• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

한우 종모우의 고환둘레와 정액성상 그리고 후대희 성장 및 도체성적과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 4~8세 한우 종무우 92두를 공시하였으며 8,628개의 종모우 정액성상 그리고 종모우 후대 814e의 성장 및 도체성적을 이용하였다. 종모우의 고환둘레는 38.7${\pm}$3.73 cm, 1차 정액량, 정자농도 및 총정자수는 각각 5.63mL, 17.9${\times}10^8$/mL 및 100.34${\times}10^8$/ejaculation 이었고 2차 정액량, 정자농도, 및 총정자수는 각각 5.32mL, 15.0${\times}10^8$/mL 79.4${\times}10^8$/ejaculation 이었다. 고환둘레는 정액량(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.27, P<0.05 ; 2nd : ${\gamma}$ = 0.19, P < 0.10), 정자농도(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.05 ; 2nd : ${\gamma}$ = 0.28, P < 0.01)와 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 종모우 후대들의 생체중은 6, 12, 18, 그리고 22개월령에 각각 49.2, 281.1, 436.3 그리고 534.4kg 이었고 일당증체량은 0.81 kg/day이었다. 그리고 도체중, 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 그리고 근내지방도는 각각 313.8 kg, 77.9 cm, 0.62 cm and 2.47 이었다. 종모우의 고환둘레가 클수록 후대들의 6(${\gamma}$=0.08, P<0.10), 12(${\gamma}$=0.18, P<0.10), P<0.10), 18(${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.10), 22개월령(${\gamma}$=0.20, P<0.10)의 생체중, 일당증체량(${\gamma}$=0.25, P<0.05) 그리고 배최장 근단면적(${\gamma}$=0.19, P<0.10)이 높은 경향을 보였다. 그러나 종모우의 고환둘레와 후대들의 근내지방도 및 등지방두께와는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 종모우의 고환둘레와 정액성상 그리고 후대들의 성장률과 긍정적인 관계가 있는 경향을 보였지만 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2005

본 연구는 NCSU-23과 PZM-3 배양액에 EGF, $\beta-ME$와 glucose의 첨가가 돼지 난자의 체외성숙에 미치는 영향과 배양조건을 다르게 하여 계대배양한 섬유아세포를 이용한 핵이식배를 다른 배양액과 산소조건에서 배양하였을 때 체외발생율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 핵이식 배를 20ng/ml EGF를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $12.0\pm1.3\%,\;9.6\pm1.9\%,\;10.9\pm2.1\%,\;9.1\pm2.3\%$였다. 핵이식 배를 $25{\mu}M\;\beta-ME$를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 144시간 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $9.6\pm1.7\%,\;7.3\pm2.3\%,\;11.9\pm1.8\%$와 $7.4\pm2.1\%$였다. $\beta-ME$를 첨가한 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 $\beta-ME$를 첨가하지 않은 배양액에서 배양한 배보다 높은 체외발생율을 나타냈다. (p<0.05). 핵이식 배를 1.5mM glucose를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $9.4\pm2.2\%,\;6.8\pm2.7\%,\;10.9\pm2.4\%$와$8.9\pm2.6\%$였다. Glucose를 첨가한 NCSU-23과 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 glucose를 첨가하지 않은 배양액에서 배양한 배보다 높은 체외 발생율을 나타냈다. 핵이식 배를 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액과 $5\%$ 및 $20\%$ 산소 조건에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $11.1\pm1.8\%,\;9.8\pm1.4\%,\;12.5\pm1.6\%$와$10.9\pml.5\%$였다. NUSU-23과 PZM-3 배양액에서 $5\%$ 산소 조건에서 배양하였을 때 $20\%$산소 조건에서 배양한 난자보다 높은 체외 발생율을 나타났다. 섬유아세포를 NCSU-23 배양액에서 배양하여 공여자세포로 이용하여 10 및 $11\~15\;passage$ 이내로 계대배양하였을 때의 융합율은 $60.0\~73.3\%,\;52.5\%$였다. 섬유아세포를 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하여 공여자세포로 이용하여 10 및 $11\~15passage$ 이내의 계대배양시의 융합율은 $60.4\~75.1\%$ 및 $58.7\%$였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.855-860
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• 2009

Physicochemical properties of starches isolated from 3 new potato cultivars developed by Potato Valley Ltd. were investigated and compared to those of starch isolated from 'Superior' being distributed prominently in Korea. Significant differences were observed in physicochemical properties such as granule size, amylose content, phosphorus content, water binding capacity, swelling power, solubility, and in vitro digestibility of starches from different potato cultivars. Thermal properties were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and onset gelatinization temperatire ($T_o$), peak temperature ($T_p$), and enthalpies of gelatinization (${\triangle}H$) of different potato cultivars ranged as $58.0{\pm}0.3-61.7{\pm}0.4^{\circ}C,\;63.7{\pm}0.2-$ $66.5{\pm}0.0^{\circ}C$, and $15.6{\pm}0.5-17.0{\pm}0.3$ J/g, respectively. Pasting properties were evaluated using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA), and pasting temperature, peak viscosity, and final viscosity of different potato cultivars ranged as $65.0{\pm}0.1-68.9{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$, $8,163.7{\pm}196.3-9,035.7{\pm}6.4$ cp, and $4,397.7{\pm}166.7-7,025.0{\pm}271.3$ cp, respectively. Especially, 'Gogu valley' starch showed the highest values in the amylose and phosphorus content among tested potato cultivars and higher water binding capacity, swelling power, and solubility than those of other tested starches. And it also showed high pasting temperature, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity as compared to other tested starches.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.755-760
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• 2019

Compound samples based on the mineral-like magnesium potassium phosphate matrix $MgKPO_4{\times}6H_2O$ were synthesized by solidification of high level waste surrogate. Phase composition and structure of synthesized samples were studied by XRD and SEM methods. Compressive strength of the compounds is $12{\pm}3MPa$. Coefficient of thermal expansion of the samples in the range $250-550^{\circ}C$ is $(11.6{\pm}0.3){\times}10^{-6}1/^{\circ}C$, and coefficient of thermal conductivity in the range $20-500^{\circ}C$ is $0.5W/(m{\times}K)$. Differential leaching rate of elements from the compound, $g/(cm^2{\times}day)$: $Mg-6.7{\times}10^{-6}$, $K-3.0{\times}10^{-4}$, $P-1.2{\times}10^{-4}$, $^{137}Cs-4.6{\times}10^{-7}$; $^{90}Sr-9.6{\times}10^{-7}$; $^{239}Pu-3.7{\times}10^{-9}$, $^{241}Am-9.6{\times}10^{-10}$. Leaching mechanism of radionuclides from the samples at the first 1-2 weeks of the leaching test is determined by dissolution ($^{137}Cs$), wash off ($^{90}Sr$) or diffusion ($^{239}Pu$ and $^{241}Am$) from the compound surface, and when the tests continue to 90-91 days - by surface layer depletion of compound. Since the composition and physico-chemical properties of the compound after irradiation with an electron beam (absorbed dose of 1 MGy) are constant the radiation resistance of compound was established.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.2941-2951
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• 2023

The optimal minimum ECCD power is evaluated numerically for completely suppressing the 3/2 and 2/1 NTMs in the CFETR hybrid scenario. For two typical frequencies of ECCD sources launching from two upper launcher (UL) ports, f_ec = 210 GHz and 240 GHz with O1-mode, UL₁: (R_i, Z_i) = (8.47, 5.7) m and UL₂: (R_i, Z_i) = (8.2, 4.5) m, higher frequency of ECCD source launching from the UL₂ port is better than that low frequency counterpart from the UL₁ port. Using 240 GHz ECCD source launching from the UL₂ port, the minimum power required to fully suppress the two NTMs with precise ECCD alignment is 12.4 MW and 16.7 MW, respectively. When good alignment cannot be achieved, the results suggest that the misalignment should not exceed 0.02α, preferably 0.015α, corresponding to 4.4 cm and 3.3 cm. Considering engineering difficulty of high-frequency gyrotron sources, the optimal minimum ECCD power with the 210 GHz source launching from the UL₂ port is 17.9 MW and 20.6 MW for completely suppressing the 3/2 and 2/1 NTMs, respectively. In view of this, it is a good choice to select the 210 GHz ECCD source launching from the UL₂ port in the short and medium term.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.389-399
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• 2018

Background: The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) exerts skin-protective effects, we studied its activities in activated melanocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced keratinocytes. Methods: To confirm the antimelanogenesis effect of Pg-C-EE, we analyzed melanin synthesis and secretion and messenger RNA and protein expression levels of related genes. Ultraviolet B (UVB) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) were used to induce cell damage by ROS generation. To examine whether this damage is inhibited by Pg-C-EE, we performed cell viability assays and gene expression and transcriptional activation analyses. Results: Pg-C-EE inhibited melanin synthesis and secretion by blocking activator protein 1 regulatory enzymes such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate response element-binding protein. Pg-C-EE also suppressed ROS generation induced by $H_2O_2$ and UVB. Treatment with Pg-C-EE decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and hyaluronidases and increased the cell survival rate. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have antimelanogenesis properties and skin-protective properties through regulation of activator protein 1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein signaling. Pg-C-EE may be used as a skin-improving agent, with moisture retention and whitening effects.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1971

약제 저항성 응애류를 효율적으로 방치하기 위하여 지역별 응애계통의 약제 저항성 수준을 조사하고 유기인제계의 저항성 응애계통에 대하여 화학적 group이 다른 Alternative acaricide로 방제 시험한 결과 1. 유기인제계 (Metasystox 및 Folidol)와 유기염소제계 (C-8514)에 대한 지역 별 응애계통의 저항성 정도를 보면. 가. Metasystox에 대한 사과응애는 인주감수성 계통에 비하여 충주계통이 96배 대구계통이 52배 예산계통이 4배 춘천계통이 3배 수원계통이 2배 가량의 저항성이 생겼고 점박이응애는 감수성계통에 비교하여 대구계통이 32배, 춘천계통이 29배, 예산계통이 25배, 그리고 수원계통이 17배의 저항성을 보였다. 나, Folidol에 대한 사과응애는 감수성계통에 비교하면 충주계통은 126배, 춘천계통은 48배, 예산계통은 33배, 화성계통은 30배 그리고 수원계통이 6배의 저항성이 생겼다. 다. C-8514에 대한 점박이응애 계통은 오산 감수성 계통에 비교하여 대구 계통이 59배 충주계통이 29배 그리고 경산계통이 19배의 저항성을 보였으며 사과응애는 춘천 감수성계통에 비교하여 대구계통이 42배, 수원 및 화성계통이 31배, 그리고 충주계통이 29배의 저항성을 나타냈다. 2. 유기인제계 저항성 사과응애에 대한 교체약제의 방제시험 결과 유기염소제계인 Kelthane MF,주석제인 Plictran, Carbonate계인 Morestan 그리고 혼합제인 K 114의 효과가 우수하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.537-543
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• 1999

Whole horse beans (Vicia faba cv. Alfred) (WHB) were pressure toasted at different temperatures of 100, 118 and $136^{\circ}C$ for 3, 7, 15 and 30 minutes in order to determine an optimal heating conditions to increase bypass starch (BPSt) as glucose source which is usually limiting nutrient in highly producing dairy cows in the Netherlands. Starch (St) Ruminal Degradative Kinetics and Fermentation Characteristics of (SRDC) of WHB were determined using in sacco technique in 4 lactating dairy cows fed 47% hay and 53% concentrate according to Dutch dairy cow requirements. Measured characteristics of St were soluble fraction (S), potentially degradable fraction (D) and rate of degradation (Kd) of insoluble but degradable fraction. Based on measured characteristics, percentage bypass starch (BPSt) was calculated according to the Dutch new feed evaluation system: the DVE/OEB system. Pressure toasting temperatures significantly affected starch gelatinization (p<0.01). Degradability of Starch in the rumen was highly reduced by pressure toasting (p<0.01). S varied from 58.2% in the raw WHB (RWHB as a control) to 19.6% in $136^{\circ}C/15min$. S was reduced rapidly with increasing time and temperature (p<0.01). D varied from 41.8% in RWHB to 80.5% in $136^{\circ}C/15min$. D fraction was enormously increased with increasing time and temperature (p<0.01). Kd varied from 4.9%h in RWHB to 3.4%/h in $136^{\circ}C/15min$. All these effects resulted in increasing %BPSt from 29.0% in RWHB to 53.1% in $136^{\circ}C/15min$. Therefore BPSt increased from 93.5 g/kg in RWHB to 173.5 g/kg in $136^{\circ}C/15min$. The effects of pressure toasting on %BPSt and BPSt seemed to be linear up to the highest values tested. Therefore no optimal pressure toasting conditions could be determined at this stage. But among 10 treatments, The treatment of $136^{\circ}C/15min$was the best with the highest BPSt content. It was concluded that pressure toasting was effective in shifting starch degradation from rumen to small intestine to increase bypass starch.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

발생학에서 키메라(chimera)는 2개 이상의 다른 유전자형의 세포, 또는 다른 종의 세포로부터 만들어진 1개의 생물개체를 뜻하는 말로, 이는 초기 수정란의 발달과 포유류의 분화를 연구하는데 이용되고 있다. 키메라를 만드는 방법에는 할구와 내세포괴를 응집시키는 방법과 배반포 내에 여러 종류의 세포를 주입하는 방법이 있다 본 실험에서는 서로 다른 두 가지 방법의 활성화 처리법, 즉, ionomycin 처리 후 Cycloheximide (CHX) 또는 6-Dimetylaminopurine (6-DMAP)에 따른 단위 발생란의 분할과 단계적인 발달율을 살펴 보고자 하였으며, 서로 다른 방법에 의해 생산된 단위발생란 유래의 할구와 체외수정란 유래 할구를 응집하여 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryo)를 만든 후 체외수정란과 발달율을 비교해 보았다. 도축장 유래의 난소에서 난자를 채취하여 체외에서 22~24시간 성숙시킨 후 난구세포를 제거하고 metaphase II 단계의 난자를 5 $\mu$M ionomycin에 4분간 처리한 후, 10 $\mu$g/ml CHX/5 $\mu$g/ml cytochalasin B (CCB)에 5시간 또는 1.9 mM 6-DMAP에 4시간 처리하여 분할율과 배반포기 발달율을 비교 조사하였다. 난자 분할율에서는 체외수정란과 6-DMAP처리 단위 발생란에서 각각가 83.7 와 85.5%로 CHX/CCB 처리 단위발생란의 57.9%보다 유의적으로 높게(P<0.05) 나타났으며, 배반포기 발달율에 있어서는 체외수정란의 발달율이 27.8%로 6-DMAP처리 활성란 12.3%와 CHX/CCB 처리 활성란 5.3%보다 유의적으로 높게 (P<0.05) 나타났다. 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryo)은 서로 다른 두 가지 처리에 의해 생산된 단위발생란의 할구 2개와 체외수정란 유래의 할구 2개를 빈 투명대 내에서 응집시켜 제조하였다 빈 투명대 내에 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryos)의 8 세포기까지의 발달율은, 체외 수정란 할구 2개와 CHX/CCB 처리에 의한 할구 2개를 응집한 그룹은 46.1%, 체외 수정란 할구와 6-DMAP 유래 할구 2개를 응집한 그룹은 52.8% 였으며, handled control은 54.7%로 체외 수정란 77.7%에 비해 유의적으로 낮게(P<0.05) 나타났다. 배반포기까지의 발달율은 체외 수정란과 CHX/CCB에 의해 생산된 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryo)은 12.8%, 체외 수정란과 6-DMAP에 의한 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryo)은 18.8%로 handled control의 21.4%에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며(P<0.05), 이들 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryos)은 체외 수정란의 34.9%에 비해 유의적으로 낮게(P<0.05)나타났다. 6-DMAP 처리 단위발생이 유기된 수정란 할구 2개와 체외수정란의 할구 2개의 응집에 의한 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryos)의 발달율이 CHX/CCB와 체외수정란의 응집에 의한 키메라 수정란(chimeric embryos)에 비해 다소 높게 나타났으나, 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 본 실험의 결과 서로 다른 방법에 의한 단위 발생란 유래의 할구와 체외 수정란 유래의 할구가 응집에 의한 재조합이 가능하였고 이들을 체외에서 배양하여 배반포기의 수정란까지 발달시켰다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.78-96
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• 1973

This study of 855 clinical nurses was conducted using a questionnaire that include tour different scales; the motives of determining their profession, the attitudes toward their profession, the general items, and desire and expectation to their profession and society. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test and Percentage. The results of this study included Hypothesis are as follows; The respondents were 855 (78.6%) among 1088 clinical nurses who were employed by General of Educational hospitals through the city of Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Daejun, Kwangju, and Wonju. 1) a. In the Age Distribution, the majority of respondents were under the age of 30yrs(88.2%) and the minority were above 31yrs(11.2%), and the preponderance of the majority to minority(9:1) was noted. In compared with area, a group above 31yrs old in Seoul (6.9%) was lower than other area (16.3%). b. The types of Educational background were 16.3% in Voc.Tr. School, 66.5% in Diploma and 17.1% in Degree.146 clinical nurses were from the Degree course, and 142 (97.3%) CN among those of them were occupied around Seoul and 4(2.7%) around other area. c. In the Marital Status,71,5% were the unmarried and 28.5% were the married. And compared with the area was 20.4% in Seoul and 41.4% in other area. d. Most common Length of Clinical Experience after graduation was under tile 2yrs (55.4%), 3yrs(14.2%, and 4yrs (6.2%). In compared with area, Seoul (15.3%) was lower than other area (38.1%) above 5yrs of clinical experience, and the preponderance of tile other area to Seoul as 2.5: I was noted. 2) a. Hypothesis 1 was significant relation between the types of Educational Background of the CN and their motives for selection of Nursing, P-value was below 0.01. b. There was a significance on hypothesis 2 (P＜0.01): that was relation between their motives for selection of clinical nursing field after their graduation and the area which they were employed. c. Hypothesis 4 was accepted as significant relation between the level of satisfaction of their clinical experience after their graduation and the types of educational back ground, P-value was below 0.01. d. There was a significance on hypothesis 5(P＜0.01) that was relation between the CN's response about the orientation program and the area which they were employed. e. Hypothesis 6 was retained as significant relation between the area and inservice educational programme of their employed hospital was practising or not. P-value was 0.01. f. Hypothesis 7 was retained as significant relation between the area and the CN's response about the inservice educational programme of their employed. P-value was below 0.01. g. There was a significance on hypothesis 8 (P<0.0l) that was relation between the CN's experience on attending the professional meeting and the area. h. Hypothesis 10 was accepted as significant relation between the response about the present licence system and their educational background. p-value was below 0.01. i. There was a significance on hypothesis 11 (P fO.01) that was relation between the carrying out the regular and delivery vacation and the area. J. Hypothesis 12 was accepted as significant relation between the CN's consideration of the lack of leisure and their marital status. p-value was below 0.01' k. There was a significance on hypothesis 13 (P <0.01) that was relation between the CN's response about their salary and their marital status. l. Hypothesis 14 was significant relation between the most difficulties of CN during their working and the hospital which they were employed. p-value was below 0.01.