• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2006

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the nutrient contributions of the five meal components of school lunch menus planned for elementary students in two school districts (District A and B) in the Midwestern state of the United States. The 4-week cycle menu was planned for two time periods (Period 1 and Period 2) following guidelines for NuMenus and general menu planning principles. Menu components of planned and served menus for two time periods were analyzed using $Nutri-Kids^{TM}$. No significant differences in the nutrient content of between Periods 1 and 2 were found for District A. District B served significantly more vitamin A and total fat in Period 1 and significantly more calories, iron, vitamin A, protein, and total fat in Period 2 than was planned. The major nutrients provided by the entree component included protein, calories, cholesterol, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium. Milk was an important source of calcium and provided approximately one-third of the total protein and vitamin A in the meal. The vegetable/fruit component was the major source of vitamins A and C. The grain/bread component provided approximately 20% of the carbohydrates among five meal components. The miscellaneous component affected the sodium and fat content of the menus. Menu planners can use the results of this study to enhance their knowledge of the nutrient contributions of each meal component and as inputs for planning menus that meet children's nutritional requirements.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

To evaluate the possibility of predicting a specific nutrient component, which nay be difficult in analysis, from a component of nutrient relatively easy to analyze, six grass roughage sources (bermuda grass hay, klein grass hay, oat hay, orchard grass straw, tall fescue straw and timothy hay) mainly used in Korea were analyzed for the heat-stable $\alpha-amylase$ treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) as well as proximate analytical components, and correlation coefficients between nutrient components were calculated. Some chemical components appeared to have significant correlation (p<0.05) through Pearson's correlation coefficients (i.e. between crude protein (CP) and NDICP in oat hay, orchard grass straw and tall fescue, between CP and ADICP in oat hay and timothy hay, between crude fiber (CF) and aNDF in klein grass hay, tall fescue straw and timothy hay, between CF and ADF in oat hay, tall fescue straw and timothy hay, and between CF and ADL in orchard pass straw and timothy hay). It is therefore suggested that it would be worthy to predict a specific nutrient component, which may be difficult in analysis such as aNDF, ADF, ADL, NDICP and ADICP, from a component of nutrient relatively easy to analyze such as CP and CF. However, it would be needed to improve the correlation coefficients, more samples should be measured.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1998

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on the development of new triticale cultivars with good quality and high productivity for soiling feed. Twelve cultivars introduced from Poland, Canada and two cultivars developed in Korea were planted in the experimental field at Ansong National University in 1995. Major growth traits and nutrient components for feed were measured and analyzed using principal component analysis and average linkage cluster analysis. 'Prego', 'Prag 46/3', and 'Clercal' were relatively high in forage yield. Most of forage nutrient contents except cellulose were higher in Prego, Clercal, and 'Cumulus' than other cultivars. Results of principal component analysis on 11 traits including forage yield and nutrient contents showed that 72.59% of total variation were explained by the first and second principal components. The Z$_1$ had high correlation with the contents of forage nutrient components and Z$_2$ with plant height, fresh, and dry weight. Fourteen cultivars were classified into 7 groups by multivariate analysis. Clercal and Prego in Group I could be useful source for the improvement of triticale as an important forage crop because they exhibited high productivity as well as high contents of nutrient components for feed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 2017

This study was carried out to determine effects of bamboo species on the distribution of nutrients in aboveground biomass of Phyllostachys bambusoides and Phyllostachys nigra var. nenosis, Damyanggun, Korea. The study site was established around 40-year-ago to produce bamboo culm and edible shoot production. Total 28 bamboos (14 P. bambusoides and 14 P. nigra var. nenosis) were cut to measure nutrient concentration of each bamboo component, such as culm, branches and leaf. Magnesium concentration in each bamboo component was significantly higher in the P. bambusoides than in the P. nigra var. nenosis. Nutrient concentrations except for calcium were significantly higher in the current-year-old bamboos than in the > 1-year-old bamboos. The nutrient concentration in leaf was generally highest in carbon, followed by potassium or nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium or magnesium. Total nutrient content in each bamboo component was significantly higher in the P. bambusoides than in the P. nigra var. nenosis. The nutrient content of bamboo biomass was the highest in carbon, followed by potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. The results indicate that P. bambusoides uptakes more nutrients compared with P. nigra var. nenosis during growth development.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1127-1142
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• 2011

The aim of this investigation was to select effective Pseudomonas sp. strains that can enhance the productivity of soybean-wheat cropping systems in Vertisols of Central India. Out of 13 strains of Pseudomonas species tested in vitro, only five strains displayed plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties. All the strains significantly increased soil enzyme activities, except acid phosphatase, total system productivity, and nutrient uptake in field evaluation; soil nutrient status was not significantly influenced. Available data indicated that six strains were better than the others. Principal component analysis (PCA) coupled cluster analysis of yield and nutrient data separated these strains into five distinct clusters with only two effective strains, GRP3 and HHRE81 in cluster IV. In spite of single cluster formation by strains GRP3 and HHRE81, they were diverse owing to greater intracluster distance (4.42) between each other. These results suggest that the GRP3 and HHRE81 strains may be used to increase the productivity efficiency of soybean-wheat cropping systems in Vertisols of Central India. Moreover, the PCA coupled cluster analysis tool may help in the selection of other such strains.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: For the food safety of cultivated mushroom, information on the safety of agricultural by-products imported as medium substrates for mushroom cultivation is urgently needed. Therefore, this study was performed to detect the presence of heavy metals, residual pesticides, and nutrient component in the imported medium substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six kinds of medium substrates imported from nine countries from 2015 to 2017 were investigated. A mercury analyzer MA-2000 and an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer OPTIMA 7000DV were used to analyze mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, nickel and cadmium. All of these heavy metals were detected at lower level than heavy metal tolerance standard level of by-product fertilizer in Korea. When 246 kinds of residual pesticides were examined by GC and HPLC, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and carbendazim were detected from Egyptian beet pulp, Indian cottonseed meal and cottonseed hull, respectively. The content of nutrient components (water, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber) varied among imported countries and the medium substrates. CONCLUSION:The presence of heavy metals and residual pesticides in imported medium substrates for mushroom cultivation was confirmed. For the safe production of mushroom, this study shows that imported medium materials for mushroom cultivation need to be managed through continuous monitoring.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2013

Decomposition of plant material is an important component in the study of forest ecosystem because of its critical role in nutrient cycling. Different tree species has different nutrient release patterns, which are related to leaf litter quantitative traits and seasonal environmental factors. The quantitative traits of leaf litter are important predictors of decomposition and decomposition rates increase with greater nutrient availability in the forest ecosystems. At the ecosystem level, litter quantitative traits are most often related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the litter, for example, leaf toughness and leaf mass per unit area, and lignin content tannin and total phenolics. Thus, the analysis of litter quantitative traits and decomposition are highly important for the understanding of nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. By studying the role of litter quantitative traits on decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems will provide a valuable insight to how quantitative traits influence ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Such knowledge will contribute to future forest management and conservation practices.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.531-542
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• 2004

Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to comprehensively evaluate the water quality of Busan coastal area with the data collected seasonally by the analysis of surface water at 10 stations from 1997 to 2003. We noted that the first principal component was regarded as a factor related with the input of nutrient-rich fresh water and the second principal component as meteorological characteristics. Also we obtained that water qualities of station 4 and 9 were different from those of other stations in Busan coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.46-53
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• 1995

The anatomy of Korean diffuse-porous woods, 36 families, 75 genera, 145 species, 215 specimens was described and analyzed. Sixteen wood anatomical characters, habit and phenology factors were determined by simple correlation and principal component analysis. Strong positive correlations were found between vessel element length and fiber length, ray width and ray height, simple pits of fiber wall and paratracheal parenchyma distribution. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) disclose the primitive characteristics and the direction of xylem evolution of Korean diffuse-porous woods. The xylem evolution scenario for Korean dicotyledonous woods is considered to be developed in the direction of decreasing trends of vessel frequency, vessel element length, and length/diameter(L/D) ratio of vessel element but increasing trends of vessel diameter, fiber length/vessel element length(F/V) ratio, libriform wood fibers, simple perforation, and homogeneous ray composition. Increase of vessel diameter and decrease of vessel frequency seem to be related to the improvement of conductive efficiency, and increase of the vessel element length and occurrence of scalariform perforation in vessel element may be related to enhanced of conductive safety. Also the libriform wood fibers and ray features appear to have relationship with mechanical support and nutrient metabolism, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.346-350
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• 2009

Natural state materials contain a lot of available nutrient components. Among them, natural nutrient substances are utilized not only as the ingredient of functional foods but also as the excipients of functional cosmetics and pharmaceutic. Of these nutrient substances, solubility parameters of each components were calculated to choose the most suitable solvents for solutions. The solubility parameters for each components were composed of the dispersion contribution of the molecular attractive function, the polar contribution of the molecular attractive function and the contribution of the hydrogen bonding force. The chi parameters ($\chi_{12}$) were calculated with the information of the solubility parameter for the solute and solvent and were used as the criteria for the optimal solute-solvent pair. The optimal solvents were suggested with the numerical values of chi parameters for some amino acids.