Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2003.45.5.787

Effects of Feeding Levels and Particle Size of Germanium Biotite on Pig Performance  

Lee, W.B. (Dept. of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University)
Kim, I.H. (Dept. of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University)
Hong, J.W. (Dept. of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University)
Kwon, O.S. (Dept. of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University)
Min, B.J. (Dept. of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University)
Shon, K.S. (Dept. of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University)
Jung, Y.K. (Seobong Biobestech Co.)
Publication Information
Journal of Animal Science and Technology / v.45, no.5, 2003 , pp. 787-796 More about this Journal
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of germanium biotite (GB) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal gas emission in pigs. In Exp 1., a total of one hundred nursery pigs (initial body weight 13.12${\pm}$0.15kg) were used in a 21 d growth assay. The five treatments were control (CON, basal diet), GB0.5-200 (basal diet + 0.5% GB, 200mesh), GB1.0-200 (basal diet + 1.0% GB, 200mesh), GB0.5-325 (basal diet + 0.5% GB, 325mesh), GB1.0-325 (basal diet + 1.0% GB, 325mesh). Each treatment had four replicates with five pigs per replicate. ADG, ADFI and gain/feed were not significantly different among the treatments. Fecal NH3-N concentration of pigs fed the GB325 diet was lower than that of pigs fed the GB200 diet (P=0.01). The GB treatments reduced fecal volatile fatty acids significantly compared to the CON (propionic acid, P=0.01; butyric acid, P=0.01; acetic acid, P=0.02). Especially, fecal propionic acid concentration of pigs fed the GB325 diets was lower than that of pigs fed the GB200 diets (P=0.02). In Exp 2., a total of seventy five pigs (initial body weight 21.18${\pm}$0.15kg) were used in a 28 d growth assay. The treatments were same as described for Exp. 1. Each treatment had five replicates with three pigs per replicate. The GB1.0 treatments significantly increased the ADG compared to the GB0.5 treatments (P=0.03). The DM and N digestibility of pigs fed the GB1.0 diets were higher than that for pigs fed the GB0.5 diets (P=0.01). Also, the Ca digestibility of pigs fed the GB diets was higher than that for pigs fed the CON diets (P=0.01). The fecal NH3-N concentrations for the GB treatments were lower than that for the CON (P=0.01). The GB325 treatments significantly decreased the fecal NH3-N concentration compared to the GB200 treatments (P=0.03). The fecal butyric acid concentration for the GB325 treatments was lower than that for the GB200 treatment (P=0.04). In conclusion, the results obtained from these feeding trials suggest that the dietary GB for nursery pigs affects fecal noxious gas emission. In growing pigs, dietary GB was effective to improve ADG and decrease fecal noxious gas emission.
Keywords
Germanium biotite; Feeding levels; Particle size; Growth; Noxious gas emission; Pigs;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 권기범, 김인호, 홍종욱, 문태현, 최상열, 석호봉. 2001. 돼지에 있어 원적외선 방사물질의 첨가가 면역반응 및 분중 미생물의 변화에 미치는 영향. 대한수의학회지. 41:37-42.
2 권오석, 김인호, 홍종욱, 이상환, 정연권, 민병준, 이원백, 손경승. 2003. 이유자돈, 육성돈 및 비육돈에 있어 게르마늄 흑운모의 급여 효과. 한국동물자원과학회지. 45:355-368.
3 양창범, 김진동, 조원탁, 한인규. 2000. 사료중 제주 화산암 분말(Scoria)이 돼지의 산육능력에 미치는 영향. 한국동물자원과학회지. 42:467-476
4 이원백, 김인호, 홍종욱, 권오석, 민병준, 손경승, 정연권. 2003a. 육계에 있어 게르마늄 흑운모의 첨가가 성장 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향. 한국가금학회지. 30:67-72.
5 이원백, 김인호, 홍종욱, 권오석, 이상환, 민병준, 정연권. 2003b. 산란계 사료에 게르마늄 흑운모의 첨가가 난각특성 및 분내 유해가스 함량에 미치는 영향. 한국가금학회지. 30:61-66.
6 Pond, W. G., Yen, J. T. and Varel, V. H. 1988. Response of growing swine to dietary copper and clinoptilolite supplementation. Nutr. Rep. Int. 37:795.
7 AOAC. 1995. Official Method of Analysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
8 Asai, K. 1980. Miracle Cure: Organic Germanium. Japan Publications Inc., Japan.
9 Asc, H., Suzuki, F., Ebina, T. and Ishida, N. 1989. Antiviral activity of carboxythyl-germanium (Ge-132) in mice infected with influenza virus. J. Biol. Respose Mod. 8:180.
10 Chaney, A. L. and Marbach, E. P. 1962. Modified regents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry. 8:131.
11 England, D. C. 1975. Effect of zeolite on incidence and severity of scouring and level of performance of pigs during suckling and early postweaning. Rep. 17th Swine Day, Spec. Rep. 447, Agr. Exp. Sta., Oregon State Univ., 30-33.
12 Hagedorn, T. K., Ingram, D. R., Kovar, S. J., Achee, V. N., Barnes, D. G. and Laurent, S. M. 1990. Influence of sodium zeolite-A on performance, bone condition and liver lipid content of white leghorn hens. Poult. Sci. 69 (Suppl. 1): 169 (Abstr).
13 Honda, S. and Koizuimi, M. 1976. The use of zeolite mudstone in hog rasing at Ikawa-machi, Akita prefecture, Japan. Proc. & Abstracts, WEOLITE ’76-Inter. Cont Occur. Prop/ Util Nat. Zeolites, Tucson, Ar., June (Abstr).
14 Kling, H. F. and Quarles, C. L. 1974. Effect of atomospheric ammonia and the stress of infectious bronchitis vaccination on Leghorn males. Poult. Sci. 53:1161-1167.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Kondo, N. and Wagai, B. 1968. Experimental use of clinoptilolite-tuff as dietary supplements for pigs. Yonkai, May. 1-4.
16 Kovar, S. J., Ingram, D. R., Hagedom, T. K., Achee, V. N., Barnes, D. G. and Laurent, S. M. 1990. Broiler performance as influenced by sodium zeolite-A. Poult. Sci. 69 (Suppl. 1): 174 (Abstr).
17 Levine, S. and Kidd, P. M. 1986. Oxigen-nutrition for super health. J. Orthomol. Medicine 1:145-148.
18 Nishimura, T. 1973. Properties and Utilization of zeolote. J. Clay Sic. Japan. 13:23.
19 Ramos, A. J., Fink, G. T. and Hernanderz, E. 1996. Prevention on toxic effect of mycotoxins by mean of nonnutritive adsorbent compounds. J. Feed Protection. 59:631-641.
20 Sandra, G. 1988. Therapeutic Effects of Pigs. National Research Council, Academy Press. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
21 SAS. 1996. SAS user's guide. Release 6.12 edition. SAS Institute. Inc., Cary, N.C., U.S.A.
22 Suzuki, F., Brutkiewicz, R. R. and Pollard, R. B. 1986. Cooperation of lymphokine (e) and marcrophages in expression of antitumor activity of carboxyethyl-germanium (Ge-132). Anticancer Res. 62:177.