• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.273-276
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• 2001

In order to develop effective acclimatization methods for Aralia elata plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos, various acclimatizing conditions were compared regarding both survival rate and growth of the plantlets. The plantlets were transplanted into plastic boxes containing artificial soil in the presence of either several levels of MS liquid media, distilled water, 2% sucrose or 0.1% hyponex solution. They were then cultured by spraying of distilled water twice a week and maintained in the normal tissue culture room. Perlite was proved to be better than vermiculite on survival rate and growth of the plantlets. As the size of perlite (larger than 0.2 cm in diameter) increased, both the survival rate and growth of the plantlets improved. Among the various MS liquid media and different aqueous solutions tested, distilled water appeared to result in the best survival rate and growth. MS media were also effective in increasing survival rate and supporting growth when diluted to 1/4 and/or 1/8. The acclimatized plantlets could be transplanted directly onto the nursery bed and grown normally. The above results suggest that plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos of Aralia elata be effectively acclimatized using a plastic box containing perlite with distilled water treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the five senses activities involving food ingredients on the eating behavior of infants. The study was carried out four times over 6 months. We surveyed 65 nursery school infants and teachers who were registered at the 2020 Guro-gu Center for Children's Food Service Management in Seoul. They participated in the five senses education specialization project. The results of the study showed that the scores relating to unbalanced diet, hygiene management, dietary attitude, and dietary manners were visibly higher than those before participating in the five senses educational activities. In addition, there was a significant difference in the perception of the food ingredients used in the five senses education activities. Finally, as a result of investigating the types of education used before, during, and after the five senses education activities, and the need for education by type, cooking activities were observed to rank higher than other activities in all questions. Based on this, if dietary guidance is provided through a variety of five senses education activities over a long period rather than as a one-time event, it will be beneficial to the children's healthy eating habits.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 1995

Diploid plants were obtained by anther culture of tetraploid poplar(Populus alba L. X P.glandutosa Uyeki). The effect 2,4D on callus formation from anther culture was greater than any other auxins tested. The highest average number of multiple shoots per callus was obtained when zeatin was used at levels of 6-8 ${\mu}$M. Regenerated shoots were excised and transferred to MS basal medium. Rooted plantlets were subsequently transferred to pots containing artificial soil mix. Finally 100 plane were transplanted in nursery located in forest Genetics Research Institute. for the 300 anther clones growing in greenhouse for 6 months after transplanting, 33% were slow-growing, 47% were rapid-growing and 20% had huge leaf size with rapid-growing characteristics. Chromosome study showed a narrow range of variation from diploid to tetraploid. DNA polymorphism studies using various RAPD markers revealed some extend of differences among the anther-clones in their band pattern.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

To control the disease of root rot in ginseng nursery, inorganic sulfur solution of 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% were irrigated by amount of $10{\ell}$ per $3.3m^2$ before sowing. On the last ten days of July, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were similarly detected by 44.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while Cylindrocarpon destructans was low detected by 4.4% in the diseased seedling. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more soil pH was decreased. Soil pH was decreased from 5.87 to 4.59 by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was increased. EC was increased from 0.27 dS/m to 1.28 dS/m by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. Irrigation of sulfur solution was effective on the inhibition of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in ginseng seedling. Control value for damping-off by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0% and 2.0% were 75.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. Growth of leaf was inhibited by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 2.0%. Root weight per $3.3m^2$ showed the peak in sulfur solution of 1.0%, while survived-root ratio and root weight per plant were decreased in the level of 2.0%. Survived-root ratio of seedling in sulfur solution of 1.0% was distinctly increased by 4.7 times compare to the control, but control value for root rot was relatively low as 49.2%. Mycelium growth of C. destructans, F. solani, and R. solani were distinctly inhibited by the increase of sulfur's concentration in vitro culture using PDA medium.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.104-115
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• 1992

The rice culture techniques included 'Jodosukyungbeob'(旱稻水耕法 : culture techniques of early-ripening paddy rice), 'Mandosukyungbeob' (晩稻水耕法) : culture techniques of late-Ripening paddy rice 'Handobeob'(旱稻＆lt;山稻＆gt;法 : culture techniques of upland rice), 'Myojongbeob'(苗種法 : culture techniques of paddy rice by transplanting), 'Kunangbeob'(乾秧法 : culture techniques of rice by transplanting which rears seeding in dry paddy) and 'Sudogunpanongbeob'(水稻乾播農法 : culture techniques of paddy rice seeding in dry field). Especially, 'Kunangbeob' and 'Sudogunpanongbeob' were originally developed in Korea as seen in 1600s(Kyoungje : 經濟) and early 1800s (Yoji : 要旨). In 'Jodosukyungbeob' it took 9 days for seed dipping, water-sprouting and prevent damage by birds, each for 3 days in China, but in Korea seed dipping in water took 3 days and the rest of the procedures were flexibly established. In matured soils, practices were fall plowing right after harvest, recognition of effective tillering and additional fertilization use of human manure, and stimulation of sprouting by lime application. The unique culture techniques adequate for Korean situations were practiced, which included weed control after draining accurately for 3 to 4 times, draining at mid season for improving wind and drought tolerance, rice harvesting at appropriate time for preventing grain shattering, and seeding in rows. 'Mandosukyungbeob' was improved techniques contrast to those of China, and the major contents were selection of proper varieties, good stand establishment by seeding high rates, induction of vigorous tillers, and adoption of 'Jokjongbeob'(足種法 : seeding method by foot). Also, one of the most prominent rice cultures by our ancestors was 'Kunpanongbeob' that was systemized form habitual practice of Pyongan Province. The unique technique actualized was 'Hando [旱稻(山稻)]' culture technique which was the combinations of 'Jokjongbeob', root stimulation method, and disaster-tolerant mixture cropping with adoptation of variety theory, although it was originated from China. The transplanting techniques has come before 'Jikseol'($\ulcorner$直說$\lrcorner$) and its merits were sufficiently realized. However, this method was basically prohibited from the early Chosun dynasty because extremely bad harvest was expected under drought conditions and insufficient conditions of water storage. But, it was permitted in the areas that contained water all the times and in case of large-scale farming especially. Most of rice culture was transplanted in the end of the Chosun dynasty because transplanting was continuously spreaded in the three southern provinces of Korea. Under these circumstances, transplanting technique was improved from the early to the end of the Chosun dynasty by weed control, fertilizing, water management, and quadratic transplanting. Based on these techniques, agricultural productivity was improved 5 times by that time. 'Kunpanongbeob' was created and developed properly for Korean conditions that is dry in early season and flooding in late season. This was successively developed and established into transplanting technique of nursery seedling.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.648-651
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• 2013

A new cultivar 'Daewang' strawberry was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science for forcing culture in 2010. The cultivar 'Daewang' was originated from the cross between 'Maehyang', a high firmness cultivar and 'Wongyo 3111', a high sugar content in 2006. The cultivar shows erect plant type, vigorous growth habit, early flower bud differentiation with 12-15 flowers per cluster from planting on healthy nursery. Fruits of 'Daewang' are conical type having a bright red skin color, and 16-17 g in an average weight. 'Daewang' is suitable for forcing culture as time required for dormancy breaking ranged between 50 and 100 hours. This cultivar has excellent taste for high sugar/acid ratio as sugar content of $11.1^{\circ}Brix$, acidity of 0.39% with abundant texture and can be harvested by late spring because the fruit firmness of 'Daewang' was $18.2g{\cdot}mm^{-2}$ that was about $7.9g{\cdot}mm^{-2}$ higher than $10.3g{\cdot}mm^{-2}$ of 'Akihime' cultivar. But although total yield is not significantly different from 'Akihime' cultivar, its marketable yield is remarkably higher than that of 'Akihime' cultivar. Disease and pest resistance of 'Daewang' have a tendency to sensitive powdery mildew, anthracnose and spotted spider.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2008

Purpose : Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (4S) is uncommon, but reports of 4S are on the increase during the recent years. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical features and associated factors of 4S during the recent 10 years. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and microbiologic results of 63 patients (27 neonates and 36 children) from January 1998 to December 2007. Results : Since 2003, the incidence of 4S has increased. The mean age of the patients was 16.3 months and the gender ratio was 1:1. The clinical types of 4S were 38 cases of the abortive type (60%), 19 cases of the intermediate type (30%) and 6 cases of the generalized type (10%). The culture results were 36 cases of Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 4 cases of Methicillin sensitive S. aureus and 17 cases of no growth. The patients were treated with semi-synthetic penicillin. For the 9 patients who had MRSA isolated and who didn't improve with penicillin, they were treated with vancomycin instead of penicillin. All the patients had no complications. 4S abruptly increased in 2005, and especially in neonates, due to an MRSA outbreak at a local nursery room. The associated factors of 4S in neonates were hospitalization (27 cases), including nursery infection in 2005 (18 cases) and dermatitis (1 case). There was an unknown origin for some children, and the suggested factors for their infection were community acquired infection (24 cases), atopic dermatitis (9 cases) and hospitalization (3 cases). Conclusion : 4S has recently been increasing. The major associated factors of 4S are a history of hospitalization, an outbreak in a nursery room, atopic dermatitis and community acquired infection.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2002

Background : To delineate the changes in the causative agents of neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in the neonatal intensive care unit and nursery of Hanyang University Hospital during the past 10 years. Methods : Hospital records of 15,144 patients hospitalized at the NICU and nursery of Hanyang University Hospital from 1989 to 1998 were reviewed and neonates diagnosed of neonatal sepsis were sorted and included in the study. The study period was divided into Period A(the first 5 years) and Period B(the second 5 years) to analyse causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Results : Neonatal sepsis was diagnosed in 170 patients(1.1%{Period A 1.2%, Period B 1.0%}) among the total of 15,144 inpatients. Two hundred isolates(Period A 109 isolates, Period B 91 isolates) were identified in 186 blood cultures(Period A 99 cultures, Period B 87 cultures) from 170 patients(Period A 91 patients, Period B 79 patients). The average age at the onset of the disease, when the initial blood culture was drawn, was 12.3 days old(Period A 8.8 days, Period B 16.3 days), and the proportion of the early onset disease was 34.7% in Period A and 23.0% in Period B, indicating that neonatal sepsis developed earlier during Period A. Among the isolated organisms including Gram positive bacteria[132(66.0%)], Gram negative bacteria [60(30.0%)], and fungi[8(4.0%)], coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS) was the most common organism(69/34.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus(36/18.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(17/8.5%), Enterococcus(12/6.0%), Enterobacter cloacae(8/4.0%), Escherichia coli(6/3.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosae(5/2.5%). The isolated fungi were Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans, and Trichosporon pullulans. CNS, S. aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated more frequently in Period A compared to Period B. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of CNS and S. aureus to methicillin and the first generation cephalo sporins were decreased in Period B compare to Period A, those to aminoglycosides were increased in Period B, and vancomycin resistant strains were not identified. K. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were isolated less frequently in Period B, compared to Period A. For K. pneumoniae, antimicrobial susceptibilities to the first generation cephalosporins were low in both Periods A and B, those to tobramycin and gentamicin were increased in Period B, and those to amikacin, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were high in both Periods A and B. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Enterococcous to ampicillin, penicillin, and the first generation cephalosporins were decreased in Period B, but vancomycin resistant strains were not identified. Conclusion : The occurrence rate of neonatal sepsis during the past 10 years in the NICU and nursery of the Hanyang University hospital was 1.1%, and the most common causitive agents were CNS and S. aureus, to which the antimicrobial susceptibilities to the first line drugs decreased in the later half of the study period with no vancomycin resistant isolates identified. Group B Streptococcus known to be the most common agent causing neonatal sepsis was not identified, and K. pneumoniae was isolated more commonly during the later half of the study period without decreased antimicrobial susceptibilities.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

The studies have been conducted to control the soil borne fungal pathogens viz, Fusarium solani (Mart) Sacc. and Alternaria tenuissima the incitants of root rot and die-back diseases on mulberry stem cuttings planted in the mulberry nurseries and also in established mulberry gardens ten plant extracts with 10% concentration except Lantana camara (undiluted) were tested through poisoned food technique and four biofungicides were also screened by dual culture method under in vitro conditions. Plant extract of Prosopis juliflora showed the maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth (81.2% over A. tenuissima and 80.0% over F. solani) and followed by L. camara (66.7% over A. tenuissima and 68.9% over F. solani). Among the antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride showed maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth of both pathogenic fungi. The promising plant extracts (P. juliflora and L. camara) and antagonists (P. fluorescens and T. viride) were tested against both the pathogenic fungi under in vivo conditions along with the existing popular chemical Mancozeb. All the tested plant products and bio-fungicides showed inhibitory effect on both fungi. But the maximum survival percentage of mulberry cuttings was recorded in the treatment with T. viride (95% against F. solani and 90% against A. tenuisssima) followed by P. fluorescens (90% against both fungi) and T. harzianum (80% against F. solani and 85% against A. tenuisssima). Incase of the treatments with plant extracts and chemical fungicide the P. juliflora (60% against F. solani and 55% against A. tenuisssima) showed higher survival percentage and followed by L. camara (55% against F. solani and 50% against A. tenuisssima) and Mancozeb (55% against both fungi). In case of control only 10% of survival was recorded in F. solani inoculated cuttings and 15% survival in A. tenuissima inoculated cuttings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2010

Fertilization increases the crop productivity and produces high quality seedlings for plantation. We quantitatively measured both physical performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla seedlings, which are commercially planted species in Korea, to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization. We analyzed the growth performances by using Dickson's quality index (QI) and the nutrient status by using vector diagnosis. Nitrogen or phosphorus treatment increased height and root collar diameter growth of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica, however, did not increase those of P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. The order of QI was N > P > K > control for F. rhynchophylla, P ${\geq}$ N > Control ${\geq}$ P for F. mandshurica, P > Control ${\geq}$ K > N for P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. In F. rhynchophylla, fertilization diluted N concentration in tissues by 5-25% because growth responses were higher than fertilization uptake. P. koraiensis and A. holophylla showed N excess showing "toxic accumulation". F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica showed P deficiency with P fertilization, however, P. koraiensis and A. holophylla showed "luxury accumulation". Vector diagnosis indicated that more fertilization was applicable for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica, and high fertilization rates were inefficient for P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. Both QI and vector diagnosis can be applied to verify seedling quality in the light of growth responses and nutrient status in fertilization trials.