• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.682-688
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• 2014

국내에서 육종된 아밀로오스 함량이 다른 3가지 쌀 품종의 전분 특성을 살펴봄으로써 새로운 식품 소재의 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 전분의 분자 및 결정 구조적 특성과 소화 특성을 조사하였다. 새고아미 전분은 다산1호나 새일미에 비해 아밀로오스 함량, 아밀로펙틴의 짧은 사슬(DP 6-12) 함량, 페이스팅 온도, RS 함량이 유의적으로 높았으며 반대로 아밀로오스의 중합도, 아밀로오스와 아밀로펙틴의 분자량, 아밀로펙틴의 B1사슬(DP 13-24), 상대적 결정성, 입자표면 결정성(1047/1022), 팽윤력, 호화 온도($T_o$, $T_p$, $T_c$), 호화 엔탈피, 페이스팅 점도(최고점도, 최종점도, 강하점도, 치반점도), RDS 함량, eGI값이 유의적으로 낮았다. 다산1호는 새일미에 비해 낮은 RDS 함량과 높은 SDS 함량을 보였다. 두 쌀 전분의 소화율의 차이는 분자 구조적 특성(아밀로오스 함량, 아밀로오스 중합도, 분자량, 아밀로펙틴 분자의 가지사슬 길이 분포)과 결정 구조적 특성(상대적 결정성, 1047/1022, 호화 온도와 엔탈피)의 차이에 근거하였다. 결과적으로 3가지 국내산 쌀 품종들의 전분 분자 및 결정 구조적 특성과 소화율 결과는 다양한 유형의 쌀을 이용한 가공제품 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-55
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• 1976

An experimental work was conducted to develop an optimum operating system of various hay drying systems ; sun-drying with long hay, sun-drying after chopping, sun-drying after crushing, heated air drying after chopping using batch-type dryer and heated air drying after crushing using tunnel-type dryer. Seombody having 60 cm long and initial moisture content of approximately 79 % in wet basis was used for the experiment. The criteria selected for determining the optimum operating condition were the drying performance rate, the production cost and quality of dried matter of each drying systems. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Drying characteristics of leaves of long stem hay, chopped seombody and crushed one were obtained by maintaining the oven temperature at 70 degrees centigrade. The required drying times for various samples to approximately 15% moisture content in wet basis were about 50 min .for leaves ; 160 min. for crushed hay ; 250 min. for chopped hay ; 340min. for ling hay and more than 360 min .for stems. The drying time of crushed hay was required about 50 % of that for the uncrushed long hay. Such a significant difference of drying of time between the leaf and long stem may indicate that an effective drying of seombody may not be achieved unless any kind of special process treatment for the whole hay is undertaken. 2. In each individual drying system, the following conclusions were drawn: a. After 8 days sun-drying on concrete floor under good days with average tempe?rature at $256{\circ}C$ and relative humidity at 55% at 2 P.M., the moisture content of long hay was still above 25 5'~ and the leaf loss during drying caused by wind and rough handling was more than 50 ~G. b. It was possible to dry the chopped seombody by sun-drying down to about 10 % moisture content within 5 days, however, a stock of heat and discolouration phenomena were observed during the drying, which may be due to the increased deposit-density by chopping, resulting in lowering the quality of the dried product. c. Sun-drying for the crushed material by hay-conditioner was required about 4 days to reduce the moisture content to about 10 %, keeping the quality of dried product at good grade. o. The optimum deposit-depth of the chopped seombody in the batch-type dryer used was about 28cm with about 42kg/hr of drying performance rate. However, it was necessary to overturn the materials between the upper and lower layers in order to obtain a good quality of dried product. d. The drying performance rate by the tunnel-type drier was highest among those of drying systems tested, giving the rate of approximately 400kg/day. 3. On reviewing the individual drying system for seombody, it was possible to draw conclusion that the best system was tunnel drying with the crushed seombody as far as the performance rate was concerned. However, the methods gives the highest operational cost. The system for the lowest operational cost with good quality of dried product was the sun-drying with the crushed material. Accordingly, it may be recommended that the system of sun-drying for the crushed seombody may be the most feasible system presently applicable to farm-level operation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1976

An experimental work was conducted to develop an optimum operating system of various hay drying systems ; sun-drying with long hay, sun-drying after chopping, sun-drying after crushing, heated air drying after chopping using batch-type dryer and heated air drying after crushing using tunnel-type dryer. Seombody having 60 cm long and initial moisture content of approximately 79 % in wet basis was used for the experiment. The criteria selected for determining the optimum operating condition were the drying performance rate, the production cost and quality of dried matter of each drying systems. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Drying characteristics of leaves of long stem hay, chopped seombody and crushed one were obtained by maintaining the oven temperature at 70 degrees centigrade. The required drying times for various samples to approximately 15% moisture content in wet basis were about 50 min .for leaves ; 160 min. for crushed hay ; 250 min. for chopped hay ; 340min. for ling hay and more than 360 min .for stems. The drying time of crushed hay was required about 50 % of that for the uncrushed long hay. Such a significant difference of drying of time between the leaf and long stem may indicate that an effective drying of seombody may not be achieved unless any kind of special process treatment for the whole hay is undertaken. 2. In each individual drying system, the following conclusions were drawn: a. After 8 days sun-drying on concrete floor under good days with average tempe\ulcornerrature at $256{\circ}C$ and relative humidity at 55% at 2 P.M., the moisture content of long hay was still above 25 5'~ and the leaf loss during drying caused by wind and rough handling was more than 50 ~G. b. It was possible to dry the chopped seombody by sun-drying down to about 10 % moisture content within 5 days, however, a stock of heat and discolouration phenomena were observed during the drying, which may be due to the increased deposit-density by chopping, resulting in lowering the quality of the dried product. c. Sun-drying for the crushed material by hay-conditioner was required about 4 days to reduce the moisture content to about 10 %, keeping the quality of dried product at good grade. o. The optimum deposit-depth of the chopped seombody in the batch-type dryer used was about 28cm with about 42kg/hr of drying performance rate. However, it was necessary to overturn the materials between the upper and lower layers in order to obtain a good quality of dried product. d. The drying performance rate by the tunnel-type drier was highest among those of drying systems tested, giving the rate of approximately 400kg/day. 3. On reviewing the individual drying system for seombody, it was possible to draw conclusion that the best system was tunnel drying with the crushed seombody as far as the performance rate was concerned. However, the methods gives the highest operational cost. The system for the lowest operational cost with good quality of dried product was the sun-drying with the crushed material. Accordingly, it may be recommended that the system of sun-drying for the crushed seombody may be the most feasible system presently applicable to farm-level operation.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 1999

토양 미생물 A. tumefaciens로부터 cytokinin 합성효소 (ipt) 유전자를 분리하여 형질전환 식물을 작성하였다. 도입된 ipt 유전자는 모든 조직에서 발현되었으며, 잎에서의 발현량이 서로 다른 3개의 형질전환 식물체를 선발하였다. 선발한 식물체는 도입유전자의 고정을 위하여 2회 자가수정을 거쳐 homozygous 식물체를 작성한 후 해석하였다. 형질전환 식물체는 노화가 지연되어 녹엽을 유지하였으며, 측아로부터 측지가 분얼하여 그 수가 증가하였을 뿐만아니라, 각 마디에서 복수의 본엽이 생성되었다. 식물체의 노화가 가장 많이 진행된 잎에서의 chlorophyll 함량은 형질전환 식물체에서 1.5~4배 정도로 wild-type에 비하여 월등히 높았다. 이러한 결과는 축적된 cytokinin이 식물의 노화를 지연시킬 뿐만 아니라, 분얼 및 잎수를 증가시켜 식물의 수량을 증가시켰음을 나타낸다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

11, 12, 1월에 수확한 대파를 5, 10, $20^{\circ}C$의 저장 온도에 넣어 저장(0, 3, 7, 11, 15일) 중의 품질변화를 관찰하였다. 11월 수확한 대파를 $5^{\circ}C$에서 저장했을 때의 호흡률은 10.05 $mL/hr{\cdot}kg$으로 12월과 1월 수확한 대파에 비하여 호흡률이 유의적으로 낮았으며, 저장온도를 $5^{\circ}C$로 하는 것이 $10^{\circ}C$나 $20^{\circ}C$에 저장하는 것에 비하여 호흡률이 낮게 나타나 대파의 대사속도를 낮춰 신선도를 유지하는 것에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 수확기간별 대파의 저장 중 중량감소율의 변화는 11월에 수확하여 $5^{\circ}C$에 저장한 대파의 중량감소율이 9.35%로 가장 낮게 측정되었으며 이는 다른 실험구보다 최소 2.15%, 최대 9.92% 낮은 중량감소율을 보여 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 대파의 변패율은 1월에 수확한 대파가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 저장 15일이 지난 후에도 11월 수확한 대파가 초기에 비하여 황화정도가 가장 적었다. 또한 대파 엽부의 경도 변화를 측정한 결과 11월, 12월 및 1월에 수확하여 $5^{\circ}C$에 저장하였던 실험구가 다른 온도처리군보다 월등하게 경도가 유지되었던 반면 수확시기에 따른 경도는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수확기간별 대파의 저장온도에 따른 위조현상, 색변화, 풍미, 구매의사의 항목에 대하여 관능평가를 한 결과는 저장 기간 동안 각각의 관능 항목에서 11월에 수확하여 5oC에 저장한 대파가 가장 높은 점수를 받았다(p < 0.05). 이러한 관능평가의 결과는 대파의 호흡률, 중량감소율, 변패율, 색, 경도와 동일한 경향을 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2002

인체에 전류주입하면, 내부에는 전압 및 전류밀도의 분포가 형성된다 이때, 인체내부의 전류밀도와 전류를 주입하는 도선에 흐르는 전류는 자장을 형성하게 된다. 인체내부에 유기된 자속밀도는 자기공명영상의 위상을 변화시키므로. 위상영상으로부터 자속밀도를 측정할 수 있다. 자속밀도의 curl을 취하여 전류밀도를 구하면, 주입전류에 의한 내부의 전류밀도 분포를 영상화하는 것이 가능하다. 이러한 자기공명 전류밀도 영상법을 자기공명 임피던스 단층촬영에 응용하여 고해상도의 저항률 영상을 복원하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인체와 간은 전도성 물체에 전류를 주입할 때. 내부에 형성되는 전압, 전류밀도 및 자속밀도의 3차원적인 분포를 수치적으로 계산하는 방법을 기술한다. 이러한 수치적인 해석기술은 자기공명 전류밀도 영상법의 실험방법 설계와 자기공명 임피던스 단층촬영의 영상복원 알고리즘 개발에 필수적인 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 유한요소법과 Biot-Savart 법칙에 기반하여, 여러가지 모델에서 계산한 결과를 기술하고, 그 해석을 통하여 수치적인 해의 정확도와 유의성을 검증하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2005

The effect of crystal orientation and microstructure on the mechanical properties of $TaN_x$ was investigated. $TaN_x$ films were grown on $SiO_2$ substrates by ultrahigh vacuum unbalanced magnetron sputter deposition in mixed $Ar/N_2$ discharges at 20 mTorr (2.67 Pa) and at $350^{\circ}C$. Unlike the Ti-N system, in which TiN is the terminal phase, a large number of N-rich phases in the Ta-N system could lead to layers which had nano-sized lamella structure of coherent cubic and hexagonal phases, with a correct choice of nitrogen fraction in the sputtering mixture and ion irradiation energy during growth. The preferred orientations and the micro-structure of $TaN_x$ layers were controlled by varing incident ion energy $E_i\;(=30eV\~50eV)$ and nitrogen fractions $f_{N2}\;(=0.1\~0.15)$. $TaN_x$ layers were grown on (0002)-Ti underlayer as a crystallographic template in order to relieve the stress on the films. The structure of the $TaN_x$ film transformed from Bl-NaCl $\delta-TaN_x$ to lamellar structured Bl-NaCl $\delta-TaN_x$ + hexagonal $\varepsilon-TaN_x$ or Bl-NaCl $\delta-TaN_x$ + hexagonal $\gamma-TaN_x$ with increasing the ion energy at the same nitrogen fraction $f_{N2}$. The hardness of the films also increased by the structural change. At the nitrogen fraction of $0.1\~0.125$, the structure of the $TaN_x$ films was changed from $\delta-TaN_x\;+\;\varepsilon-TaN_x\;to\;\delta-TaN_x\;+\;\gamma-TaN_x$ with increasing the ion energy. However, at the nitrogen fraction of 0.15 the film structure did not change from $\delta-TaN_x\;+\;\varepsilon-TaN_x$ over the whole range of the applied ion energy. The hardness increased significantly from 21.1 GPa to 45.5 GPa with increasing the ion energy.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.265-292
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• 2008

본 연구는 학부모의 양육태도에 따른 영재교육에 대한 인식도를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 도시지역 3군데 J시, G시, I시와 농촌지역 4군데 J군, M군, 0군, I군에 소재한 공립유치원에 재학 중인 유치원생의 학부모 289명을 대상으로 학부모 양육태도가 애정적, 거부적, 자율적, 통제적인지를 분류하고 애정적-거부적, 자율적-통제적의 두 대립 성향에 따라 영재교육에 대한 인식도를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 영재아를 위한 부모교육을 활성화하고 거부적 양육태도를 가진 부모들이 자녀에게 충분한 애정을 느낄 수 있도록 해 주고, 자녀에게 자유로운 표현과 스스로 탐구하는 기회를 제공하고 자녀에 대해 허용감을 주고 완전히 수용해 주는 양육태도를 가지도록 하는 것이 중요하다. 둘째, 아동 개개인이 가지고 있는 각 분야의 영재성을 파악할 수 있는 전문적 소양과 자질을 갖춘 각 분야의 전문가 양성이 필요하다. 셋째, 연구소 성격의 전문 영재교육기관의 설립이 필요하다. 넷째, 국가적 차원에서 영재교육을 위해 무상교육 실시, 국립 영재교육기관 설립 확대, 영재교육 연구를 위한 연구소 설치 및 영재교육 전문가 육성, 각 영재교육관에 연구비 지원 등이 조속히 이루어져야 겠다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1975

미쇄(微碎)한 치자분말(粉末)에서 Orange-Yellow 색소(色素)를 추출(抽出)하면 짧은 시간(時間)에서 $log\;t^{1{\cdot}15}$에 비례(比例)하였고 최적(最適) 추출시간(抽出時間)은 30분(分)이 선정(選定)되었으며 온도(溫度)가 상승(上昇)함에 따라 $log\;T^{3{\cdot}73}$에 비례(比例)하였고 최적(最適) 추출온도(抽出溫度)는 $40^{\circ}C$가 선정(選定) 되었으며 시료(試料) 0.1 g당(當) 용매량(溶媒量)의 증가(增加)에는 $log\;S^{3{\cdot}7}$의 색소(色素) 추출량(抽出量)을 나타냈고, 지방(脂肪)을 완전(完全)히 제거(除去)한 시료(試料)는 전혀 제거(除去)하지 않은 시료(試料)보다 $0.6(O.D\;448\;m{\mu})$만큼의 좋은 추출효과(抽出效果)를 보였다. 이들을 綜合하여, $P_{total}{\simeq}1.15\;log\;t+3.73\;log\;T+3.7\;log\;S-4X-6.4$ $P_{total}$: total amounts of extracted orange-yellow pigment from Gardenia. t: extraction time $(0.5{\sim}60\;min)$ T: extraction temperature $(5{\sim}50^{\circ}C)$ S: volume of solvent $(5{\sim}50\;ml)$ X: fat contents $(0{\sim}15%)$ 와 같은 수정(修正)된 실험식(實驗式)을 유도했다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-28
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• 2005

Spasticity has been defined as "a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increased in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex, as one components of the upper motorneuron syndrome". Spasticity is one of the common symptoms of stroke patients and frequently interferes with the motor functions such as gait, posture and activities of daily living. Therefore, its management is becoming a major issue in physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of reciprocal inhibition by isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle on spasticity in hemiplegic patients through Hoffmann reflex. The subjects were consisted 45 patients who had hemiplegia due to stroke. All subjects randomly assigned to 3 group: manual reciprocal inhibition program group(manual group), neuromuscular electrical stimulation group(NMES group) and control group. The manual group received voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle. The NMES group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation on tibialis anterior. The control group was not received any therapeutic intervention. Before and after experiments, Hoffmann reflex, M-wave and Modified Ashworth scale was measure in all patients. The data of 30 patients who complete experimental course were statistically analysed. Modified Ashworth scale were significantly decreased after experiment in manual group(p<.01). The Hmax/Mmax ratios were significantly decreased after experiment in manual group(p<.o1). There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with modified Ashworth scale in NMES group(p>.01). There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with Hmax/Mmax ratios in NMES group(p>.01). There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with modified Ashworth scale in control group(p>.01). There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with Hmax/Mmax ratios in control group(p>.01). The present results revealed that reciprocal inhibition which produced by voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle can be reduce spasticity of gastrocnemius. Therefore, reciprocal inhibition is useful to improve functional activities in hemiplegic patient. Further study should be done to analyse the effects of intervention duration of reciprocal inhibition, appropriate muscle contraction, optimal time to apply the reciprocal inhibition in more long period.