충치약으로서의 활용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2016

The emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) has changed the scholarly publishing system. Today, Open Access (OA) scholarly publishing offers free access and wide dissemination for research findings anytime and anywhere as an additional value for scholarly content. Despite the potentials of OA publishing, its adoption and use is still low.This paper determines factors influencing the adoption and use of OA publishing by academic staff in universities in Nigeria using an adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use Technology (UTAUT). The study applies methodological triangulation by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The empirical data were collected from 317 academic staff in universities in southwest Nigeria. The questionnaire forms were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) 19.0 version to generate descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance, and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Thematically, analysis also applies to the interviews. The results show that awareness, attitude, performance expectancy, Internet self-efficacy, and facilitating conditions significantly influenced the adoption and use of OA publishing. The study also reveals that due to lack of OA policy, most of the respondents did not know about OA. The findings further establish that all predictors and moderating variables jointly contributed 64.4% total variance towards the adoption and use of OA publishing. One of the implications of this study is that there is a need for adequate facilities to support adoption and use of OA publishing. The findings inform the proposed framework for improving and evaluating the adoption and use of OA publishing. The findings also have theoretical, societal, and methodological significance to all stakeholders.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis using Kellgren-Lawrence scores is commonly used to help decision-making during assessment of the severity of OA with assessment of pain, function and muscle strength. The association between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and functional/clinical outcomes remains controversial in patients with knee OA. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and knee pain associated with OA, function during daily living and sports activities, quality of life, and knee muscle strength in patients with knee OA. Methods: We recruited 66 patients with tibiofemoral knee OA and determined knee joint Kellgren-Lawrence scores using standing anteroposterior radiographs. Self-reported knee pain, daily living function, sports/recreation function, and quality of life were measured using the knee injury and OA outcome score (KOOS). Knee extensors and flexors were assessed using a handheld dynamometer. We performed Spearman's rank correlation analyses to evaluate the relationships between Kellgren-Lawrence and KOOS scores or muscle strength. Results: Kellgren-Lawrence scores were significantly negatively correlated with KOOS scores for knee pain, daily living function, sports/recreation function, and quality of life. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and knee extensor strength but not flexor strength. Conclusion: Higher Kellgren-Lawrence scores were associated with more severe knee pain and lower levels of function in daily living and sports/recreation, quality of life, and knee extensor strength in patients with knee OA. Therefore, we conclude that knee OA assessment via self-reported KOOS and knee extensor strength may be a cost-effective alternative to radiological exams.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.112-125
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of internet fashion advertisement (Ad) formats according to university students' online lifestyle. Static banner, rich media, floating, shopping, and target advertisement were selected as stimuli and a self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS PC (Ver. 16.0) was used for factor analysis, ANOVA, and Chi-square test. Factors of online lifestyle were economy, early adaption, cyberspace activity, sociability, innovation, and entertainment, and subjects were segmented into online activity (OA) retard group, OA mania group, hedonic early adapter group, and OA intermediate group. OA retard group was positive to a static banner Ad with intimacy, and OA mania group and OA intermediate group were positive to a static banner Ad with confidence, attention, and intimacy and rich media Ad and floating Ad with confidence and attention. Hedonic early adapter group was positive to a target Ad with attention and intimacy. Internet shopping mall managers should select internet Ad format after segmenting their customers according to OA lifestyle.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2014

The pentacyclic triterpenoid ursolic acid (UA) and its isomer oleanolic acid (OA) are ubiquitous in food and plant medicine, and thus are easily exposed to the population through natural contact or intentional use. Although they have diverse health benefits, reported cardiovascular protective activity is contentious. In this study, the effect of UA and OA on platelet aggregation was examined on the basis that alteration of platelet activity is a potential process contributing to cardiovascular events. Treatment of UA enhanced platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or ADP, which was concentration-dependent in a range of $5-50{\mu}M$. Quite comparable results were obtained with OA, in which OA-treated platelets also exhibited an exaggerated response to either thrombin or ADP. UA treatment potentiated aggregation of whole blood, while OA failed to increase aggregation by thrombin. UA and OA did not affect plasma coagulation assessed by measuring prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. These results indicate that both UA and OA are capable of making platelets susceptible to aggregatory stimuli, and platelets rather than clotting factors are the primary target of them in proaggregatory activity. These compounds need to be used with caution, especially in the population with a predisposition to cardiovascular events.