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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.007

Antimelanogenesis and skin-protective activities of Panax ginseng calyx ethanol extract  

Lee, Jeong-Oog (Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University)
Kim, Eunji (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Kim, Ji Hye (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Hong, Yo Han (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Kim, Han Gyung (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Jeong, Deok (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Kim, Juewon (Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center)
Kim, Su Hwan (Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center)
Park, Chanwoong (Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center)
Seo, Dae Bang (Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center)
Son, Young-Jin (Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University)
Han, Sang Yun (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Cho, Jae Youl (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.42, no.3, 2018 , pp. 389-399 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) exerts skin-protective effects, we studied its activities in activated melanocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced keratinocytes. Methods: To confirm the antimelanogenesis effect of Pg-C-EE, we analyzed melanin synthesis and secretion and messenger RNA and protein expression levels of related genes. Ultraviolet B (UVB) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) were used to induce cell damage by ROS generation. To examine whether this damage is inhibited by Pg-C-EE, we performed cell viability assays and gene expression and transcriptional activation analyses. Results: Pg-C-EE inhibited melanin synthesis and secretion by blocking activator protein 1 regulatory enzymes such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate response element-binding protein. Pg-C-EE also suppressed ROS generation induced by $H_2O_2$ and UVB. Treatment with Pg-C-EE decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and hyaluronidases and increased the cell survival rate. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have antimelanogenesis properties and skin-protective properties through regulation of activator protein 1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein signaling. Pg-C-EE may be used as a skin-improving agent, with moisture retention and whitening effects.
Keywords
Antimelanogenesis; Calyx of berry; Matrix metalloproteinases; Panax ginseng; Skin protective;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
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