• 천문학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2000

We have investigated the properties of the high-latitude cloud MBM 7 using the 3 mm transitions of CO, CS, HCN, $HCO^+,\;C_3H_2,\;N_2H^+$, and SiO. The molecular component of MBM 7 shows a very clumpy structure with a size of $\le$0.5 pc, elongated along the northwest-southeast direction, perpendicularly to an extended HI component, which could be resulted from shock formation. We have derived physical properties for two molecular cores in the central region. Their sizes are 0.1-0.3 pc and masses 1-2 M$\bigodot$ having an average volume density $\~2{\times}10^3 cm^{-3}$ at the peak of molecular emission. We have tested the stability of the cores using the full version of the virial theorem and found that the cores are stabilized with ambient medium, and they are expected not to be dissipated easily without external perturbations. Therefore MBM 7 does not seem to be a site for new star formation. The molecular abundances in the densest core appear to be much less (by about one order of magnitude) than the 'general' dark cloud values. If the depletions of heavy elements are not significant in the HLCs compared with those in typical dark clouds, our results may suggest different chemical evolutionary stages or different chemical environments of the HLCs compared with dense dark clouds in the Galactic plane.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

$Eu_2(SO_4)_3$ was synthesized by chemical precipitation method and the crystal structure was determined by Rietveld analysis. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c. In the air environment, $Eu_2(SO_4)_3$ is stable up to $670^{\circ}C$. The sample of $Eu_2(SO_4)_3$ was examined by Raman, Fourier-transform infrared absorption and luminescence spectroscopy methods. The low site symmetry of $SO_4$ tetrahedra results in the appearance of the IR inactive ${\nu}_1$ mode around $1000cm^{-1}$ and ${\nu}_2$ modes below $500cm^{-1}$. The band intensities redistribution in the luminescent spectra of $Eu^{3+}$ ions is analyzed in terms of the peculiarities of its local environment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic selenium in mushroom cultured media (MCM) on beef quality. Each five of 20 Hanwoo steers(20 - 24 month, approximately 613 kg) were assigned to four levels of the selenium content(O.l, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 dry matter based ppm), and the feeding treatments were enforced for 12 weeks. The results showed that m. longissimus from the 0.1 ppm feeding supplementation had greatly higher intramuscular fat content than other treatments(13.1 %). In meat color, the 0.1 ppm treatment showed the lowest lightness(CIE $L^*$)(P< 0.05) and had a tendency to have lower redness(CIE $a^*$). The treatment had no noticeable effect on moisture, protein, and ash content, cooking loss, water-holding capacity and purge loss. The 0.3 ppm treatment resulted in the toughest meat(assessed by WB-shear force) with 4.54 kg / inch', while other groups showed a similar toughness ranging from 3.3 to 3.7 kg/ inchl . Sensory characteristics in juiciness and flavor intensity had a tendency of increasing as organic selenium concentration increased, but tenderness was not influenced by the contents. The result indicated that the organic selenium feeding affects meat qualities to different extent, and further study is required to examine anti-oxidant effect of selenium in vivo.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

본 연구는 산란노계 사료 내 광물질 강화제의 추가적인 공급이 산란노계의 생산성, 계란 품질 및 혈청 내 칼슘, 인 농도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 사양시험은 72주령 Hy-line Brown 240수를 공시하여 4주간 실시하였다. 1) CON(basal diet), 2) ESS1(basal diet + Egg shell strengthener 0.1%), 3) ESS2(basal diet + Egg shell strengthener 0.2%) 및 4) FESS(basal diet + Fe egg shell strengthener 0.2%)로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 12수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 전체 시험 기간 동안 산란율은 대조구 및 ESS2 처리구가 ESS1 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 난각 강도 및 종료시의 난각 두께는 ESS2 처리구가 대조구 및 FESS 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 계란 품질에서 난황색은 ESS1 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 호우유닛은 ESS1 처리구 및 FESS 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 미네랄 및 비타민 강화제의 첨가는 혈청 내 Ca 및 P 함량과 난각색에 영향을 미치지 못했다. 결론적으로, 산란노계 사료에 0.2%의 미네랄 및 비타민 강화제를 첨가한 ESS2 처리구는 난각 강도와 두께가 개선되는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2003

본 시험은 자돈 및 육성돈에 있어 급여수준 및 입자도에 따른 게르마늄 흑운모의 급여가 성장능력, 영양소 소화율 및 분내 유해가스 농도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험 1은 3원 교잡종 자돈 100두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시시 체중은 13.12${\pm}$0.15kg이었다. 시험설계는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 기초사료에 게르마늄 흑운모 무첨가구(CON), 대조구 사료에 200 mesh 게르마늄 흑운모 0.5% 첨가구 (GB0.5-200) 및 1.0% 첨가구(GB1.0-200) 그리고 대조구 사료에 325 mesh 게르마늄 흑운모 0.5% 첨가구(GB0.5-325) 및 1.0% 첨가구(GB1.0-325)로 5개 처리로 하였다. 사양시험 기간동안, 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량, 사료효율에 있어서는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 분내 암모니아태 질소의 경우 GB200 처리구와 비교하여 GB325 처리구가 유의적으로 감소하였으며(P=0.01), 분내 휘발성 지방산 농도에 있어서는 대조구와 비교하여 게르마늄 흑운모 첨가구가 유의적으로 낮게 평가되었다 (propionic acid, P=0.01; butyric acid, P=0.01; acetic acid, P=0.02). 특히, 분내 propionic acid 농도는 GB200 처리구와 비교하여 GB325 처리구가 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다(P= 0.02). 시험 2는 3원 교잡종 육성돈 75두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시시 체중은 21.18${\pm}$0.15kg이었다. 시험설계는 시험 1과 동일하였다. 사양시험 기간동안, 일당증체량에 있어서는 GB1.0 처리구가 GB0.5 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다(P=0.03). 건물 및 질소 소화율에 있어서는 GB1.0 처리구가 GB0.5 처리구와 비교하여 향상되는 것으로 나타났다(P=0.01). 칼슘 소화율에 있어서는 대조구와 비교하여 게르마늄 흑운모 첨가구가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(P=0.01). 분내 암모니아태 질소 농도에 있어서는 대조구와 비교하여 게르마늄흑운모 첨가구가 유의적으로 낮았으며(P=0.01), GB200 처리구 보다는 GB325 처리구가 더 낮게 평가되었다(P=0.03). 분내 butyric acid 농도에 있어서는 GB200 처리구와 비교하여 GB325 처리구가 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다(P=0.04). 결론적으로, 자돈에 있어서는 게르마늄 흑운모의 첨가가 성장에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 분내 유해가스 농도를 감소시키는 것으로 사료되며, 육성돈에 있어서는 성장율을 향상시키면서 분내 유해가스 농도를 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2005

The effect of different surface passivation films on blue or green (465-505 nm) InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) die were examined. $SiO_2$ or $SiN_x$ deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, or $Sc_2O_3$ or MgO deposited by rf plasma enhanced molecular beam epitaxy all show excellent passivation qualities. The forward current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were all independent of the passivation film used, even though the MBE-deposited films have lower interface state densities ($3-5{\times}10^{12}\;eV^{-1}\;cm^{-2}$) compared to the PECVD films (${\sim}10^{12}\;eV^{-1}\;cm^{-2}$), The reverse I-V characteristics showed more variation, hut there was no systematic difference for any of the passivation films, The results suggest that simple PECVD processes are effective for providing robust surface protection for InGaN/GaN LEDs.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2006년도 춘계임시총회 및 제27회 학술발표대회
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

In textile industries, waste effluent containing zinc is generated during the manufacture of rayon yarn from the wood pulp or cotton linters. Due to the strict environmental regulations and the presence of toxic metallic and other constituents, the discharge of industrial effluents in the sewage or disposal of solid sludge as landfill is restricted. Before recycling of zinc as zinc sulphate solution to the spinning-bath of the rayon manufacturing plant the zinc sulphate solution must be free from calcium, which is deleterious to the process as gypsum precipitates with the increase in concentration and forms scale in the bath. In the present work an attempt has been made to develop a process following solvent extraction technique using thiophosphinic extractants, Cyanex 272 and 302 modified with isodecanol and diluted in kerosene to recover zinc from rayon effluent. Various process parameters viz. extraction of zinc from different concentration of solution, distribution ratio, selective extraction, O/A ratio on extraction and stripping from the loaded organic, complex formation in the organic phase etc. have been studied to see the feasibility of the process. The extractant Cyanex 302 has been found selective for the recovery of 99.99% of zinc from the effluent above equilibrium pH 3.4 maintaining the O/A ratio of 1/30 leaving all the calcium in the raffinate. It selectively extracted zinc in the form of complex $[R_{2}Zn.3RH]_{org}$ and retained all the calcium in the aqueous raffinate. The zinc from the loaded Cyanex 302 can be stripped with 10% sulphuric acid at even O/A ratio of 10 without affecting the stripping efficiency. The stripped solution thus obtained could be recycled in the spinning bath of the rayon plant. The raffinate obtained after the recovery of zinc could be disposed safely without affacting environment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

Background: Minor ginsenosides, those having low content in ginseng, have higher pharmacological activities. To obtain minor ginsenosides, the biotransformation of American ginseng protopanaxadiol (PPD)-ginsenoside was studied using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848. Methods: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used in enzyme purification, thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used in enzyme hydrolysis and kinetics; crude enzyme was used in minor ginsenoside preparation from PPD-ginsenoside; the products were separated with silica-gel-column, and recognized by HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Results: The enzyme molecular weight was 75 kDa; the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed the C-20 position 20-O-${\beta}$-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb1, then the C-3 position 3-O-${\beta}$-D-Glc with the pathway $Rb1{\rightarrow}Rd{\rightarrow}F2{\rightarrow}C-K$. However, the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed C-3 position 3-O-${\beta}$-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc, finally hydrolyzed 20-O-L-Ara with the pathway $Rb2{\rightarrow}C-O{\rightarrow}C-Y{\rightarrow}C-K$, and $Rc{\rightarrow}C-Mc1{\rightarrow}C-Mc{\rightarrow}C-K$. According to enzyme kinetics, $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of Michaelis-Menten equation, the enzyme reaction velocities on ginsenosides were Rb1 > Rb2 > Rc > Rd. However, the pure enzyme yield was only 3.1%, so crude enzyme was used for minor ginsenoside preparation. When the crude enzyme was reacted in 3% American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside (containing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0 for 18 h, the main products were minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K; average molar yields were 43.7% for C-Mc from Rc, 42.4% for C-Y from Rb2, and 69.5% for F2 and C-K from Rb1 and Rd. Conclusion: Four monomer minor ginsenosides were successfully produced (at low-cost) from the PPD-ginsenosides using crude enzyme.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2004

본 연구는 산란계에 Animunin Powder$^{(R)}$를 첨가 급여시 계란 품질, 혈액 성상 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 이를 위해 22주령 Hy-line Brown 270수를 공시하였고 사양시험은 10일간의 적응기간 후, 5주간 실시하였다. 시험처리구는 Animunin Powder$^{?}$의 첨가수준에 따라 1) Control(CON), 2) Control + $0.1\%$ Animunin Powder$^{(R)}$ (AM1), 3) Control + $0.2\%$ Animunin Powder$^{(R)}$ (AM2)로 3개 처리를 하여 처리당 15반복 반복당 6수씩 임의배치하였다. 산란률은 4주 동안의 기간에서 AM1 처리구가 대조구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 산란률을 보였으며(P<0.05), 8주 동안의 기간에서도 AM1 처리구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 산란률을 보였다(P<0.05). 난중에 있어서는 시험 기간동안 유의적인 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 난황색은 8주에서 AM2 처리구가 대조구 및 AM1 처리구에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). Haugh unit은 4주에서 AM 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 높은 수치를 보였다(P<0.05). 난각 강도는 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 발견하지 못하였으나, 8주에서 AM2 처리구가 대조구 및 AM1 처리구에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 난각 두께는 전 기간에 걸쳐 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청내 콜레스테롤에서는 Animunin Powder$^{(R)}$ 첨가한 시험구에서 콜레스테롤 함량이 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). RBC 및 WBC에서는 허브의 첨가 수준에 따라서 혈액내 RBC및 WBC의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Lymphocyte는 개시시와 종료시의 변화에서 AM1 처리구가 대조구와 AM2 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 4주 및 8주에서 AM1 처리구가 건물의 소화율에서 대조구 및 AM1 처리구에 비해 높은 결과를 나타내었지만 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 발견하지 못하였다. 결론적으로 산란계에 Animunin Powder$^{(R)}$를 급여 시 생산성 향상에 도움을 주리라 사료된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2005

The influence of tobacco additives on the composition of the combustion products in mainstream smoke is discussed. The effect of additives on the chemical composition of smoke have been further evaluated in order to discover additives that would alter the chemical composition of smoke. Tobacco was uniformly treated at a 1-5$\%$ level with 8 classes of additives. Group M treated with alkali metal salt and group S, F, O give lower tar, nicotine and CO values than the control. Group AN treated with natural antioxidant gives higher tar and CO values than the control. The increases are most probably due to the high transfer rate of the ingredients to smoke. M3 and P1 reduced above the $50\%$ of TSNA from the smoke. M4 and P1 reduced above the $50\%$ of HCN from the smoke. These results suggest that tobacco additives alter pyrolysis or combustion product distribution and provide fundamental data to lead the development of a RRP(reduced risk product).