• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2003

Supplementary feeding strategies were evaluated from pre-calving throughout lactation on 24 dual-purpose Mpwapwa breed cows in their second or greater lactation, weighing 246-455 kg. The Mpwapwa breed is an established breed of 4 Bos indicus breeds and 8% of Bos taurus. The cows were penned and stall-fed individually. Eight weeks before calving to eight weeks after calving, the cows were divided into two groups and offered hay ad libitum with either 2 kg DM (L) or 4 kg DM/day (H) concentrates. Nine weeks after calving half of the cows on L-level continued with 2 kg DM/day (L-L) while the remainder received 4 kg DM concentrate daily (L-H). Half of the cows on H-group continued with 4 kg DM/day (H-H) while the remainder received 2 kg DM/day (H-L). The concentrate mixture comprised of sunflower seed cake (33%) and maize bran (67%). The cows consumed all the concentrate offered. Hay DM intake was similar (6.8 kg/day) and tended to decrease the last two weeks before calving increased again after calving. Live weight change and body condition score were similar across treatments before calving but differed after calving (p<0.05). Heavier cows with higher condition score pre-calving had a higher body weight loss and regained weight later. After treatment reallocation, live weight change and condition differed between treatments (p<0.05). Calves were allowed to suckle milk from one quarter. The amount of milk suckled and calf weight gains were not significantly different between treatments. The cows were removed from the experiment when the milk yield was below 4 kg per day. Cows on treatment H produced 6.2 kg and on treatment L 5.0 kg saleable milk/day (p<0.05) during the first 8 weeks post partum. During the period 9-18 weeks post partum the saleable daily milk on H-H, L-H, H-L and L-L were 5.2, 4.8, 4.7 and 4.3 kg, respectively (p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.400-406
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• 2011

An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of xylanase supplementation on the performance, net energy and gut microflora of broilers fed a wheat-based diet. Day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to two dietary treatments. Each treatment was composed of six replicate cages of seven broilers per cage. The diets were wheat-based and offered as mash. The treatments included i) basal diet deficient in metabolizable energy; and ii) basal diet supplemented with a commercial xylanase added at 4,000 U/kg feed. Bird performance, nutrient utilization and gut microbial populations were measured. Heat production and net energy were determined using an auto-control, open circuit respiration calorimetry apparatus. Results showed that exogenous xylanase supplementation improved feed conversion efficiency (p<0.05) and increased diet AME (+4.2%; p<0.05), as well as heat production (HP), net energy for production (NEp), production of $CO_2$, and consumption of $O_2$. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was also increased (p<0.01) by the addition of xylanase. NEp value was increased by 26.1% while daily heat production per kg metabolizable body weight was decreased by 26.2% when the xylanase was added. Xylanase supplementation numerically increased the ileal digestibility of protein and energy by 3 and 6 percentage units respectively (p>0.05). The ileal digestibility of hemicellulose was significantly improved by xylanase addition (p<0.05).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1985

1984년도(年度) 초지조성(草地造成) 대상지(對象地) 10,077ha에 대한 환경조건(環境條件)과 토양(土壤)의 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하여 초지조성(草地造成) 및 시책자료(施策資料)를 제공(提供)코자 수행(遂行)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 신분류체계(新分類體系)에 의한 토양분류단위(土壤分類單位)는 일(日) 4, 아목(亞目) 7, 대군(大群)11, 아군(亞群)28 및 통(統) 105개로 분류(分類)되었다. 2. 초지조성면적(草地造成面積) 3.0ha이하로 경영(經營)하는 농가(農家)는 70.8%로 면적(面積)은 35.9%였으며, 불경운(不耕耘) 초지조성면적(草地造成面積)이 71.3%였다. 3. 초지조성(草地造成) 대상지(對象地)는 구릉지(丘陵地)와 산여지(山麗地)에 82.0% 분포(分布)하였고 경사(傾斜) 30%이하(以下)가 66.9%였다. 4. 조립질토양(粗粒質土壤)이 85.0, 유효토심 20cm이하(以下)이 97.8, 그리고 석력함량(石礫含量) 35%이상(以上)이 1.6%였다. 5. 초지토양(草地土壤)의 적성등급(適性等級) 구분(區分)은 1등급(等級)이 67.32 등급(等級) 29.7 그리고 3등급(等級) 3.0%였다. 6. 표토(表土)의 평균(,平均) pH는 5.6, 유효인산 31ppm, 유기물(有機物) 3.2%, 그리고 Ca, Mg 및 K는 각각(各各) 2.23, 1.05 및 0.37me/100gr였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.3009-3016
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• 2012

This study evaluated the use of iron-impregnated SBA-15 (Fe/SBA-15) as a catalyst for the oxidative degradation of persistent phenol analogues, such as 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in water. The oxidation reactions were carried out with reaction time, concentration of the phenols, amount of the catalysts, reaction temperature, pH of the reaction mixture as the process variables with or without using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. The conversion achieved with Fe/SBA-15 at 353 K for 2-CP, 4-CP, 2-NP, 4-NP, 2,4,6-TCP was 80.2, 71.2, 53.1, 62.8, 77.3% in 5h with a reactant to $H_2O_2$ mole ratio of 1:1, and 85.7, 65.8, 61.9, 63.7, 78.1% in the absence of $H_2O_2$, respectively. The reactions followed pseudo first order kinetics. The leachability study indicated that the catalyst released very little iron into water and therefore, the possibility of secondary pollution is negligible.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2010

Recent development of organic solar cell approaches the level of 8% power conversion efficiency by the introduction of new materials, improved material engineering, and more sophisticated device structures. As for interface engineering, various interlayer materials such as LiF, CaO, NaF, and KF have been utilized between Al electrode and active layer. Those materials lower the work function of cathode and interface barrier, protect the active layer, enhance charge collection efficiency, and induce active layer doping. However, the addition of another step of thin layer deposition could be a little complicated. Thus, on a typical solar cell structure of Al/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/ITO glass, we used Li:Al alloy electrode instead of Al to render a simple process. J-V measurement under dark and light illumination on the polymer solar cell using Li:Al cathode shows the improvement in electric properties such as decrease in leakage current and series resistance, and increase in circuit current density. This effective charge collection and electron transport correspond to lowered energy barrier for electron transport at the interface, which is measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Indeed, through the measurement of secondary ion mass spectroscopy, the Li atoms turn out to be located mainly at the interface between polymer and Al metal. In addition, the chemical reaction between polymer and metal electrodes are measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2003

본 연구는 저급한우갈비의 이용을 용이하게 하기 위해 건 양념에 키위, 배 등의 식물성 천연연화제를 첨가하여 저급양념한우갈비의 연도 개선 효과를 알아보고, 품질개선제를 첨가하여 품질개선 효과를 알아보고자 실시되었다.K0.1(키위분말 0.1%), K0.3(키위분말 0.3%), K0.5(키위분말 0.5%)를 첨가한 양념갈비의 MFI value는 각각 341.43$\pm$2.98, 368.31$\pm$10.95, 405.10 $\pm$5.82로 첨가량이 증가할수록 MFI value가 증가하였으며(P<0.001), P0.5(배분말 0.5%), P1.0(배분말 1.0%), P3.0(배분말 3.0%)를 첨가한 양념갈비에서도 첨가량이 증가할수록 MFI value가 증가하였다. 하지만, 배분말의 경우 갈비중량당 3.0% 정도 첨가시 확실한 연육효과가 기대되며, 배분말이 3.0%를 초과할시 더 큰 연육효과는 기대되지만, 갈비표면적보다 배분말의 부피가 역전되어 실효성이 없을 것으로 판단된다. 품질개선제로 CS(Polymix-CS)를 첨가한 경우 0.3% 수준 이상 첨가시 연육효과가 있었고, CS0.3과 CS0.5 처리구에서는 비슷한 MFI value를 나타내었다. 보수력(WHC)을 알아본 실험에서는 키위분말, 배분말 모두 첨가량이 증가할수록 보수력이 저하되었는데(P<0.001), 이러한 현상은 키위의 actinidin의 활성과, 배의 protease 성분으로 기인된 것으로 사료된다. 반면, 품질개선제를 첨가한 CS0.1, CS0.3, CS0.5 처리구에서는 첨가량이 증가할수록 보수력이 증가하였다. Drip loss의 경우는 보수력과 마찬가지로 키위분말과 배분말은 첨가량이 증가할수록 drip loss도 증가하였고, 반대로 품질개선제는 첨가량이 증가할수록 drip loss가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Meat color는 양념과 혼합처리시 L*-value의 측정결과는 배분말 처리구에서 control과 유사한 값을 보였고, a*-value는 키위분말 0.1${\sim}$0.3%, 배분말 0.5${\sim}$1.0%, CS 0.3${\sim}$0.5 수준의 첨가시 control 보다 향상된 값을 보였다. 하지만, 양념갈비의 육색은 양념중 약 70%를 차지하는 설탕과 마늘 등으로 인한 심한 변색으로 첨가제의 첨가로 인한 육색의 안정 및 향상은 힘들 것으로 보인다. 관능검사의 경우 양념과 혼합처리시 Juiciness (P<0.01), Tenderness(P<0.001), Acceptability (P< 0.001) 항목에서 K0.3과 CS0.5 처리구가 전체적으로 높은 관능 수치를 나타내었으며, 배분말 중에서는 P3.0 처리구가 가장 높은 Accept- ability를 나타내었다. 또한 기타 항목에서는 갈비양념 성분으로 인해 유의차가 없었던 것으로 생각되며, 전체적으로 Acceptability는 Tender- ness, Juiciness와 밀접한 관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 본 실험에서 천연연화제로 사용한 키위분말과 배분말은 모두 식육연육효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 혼합인산염을 통한 품질개선효과도 확인하였다. 특히 키위는 적은 양으로도 연육효과가 있어, 앞으로 저급한우갈비에 효과적인 사용이 기대된다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

We investigate two abnormal CME-Storm pairs that occurred on 2014 September 10 - 12 and 2015 March 15 - 17, respectively. The first one was a moderate geomagnetic storm ($Dst_{min}{\sim}-75nT$) driven by the X1.6 high speed flare-associated CME ($1267km\;s^{-1}$) in AR 12158 (N14E02) near solar disk center. The other was a very intense geomagnetic storm ($Dst_{min}{\sim}-223nT$) caused by a CME with moderate speed ($719km\;s^{-1}$) and associated with a filament eruption accompanied by a weak flare (C9.1) in AR 12297 (S17W38). Both CMEs have large direction parameters facing the Earth and southward magnetic field orientation in their solar source region. In this study, we inspect the structure of Interplanetary Flux Ropes (IFRs) at the Earth estimated by using the torus fitting technique assuming self-similar expansion. As results, we find that the moderate storm on 2014 September 12 was caused by small-scale southward magnetic fields in the sheath region ahead of the IFR. The Earth traversed the portion of the IFR where only the northward fields are observed. Meanwhile, in case of the 2015 March 17 storm, our IFR analysis revealed that the Earth passed the very portion where only the southward magnetic fields are observed throughout the passage. The resultant southward magnetic field with long-duration is the main cause of the intense storm. We suggest that 3D magnetic field geometry of an IFR at the IFR-Earth encounter is important and the strength of a geomagnetic storm is strongly affected by the relative location of the Earth with respect to the IFR structure.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2002

We have fabricated high-quality c-axis-oriented $MgB_2$ thin films by using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The thin films grown on (1 1 0 2) $Al_2$$O_3$ substrates show an onset transition temperature of 39.2 K with a sharp transition width of ~0.15 K. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate a c-axis-oriented crystal structure perpendicular to the substrate surface. We observed high critical current densities ($J_{c}$) of ~ 16 $MA/\textrm{cm}^2$ at 15 K and under self-field, which is comparable to or exceeds those of cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The extrapolation $J_{c}$ at 5 K was estimated to be ~ 40 MA/$\textrm{cm}^2$, which is the highest record for $MgB_2$ compounds. At a magnetic field of 5 T, the $J_{c}$ of~ 0.1 $MA/\textrm{cm}^2$ was detected at 15 K, suggesting that this compound is very promising candidate for the practical applications at high temperature with lower power consumption. As a possible explanation for the high current-carving capability, the vortex-glass phase will be discussed.d.d.d.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

본 연구는 돈사 슬러리 피트와 유사한 형태의 모형의 아크릴 반응조에서 분뇨를 6주간 배양하면서 2주 간격으로 악취물질의 농도를 측정하기 위해 수행되었다. 1. 분뇨를 6주간 저장하는 동안 2주 간격으로 단쇄지방산의 농도를 측정하였을 때 시간이 경과함에 따라 뚜렷하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 이성체지방산의 농도는 저장 4주 이후 크게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 2. 분뇨 저장기간별 페놀류 농도는 0, 2, 4, 6주에 각각 68.27, 47.69, 26.08, 8.84 ppm으로 시간 경과와 함께 크게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 3. 그러나 분뇨를 6주간 저장하는 동안 인돌류 농도는 저장 4주부터 증가되었다(p<0.05).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2009

종오리의 품종별 육성기 생산성을 알아보기 위하여 체리 베리와 그리모를 각각 4반복, 반복당 36수(♀ 30수, ♂ 6수)씩 총 288수를 완전 임의 배치하여, 2007년 10월 24일부터 2008년 4월 9일까지 평사에서 24주 동안 수행하였다. 육성기 전 기간의 체중은 체리베리 3,114 g, 그리모 2,901 g으로 체리베리가 더욱 높게 나타났으며, 증체량 역시 체리베리 3,064g, 그리모 2,851 g으로 체리베리가 그리모보다 유의적으로 증대하였다(p<0.05). 사료 섭취량은 체리베리 19,090 g, 그리모 19,600 g으로 그리모가 체리베리에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였고(p<0.05), 사료 요구율은 체리베리 6.2, 그리모 6.9로서 그리모가 체리베리보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 육성율은 체리베리 98.5%, 그리모 100.0%로서 그리모가 체리베리보다 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 균일도는 체리베리 77.5, 그리모 75.0으로 통계적인 차이는 없었으나 체리베리가 그리모보다 우수한 경향을 보였다.