• STI Policy Review
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.110-148
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• 2016

This study examines the technical level of North Korea's S&T and identifies areas for potential North-South cooperation. First, North Korean media is analyzed for situations and trends from 2010 to 2015. Despite some commendable achievements, North Korean S&T remains lacking in basic science and commercialization potential. Despite an awareness of the importance of international cooperation, North Korea is hampered by international sanctions and their own caution, consequently concentrating their efforts on China. Details of their cooperation reflect their interests and needs to a certain extent, although their collaborations were mainly in the form of meetings and conferences rather than active joint research. To assess the potential areas of cooperation with South Korea, this study also draws on interviews with NGOs and professionals working with North Korea. The country's present situation is analyzed and some practical examples of possible cooperation is suggested. North Korea has the potential to expand its cooperation not only with South Korea but with many other countries. North Korea also promisingly expresses interest in cooperation.

• Strategy21
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• 통권34호
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• pp.128-148
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• 2014

In south Korea, the so-called 'conservative-liberal' rivalry over the assessment of the government's North Korean policies is seen to be impeding the road to right policy choices. For example, the liberals accused former President Lee Myung-bak's hardline policy of provoking Pyongyang and leading to a deterioration of inter-Korean relations, while the conservatives appreciated it for helping nurture mutually beneficial inter-Korean relations in the longer term by compelling North Korea to observe international norms. However, such debate over the vices and virtues of Seoul's North Korea policies is hardly meaningful as the measuring sticks used by the liberals and the conservatives are entirely different matters. The two major goals South Korea must pursue with its North Korean policies should be 'peaceful management of division' and 'change in North Korea'. The former is related to maintaining stability within South Korea and promoting co-prosperity with North Korea. For this, the nation needs to engage, encompass and assist the Pyongyang regime. The second goal is also necessary since South Korea, as a divided nation, must seek a unified Korea under the system of democracy and market economies by bringing change in North Korea. For this, South Korea needs powerful leverages with which it can persuade and coerce the North. This means that the nation is destined to simultaneously chase the above-mentioned two goals, while also both recognizing and negating the legitimacy of the North Korean regime. This situation necessitates Seoul to apply flexibility in reconciling with Pyongyang while applying firm principles to sever the vicious circle involving the North's military provocations. The May 25 Measures, which banned trade and economic cooperation with the North except those related to humanitarian assistance, were taken as sanctions against Pyongyang for sinking the South Korean corvette Chonan in March 2010. The Measures were taken by the Seoul government immediately after a multinational investigation team discovered evidence confirming that the South Korean naval ship had been torpedoed by a midget North Korean submarine. Naturally, the May 24 Measures have since then become a major stumbling block in inter-Korean exchange, prompting opposition politicians and concerned entrepreneurs to demand Seoul to unilaterally lift the Measures. Given the significant damages the Measures have inflicted on inter-Korean economic relations, removing them remains as homework for both Koreas. However, the Measures pertains to the 'principles on national security' the Seoul government must adhere to under all circumstances. This is why North Korea's apology and promises not to repeat similar provocations must come first. For now, South Korea has no alternative but to let North Korea solve the problems it has created. South Korea's role is to help the North do so.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2018

Objectives: This article aims to clarify the understanding and publication status of both The Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Donguibogam) and some of its recent research progress made in North Korea, as well as their influences upon the academic of Koryo medicine in North Korea. Methods: Analysis was carried out based on various reference books, dictionaries and Korean translation of Donguibogam (1964 Ver.) published by North Korea, as well as the North Korean quarterly medical journal, Koryo Medicine. Results: The academic of Koryo medicine in North Korea regards Donguibogam, a Korean medical classic as it was written by native Korean physicians and it became an important ground material for basic research and clinical study. Various terminologies used in the original version of Donguibogam were defined as unscientific and superstitious by North Korean academics, which were then subsequently removed from the Korean translation of Donguibogam (1964 Ver.) published by North Korea. Therefore, this version cannot be seen as a complete edition of Donguibogam. Conclusions: The Donguibogam is known as one of the 'three major books of Koryo medicine' in North Korea. As a treasure of East-Asian traditional medical classic, Donguibogam is expected to become the medium for a closer research collaboration between the North and South Koreas including China in the future.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

본 연구는 북·중 및 북·중·러 접경지역을 경유한 북한관광에 대한 한국인의 수요를 추정하고, 북한지역에서 지출할 것으로 예상되는 관광지출액을 도출하여, 북한 지역경제 파급효과를 추정하였다. 북한 방문이 가능한 상황을 전제로 향후 5년 이내에 해당 지역을 방문할 의향이 있는지 물어 본 결과 응답자의 약 64.1%가 방문하겠다고 답하였다. 응답자의 방문의사를 기초로 마켓팅분야의 구매의도분석을 적용하여 수요를 도출한 결과 관광수요는 연간 연인원 4,136,361명으로 나타났다. 1인당 평균지출액은 153만 2천원, 총지출액은 6조 3,369억원으로 나타났다. 총지출액 중에서 항공료를 제외한 후 방문지역마다 균등하게 지출한다는 가정하에, 북한지역에 지출될 금액을 추정해 본 결과 2조 8,387억원으로 나타났다. 이 지출액이 북한 지역경제에 미칠 후방파급효과는 총생산유발 7조 9,721억원, 부가가치유발 2조 6,194억원, 취업유발 약 2,890,443명으로 나타났다. 추정한 부가가치유발효과는 한국은행이 추계한 2020년 북한 명목 GDP의 약 7.6%에 달하는 것으로 나타나, 한국인의 북한관광에 따른 지출은 북한 지역경제에 유의미한 영향을 줄 것으로 보인다. 한국인의 해외여행 증가에 따라 북한관광수요도 꾸준히 증가할 가능성이 있으므로 여건이 개선된다면, 북한 관광인프라개발을 위한 남북협력도 필요하다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.3-22
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 제2차 북한의 핵 위기 특히 2006년 10월 북한의 핵실험 이후 중국의 대북 정책이 왜 압박과 유인 정책간의 혼선을 보이고 있는지를 분석하는데 있다. 본 연구는 혼선을 보이고 있는 중국의 대북 정책의 근본적인 원인이 북한에 대해 중국이 갖고 있는 두 가지 목표 즉 한반도와 동북아시아의 안정 그리고 한반도의 비핵화간에 존재하는 딜레마로 인한 것이라고 주장한다. 북한이 핵개발 의도를 가시화하고 중국 역시 자국 안보의 위협으로 중재자의 역할을 자처하게 되면서 북한에 대한 중국의 목표는 상호 모순적인 상황에 처하게 되었다. 중국이 북한에 대해 갖고 있는 두 가지 목표는 1978년 개혁개방 이후부터 중국의 기본노선인 '경제발전'을 이룩하기 위해 추구해온 주변 지역 안정과 직결되기 때문에 중국의 대북 목표 전환은 그리 쉽지 않다. 따라서 북한이 비핵화에 대한 노력을 기울이지 않고 중국이 북한에 대해 한반도 평화와 비핵화라는 두 가지 목표를 지속한다면, 북한에 대한 중국 정책의 혼선은 앞으로도 지속될 것으로 전망할 수 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2024

The production of the North Korea fisheries industry has been steadily falling since it reached its peak in the 1980s. The production of thefisheries industry is an important indicator of the current status and changes in the North Korea fisheries industry as a whole. This study reviewed the production volume of the North Korea fishery and derived changes and characteristics of the North Korea fisheries from the standpoint of production changes. Changes in North Korea's fisheries industry in the situation of falling production are as follows. First, the production of capture fisheries has fallen sharply. Second, the production of seaweed farming increased. In particular, the production of kelp farming has increased rapidly since the 1970s. Third, North Korea is trying to diversify its production means to cope with the decline in production. The characteristics of the North Korea fisheries from the viewpoint of falling production are as follows. First, the proportion of seaweed aquaculture in the fishery output is excessively high. In particular, the proportion of kelp is high. Second, production facilities are concentrated in the East Sea. Third, there is little production of fish farming using deep-sea fishing and sea sponges. Fourth, the production of the fisheries industry is falling continuously in the long term.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-181
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• 2007

The commercial relationship between South and North Korea is defined under the concept of economic relation and cooperation. To resolve any dispute that can arise from the trade and investment relations between South and North Korea, 'Agreement on the Procedures to Resolve Commercial Arbitration of South-North Korea' came into force in August 2003. Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea will be organized as the member lists of the committee were exchanged in July 2006 between South and North Korea. This committee must become a central system to settle the trade and investment disputes between South and North Korea. North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act was enacted to provide the foreign investors with the safe measures in their investments such as dispute resolution. But this Act can not dispute the trade and investment disputes between South and North Korea. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the activation of arbitration between South and North Korea by studying Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea introduced by Agreement on the Procedures to Resolve Commercial Arbitration of South-North Korea and Agreement on the Construction and Operation of Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea and finding the problems and solutions of Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

The need for developing sustainable solutions for managing the animal waste is vital for the future of the animal industry in North Carolina. As part of that process, the North Carolina Attorney General has concluded that the public interest will be served by the development and implementation of environmentally superior swine waste management technologies appropriate to each category of hog farms. To facilitate in the development, testing, and evaluation of potential technologies it is necessary that all aspects of environmental issues (air, water, soil, odor and odorants, and disease-transmitting vectors and airborne pathogens) be addressed as Part of a comprehensive strategy, Program OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen) Is comprehensively addressing these issues.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2020

Economic Development Zone(EDZ) in the province is one of the foreign policy for economic development of North Korea. North Korea has promulgated 27 Economic Development Zones(5 EDZs as central level and 22 EDZs as provincial level) to promote economic growth through the expansion of external opening policy. EDZs of the provinces play an important role in North Korea's national and regional economic growth. The purpose of this study is to select analytical criteria that can be quantified when considering the location conditions of North Korean economic development zones when domestic companies advance into North Korea according to the progress of inter-Korean economic cooperation, and derive the relative importance between the criteria. After that, based on this, we intend to quantify the evaluation of the location priority of the economic development zone. In this study, through AHP analysis results, when domestic companies enter North Korea, we derive the importance and preference of location selection factors when considering the location conditions of North Korean economic development zones. Taking into account the reality of North Korea when the Korean company entered the North economic development zone following location for evaluation. That is, logistics and transportation, industrial infrastructure, competitiveness, and management incentives. And 14 sub-factors were selected and AHP analysis was performed.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2020

The international community's sanctions against North Korea, triggered by North Korea's nuclear tests and by missile development in the country, are considered the strongest sanctions in history, banning exports of North Korea's major items and limiting imports of machinery and oil products. Accordingly, North Korea's trade volume decreased to the level of collapse after the sanctions, meaning that the sanctions against North Korea were considered to be effective. However, according to this paper, which analyzed the price fluctuations of refined petroleum products in North Korea through the methodology of an event study, the market prices of oil products were only temporarily affected by the sanctions and remained stable over the long run despite the restrictions on the volumes of refined petroleum products introduced. This can be explained by evidence that North Korea has introduced refined oil supplies that are not much different from those before the sanctions through its use of illegal transshipments even after the sanctions. With regard to strategic materials such as refined oil, the North Korean authorities are believed to be desperately avoiding sanctions by, for instance, finding loopholes in the sanctions to meet the minimum level of demand.