• Title/Summary/Keyword: Number of Registered Vehicle

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Remanufacturing Industry for Automobile Parts of USA (미국의 재제조산업에 관한 연구)

  • Mok, Hak-Soo;Jeon, Chang-Su;Han, Chang-Hyo;Skerlos, Steven J.;Kim, Hyung-Ju;Lee, Kyu-Chang
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.58-65
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    • 2010
  • Remanufacturing is a process that restores old products to perform like new, while saving energy, reducing consumption of natural resources, and lowering environmental emissions. By extending the product life cycle, remanufacturing approaches enable closed loop material cycles that are ultimately necessary for a sustainable society. This paper provides some description of the current automotive remanufacturing enterprise, with a particular emphasis on key vehicle components that are currently remanufactured. The analysis yields two major conclusions. First, volume of the USA automotive after sales and remanufacturing industry market is estimated. Second, market price of a remanufactured component in the automotive sector is surprisingly uncorrelated with the number of companies engaged in remanufacturing that component - at least for companies registered with the Automotive Parts Remanufacturing Association (ARPA).

Building bicycle management system using Blockchain (블록체인을 활용한 자전거 관리 시스템 구축)

  • An, Kyu-hwang;Seo, Hwajeong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.1139-1145
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    • 2018
  • According to the prosecutors' office's statistics for 2014, 53% of a bicycle users have experienced theft. The reason for the high rate of bicycle stolen in Korea is that there is no bicycle management system. This is because they do not use bicycle numbers to manage bikes like cars do. Most people do not know if they have a VIN(Vehicle Identification Number) on their bike. If the buyer registers the bicycle in the bicycle management blockchain system, anyone can view the information registered in the chain, so that if the bicycle number is filled in, the bicycle can be identified. In addition, when an accident occurs, blockchain will record what kind of equipment it is replacing, like an automobile, to manage all the information about the bicycle. In this way, consumers can inquire whether they have a history of accident when they make a second-hand transaction. In this paper, we propose a method to construct bicycle management system using bicycle VIN.

Study on Cases of Priority Traffic Signal System for Emergency Vehicles: Based on a City's Pilot Operation Cases in Chungcheongbukdo Province (긴급차량 우선교통신호시스템 사례에 관한 연구: 충청북도 내 일개도시 시범운영 사례를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Jin-Hyeon;Lee, Hyo-Ju
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 2020
  • The aim of this study is to suggest ways to capitalize on the golden period for timely response to fire and emergency victims. To implement a system to effectively capitalize on the golden period, there is a need for policy measures as well as legal and social consensus. Precedent research has relentlessly mentioned the need for and feasibility of the priority traffic system for emergency vehicles. To this end, the present study involved an analysis of pilot cases of the priority traffic signal system for emergency vehicles introduced in a city during 26 days, from April 3 to 28, 2017. Out of 58 cases registered with the local 1-1-9 fire house, the number of cases that took advantage of the priority traffic system stood at 16 in response to fire and 11 to first-aid operations. Owing to the system, on average, the response time reduced by 3 min and 50 s in case of fire and by 3 min and 30 s for first aid. There were four complaints registered owing to traffic congestion, and the number of car accidents declined to one from six over the same period in the previous year. Based on these findings, it is safe to say that the priority traffic signal system would be effective for emergency vehicles to capitalize on the golden period if issues identified during the pilot run are resolved.

A Study on the traffic flow prediction through Catboost algorithm (Catboost 알고리즘을 통한 교통흐름 예측에 관한 연구)

  • Cheon, Min Jong;Choi, Hye Jin;Park, Ji Woong;Choi, HaYoung;Lee, Dong Hee;Lee, Ook
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 2021
  • As the number of registered vehicles increases, traffic congestion will worsen worse, which may act as an inhibitory factor for urban social and economic development. Through accurate traffic flow prediction, various AI techniques have been used to prevent traffic congestion. This paper uses the data from a VDS (Vehicle Detection System) as input variables. This study predicted traffic flow in five levels (free flow, somewhat delayed, delayed, somewhat congested, and congested), rather than predicting traffic flow in two levels (free flow and congested). The Catboost model, which is a machine-learning algorithm, was used in this study. This model predicts traffic flow in five levels and compares and analyzes the accuracy of the prediction with other algorithms. In addition, the preprocessed model that went through RandomizedSerachCv and One-Hot Encoding was compared with the naive one. As a result, the Catboost model without any hyper-parameter showed the highest accuracy of 93%. Overall, the Catboost model analyzes and predicts a large number of categorical traffic data better than any other machine learning and deep learning models, and the initial set parameters are optimized for Catboost.

Selection of Routes for Reflecting Driver's Characteristics by Adopting Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) (다속성 효용이론을 적용한 운전자 특성별 경로 선택 연구)

  • Oh, Ji-Eun;Bae, Sang-Hoon
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.25-35
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    • 2011
  • Traffic volume increases due to diversification of industry. Also, Automobile ownerships also increase steadily. It is estimated that the registered number of vehicle is expected to be 20 milion in the year 2015. These trends may result in increasing the number of woman drivers and elderly drivers. Therefore, this study aims to identify routes that reflect characteristics of each driver's preferences. A survey was conducted on different routes attributes for variances drivers. Driver types were classified by gender, age, and driving career. Accordingly, a weight for road composition attribute such as number of lanes, number of accidents, slope was estimated by using Swing Weighting technique in Multi-Attribute Utility Theory. In addition, a case study was conducted and identified weights were applied to routes. In result, drivers commonly prefer short route when they considered their routes. Also, male drivers prefer speedy and shorter route than that of female drivers. Elderly drivers prefer safe routes that represent low accidents rate. Moreover driving career under a year drivers prefer safe and easy routes. Therefore, we may conclude that the necessity of diversified route information is essential in the future car navigation system.

Analysis on the Car Ownership Structure Considering Household Car Ownership Pattern (가구별 차량보유패턴을 고려한 차량 보유구조 분석)

  • Lee, Jeong Hun;Jung, Hun Young
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.667-675
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    • 2016
  • The goal of this study is to be used as baseline data for transportation demand management. At the present time the number of registered car and householding car is increasing, so there is a need to analyze the car ownership pattern through household car hold status. Also, it is necessary to analyze the factor of increasing car. The research is proceeded with classifying as the household which is holding private cars or holding passenger cars and non passenger cars based on the result of the research of the household travel survey data. The result of this study is shown as follows. According to car ownership pattern, there are more households holding passenger cars only when they are holding less than 2 cars. Otherwise there are more households holding passenger car and non passenger car when they are holding more than 3 cars. Using the Ordered Logit Model, there are more differences in factors affects holding cars by variables of housing type and household properties.

A Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation based on Mileage Through Accumulation of Activity Databases (활동자료 구축을 통한 주행거리 기반의 온실가스 배출량산정방법에 관한 연구)

  • Bae, Bo Ram;Kim, Gyeong Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2014
  • The tier 3 methodology used in estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from road sectors is based on mileage data. However, such data can neither accurately represent the mileage of regional unit nor have sufficient integrated data reflecting the characteristics by region, vehicle type, fuel type and road type. Such estimation of greenhouse gas emissions is not reliable. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is, firstly to accumulate activity data based on distance traveled which enables us to accurately estimate the amount of green gas emitted by regional unit(emission point), and secondly, to develop a methodology for estimation of greenhouse gas emissions using these data. To do this, the study utilizes the mileage data of Korea Transportation Safety Authority(TS), statistics of registered motor vehicles, statistical yearbook of traffic volume from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MLIT), the Korea Transport Database of the Korea Transport Institute(KOTI), and average road speed by local government. Methodology for estimation by local government level(emission point) is meaningful, because it reflects traffic pattern data including flow in and out and internal traffics. Finally, to verify the methodology presented in this study, it is applied to Seoul. Both greenhouse gas estimates, one by multiplying the average mileage and the number of registered vehicles and the other by multiplying traffic volume and road extension, are less than the amount estimated by the methodology presented in this study.

Fuel Consumption Estimation Models for Heavy Freight Vehicles on Various Operating Speeds (대형화물차량의 주행속도에 따른 연료소모량 산정 모형 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Ju Sam;Eo, Hyo Kyoung
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.6D
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    • pp.749-754
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    • 2011
  • It is common that basic unit and model of fuel consumption have been used to evaluate effectiveness analysis of transportation infrastructure investment programs. However they could not reflect vehicle characteristics such as loading capacity and types of heavy vehicles. For these reasons, this study reviews convention fuel consumption model which is widely used and conducts a field experiment for 5 classes of heavy vehicles. To develop the fuel consumption quadratic model the field data are used and we develop each model by classes, and then compare with convention fuel consumption model. As a result, between convention and suggested model, there are considerable differences, which have a similar pattern between an 11-ton cargo of convention model and a 25-ton cargo type dump truck of the suggested model. Likewise we identify that there is an approximately 26% gap between convention model result and the result which is calculated a weighted average by registered number of heavy vehicles based on 5 types of fuel consumption model suggested in this study. This result implies that convention fuel assumption model has a realistic limitation.

A feasibility study on Introducing the Reference Fuel(Gasoline) for Testing Vehicles in South Korea (국내 표준연료(휘발유) 도입 필요성 검토 연구)

  • Kang, Hyungkyu;Seong, Sangrae;Song, Hoyoung;Hwang, Inha;Ha, Jonghan;Na, Byungki
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.824-835
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    • 2016
  • Although the number of registered cars in South Korea is above 21million and one family has about 1.07 cars, there is no national standard for automobile reference fuel in South Korea. Reference fuel is the fuel used for certificating vehicle performance, emissions and fuel economy. Now, domestic market fuels are used as reference fuel. However, the quality of domestic market fuel is constantly changing by seasonal and fuel manufacturers. It may effect vehicle performance, emissions and fuel efficiency test result. On this study, market fuel quality was monitored and reference fuel standard(draft) was set by reflecting market fuel monitoring result. Reference fuel standard(draft) was applied to GDI and MPI engine. As a result, the difference of fuel economy between fuels meeting the reference fuel standards(draft) was reduced to 1.1% while the difference of fuel economy between market fuels was 3.8%.

A Study on the Meaning and Strategy of Keyword Advertising Marketing

  • Park, Nam Goo
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2010
  • At the initial stage of Internet advertising, banner advertising came into fashion. As the Internet developed into a central part of daily lives and the competition in the on-line advertising market was getting fierce, there was not enough space for banner advertising, which rushed to portal sites only. All these factors was responsible for an upsurge in advertising prices. Consequently, the high-cost and low-efficiency problems with banner advertising were raised, which led to an emergence of keyword advertising as a new type of Internet advertising to replace its predecessor. In the beginning of 2000s, when Internet advertising came to be activated, display advertisement including banner advertising dominated the Net. However, display advertising showed signs of gradual decline, and registered minus growth in the year 2009, whereas keyword advertising showed rapid growth and started to outdo display advertising as of the year 2005. Keyword advertising refers to the advertising technique that exposes relevant advertisements on the top of research sites when one searches for a keyword. Instead of exposing advertisements to unspecified individuals like banner advertising, keyword advertising, or targeted advertising technique, shows advertisements only when customers search for a desired keyword so that only highly prospective customers are given a chance to see them. In this context, it is also referred to as search advertising. It is regarded as more aggressive advertising with a high hit rate than previous advertising in that, instead of the seller discovering customers and running an advertisement for them like TV, radios or banner advertising, it exposes advertisements to visiting customers. Keyword advertising makes it possible for a company to seek publicity on line simply by making use of a single word and to achieve a maximum of efficiency at a minimum cost. The strong point of keyword advertising is that customers are allowed to directly contact the products in question through its more efficient advertising when compared to the advertisements of mass media such as TV and radio, etc. The weak point of keyword advertising is that a company should have its advertisement registered on each and every portal site and finds it hard to exercise substantial supervision over its advertisement, there being a possibility of its advertising expenses exceeding its profits. Keyword advertising severs as the most appropriate methods of advertising for the sales and publicity of small and medium enterprises which are in need of a maximum of advertising effect at a low advertising cost. At present, keyword advertising is divided into CPC advertising and CPM advertising. The former is known as the most efficient technique, which is also referred to as advertising based on the meter rate system; A company is supposed to pay for the number of clicks on a searched keyword which users have searched. This is representatively adopted by Overture, Google's Adwords, Naver's Clickchoice, and Daum's Clicks, etc. CPM advertising is dependent upon the flat rate payment system, making a company pay for its advertisement on the basis of the number of exposure, not on the basis of the number of clicks. This method fixes a price for advertisement on the basis of 1,000-time exposure, and is mainly adopted by Naver's Timechoice, Daum's Speciallink, and Nate's Speedup, etc, At present, the CPC method is most frequently adopted. The weak point of the CPC method is that advertising cost can rise through constant clicks from the same IP. If a company makes good use of strategies for maximizing the strong points of keyword advertising and complementing its weak points, it is highly likely to turn its visitors into prospective customers. Accordingly, an advertiser should make an analysis of customers' behavior and approach them in a variety of ways, trying hard to find out what they want. With this in mind, her or she has to put multiple keywords into use when running for ads. When he or she first runs an ad, he or she should first give priority to which keyword to select. The advertiser should consider how many individuals using a search engine will click the keyword in question and how much money he or she has to pay for the advertisement. As the popular keywords that the users of search engines are frequently using are expensive in terms of a unit cost per click, the advertisers without much money for advertising at the initial phrase should pay attention to detailed keywords suitable to their budget. Detailed keywords are also referred to as peripheral keywords or extension keywords, which can be called a combination of major keywords. Most keywords are in the form of texts. The biggest strong point of text-based advertising is that it looks like search results, causing little antipathy to it. But it fails to attract much attention because of the fact that most keyword advertising is in the form of texts. Image-embedded advertising is easy to notice due to images, but it is exposed on the lower part of a web page and regarded as an advertisement, which leads to a low click through rate. However, its strong point is that its prices are lower than those of text-based advertising. If a company owns a logo or a product that is easy enough for people to recognize, the company is well advised to make good use of image-embedded advertising so as to attract Internet users' attention. Advertisers should make an analysis of their logos and examine customers' responses based on the events of sites in question and the composition of products as a vehicle for monitoring their behavior in detail. Besides, keyword advertising allows them to analyze the advertising effects of exposed keywords through the analysis of logos. The logo analysis refers to a close analysis of the current situation of a site by making an analysis of information about visitors on the basis of the analysis of the number of visitors and page view, and that of cookie values. It is in the log files generated through each Web server that a user's IP, used pages, the time when he or she uses it, and cookie values are stored. The log files contain a huge amount of data. As it is almost impossible to make a direct analysis of these log files, one is supposed to make an analysis of them by using solutions for a log analysis. The generic information that can be extracted from tools for each logo analysis includes the number of viewing the total pages, the number of average page view per day, the number of basic page view, the number of page view per visit, the total number of hits, the number of average hits per day, the number of hits per visit, the number of visits, the number of average visits per day, the net number of visitors, average visitors per day, one-time visitors, visitors who have come more than twice, and average using hours, etc. These sites are deemed to be useful for utilizing data for the analysis of the situation and current status of rival companies as well as benchmarking. As keyword advertising exposes advertisements exclusively on search-result pages, competition among advertisers attempting to preoccupy popular keywords is very fierce. Some portal sites keep on giving priority to the existing advertisers, whereas others provide chances to purchase keywords in question to all the advertisers after the advertising contract is over. If an advertiser tries to rely on keywords sensitive to seasons and timeliness in case of sites providing priority to the established advertisers, he or she may as well make a purchase of a vacant place for advertising lest he or she should miss appropriate timing for advertising. However, Naver doesn't provide priority to the existing advertisers as far as all the keyword advertisements are concerned. In this case, one can preoccupy keywords if he or she enters into a contract after confirming the contract period for advertising. This study is designed to take a look at marketing for keyword advertising and to present effective strategies for keyword advertising marketing. At present, the Korean CPC advertising market is virtually monopolized by Overture. Its strong points are that Overture is based on the CPC charging model and that advertisements are registered on the top of the most representative portal sites in Korea. These advantages serve as the most appropriate medium for small and medium enterprises to use. However, the CPC method of Overture has its weak points, too. That is, the CPC method is not the only perfect advertising model among the search advertisements in the on-line market. So it is absolutely necessary that small and medium enterprises including independent shopping malls should complement the weaknesses of the CPC method and make good use of strategies for maximizing its strengths so as to increase their sales and to create a point of contact with customers.

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