• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1161-1171
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor (DT) imaging-derived properties of benign oligemia, true "at risk" penumbra (TP), and the infarct core (IC) during the first 3 hours of stroke onset. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the local animal care and use committee. DT imaging data were obtained from 14 rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) using a 7T magnetic resonance scanner (Bruker) in room air. Relative cerebral blood flow and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated to define oligemia, TP, IC, and normal tissue (NT) every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. Relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), pure anisotropy (rq), diffusion magnitude (rL), ADC (rADC), axial diffusivity (rAD), and radial diffusivity (rRD) values were derived by comparison with the contralateral normal brain. Results: The mean volume of oligemia was $24.7{\pm}14.1mm^3$, that of TP was $81.3{\pm}62.6mm^3$, and that of IC was $123.0{\pm}85.2mm^3$ at 30 minutes after pMCAO. rFA showed an initial paradoxical 10% increase in IC and TP, and declined afterward. The rq, rL, rADC, rAD, and rRD showed an initial discrepant decrease in IC (from -24% to -36%) as compared with TP (from -7% to -13%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in metrics, except rFA, were found between tissue subtypes in the first 2.5 hours. The rq demonstrated the best overall performance in discriminating TP from IC (accuracy = 92.6%, area under curve = 0.93) and the optimal cutoff value was -33.90%. The metric values for oligemia and NT remained similar at all time points. Conclusion: Benign oligemia is small and remains microstructurally normal under pMCAO. TP and IC show a distinct evolution of DT-derived properties within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, and are thus potentially useful in predicting the fate of ischemic brain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.263-274
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• 1989

The present study was conducted ill. order to get the normal blood chemical values of Korean Jindo dogs. Blood samples were taken from 160(♂34, ♀126) healthy Jindo dogs in Jindo area. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1. The mean values of serum total protein(TP), albumin(Alb) and globulin(Glb) content, cholesterol(Chole), magnesium(Mg), calcium(Ca), inorganic phosphate(P), potassium(K), sodium(Na) and chloride(Cl) concentration in the group of less than one year old were 6.64(♂6.62, ♀6.64), 3.63(♂3.57, ♀3.65) and 3.00(♂3.05, ♀2.99)g/100ml, 170.97(♂166.46, ♀172.68)mg/100ml, 1.45(♂1.43, ♀1.46), 5.76(♂5.62, ♀5.81), 4.80(♂4.95, ♀4.75), 4.84(♂4.72, ♀4.89), 148.93(♂148.79, ♀148.98) and 110.22(♂110.42, ♀110.14)mEq/L, respectively, whereas the TP, Alb and Glb content, Chole Mg, Ca, P, K, Na and Cl concentration in the group of one year old and more were 6.88(♂6.84, ♀6.89), 3.65(♂3.63, ♀3.66) and 3.23(♂3.21, ♀3.23)g/100ml, 167.48(♂173.80, ♀166.48)mg/100ml, 1.40(♂1.36, ♀1.40), 5.69(♂5.53, ♀5.71), 4.62(♂4.73, ♀4.60), 4.88(♂4.90, ♀4.87), 149.86(♂149.60, ♀149.90) and 110.03(♂110.70, ♀109.92)mEq/L, respectively. The ratios of mean serum albumin to globulin(A/G), calcium to inorganic phosphate(Ca/P) and sodium to potassium(Na/K) in the group of less than one year old were 1.21(♂1.17, ♀1.22), 1.20(♂1.14, ♀1.22) and 30.77(♂31.52, ♀30.47), respectively, whereas the A/G, Ca/P and Na/K in the group of one year old and more were 1.13(♂1.13, ♀1.13), 1.23(♂1.17, ♀1.24) and 30.71(♂30.53, ♀30.78), respectively. 2. The mean values of Alb content, Mg, Ca and K concentration, A/G and Ca/P ratio appeared to be higher in the female than in the male, whereas the reverse was the case with P concentration. No differences were found between male and female in the TP and Glb content, Chole, Na and Cl concentration and Na/K ratio. 3. The mean values of Glb content appeared to be higher in the group less than one year old than in the group of one year old and more, whereas the reverse was the case with A/G ratio. The mean values of TP and Alb content and Ca/P ratio in the age groups less than one year tended to increase with aging, whereas the reverse was the case with Ca and P concentration. No differences were found between age groups in the Mg, K, Na and Cl concentration and Na/K ratio.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to suggest reference line-pair values of panoramic images with clinically desirable qualities using an arch-form phantom stand. Materials and Methods: The line-pair test phantom was chosen. A real skull model was selected for setting the arch-form model of the phantom stand. The phantom stand had slits in four regions (incisor, premolar, molar, TMJ). Four raw images of the test phantom in each region and one raw image of the real skull were converted into 50 test phantom images and 50 skull phantom images with various line-pair values. 50 post-processed real skull phantom images were divided into 4 groups and were randomly submitted to 14 evaluators. Image quality was graded on a 4 point scale (1. good, 2. normal, 3. poor but interpretable, and 4. not interpretable). The reference line pair was determined as the first line-pair value scored less than 2 points. Result: The mean scores tended to decrease as the line-pair values increased. The reference line-pair values were 3.19 LP/mm in the incisor, 2.32 LP/mm in the premolar and TMJ, and 1.88 LP/mm in the molar region. Conclusion: Image quality evaluation methods and criteria should be able to assess various regions considering the characteristics of panoramic systems. This study suggested overall and regional reference line-pair values and established a set of standard values for them.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2005

The aim of this study researchs status of the nutrient intake between male and female students and the nutrient intake by BMI. This study was done to investigate the body composition and nutrient intakes of 340 college students (170 males, 170 females) in Gyeonggi area. Weight, height, BMI, and blood pressure of these college students were measured Nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method, and then calculated using the nutritional evaluation program [CAN Pro 2.0 professional (Korean Nutrition Society, 2002)]. Average height and weight were 176$\pm$5.1 cm, 70.60$\pm$l.l kg in male students and 162.2/$\pm$4.5 cm, 54.4$\pm$7.7 kg in female students respectively. Subjects were divided into three groups by BMI: underweight (less than 18.5), normal weight (18.5 to less than 23), and overweight (more than 23). The ratios of male and female subjects among these groups were 5.3% and 17.6% in underweight, 50% and 65.3% in normal weight, and 44.7% and 17.2% in overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 124.0$\pm$1.5 mmHg and 76.1$\pm$14.8 mmHg in males and 1l0.l$\pm$12.9 mmHg and 70.l$\pm$10.8 mmHg in females, all in the normal range. Using nutrient values of the 7th Recommended Dietary Allowanes, the nutrient intake was calculated to Korean RDA (%). Nutrients below 75% Korean RDA were Calcium, Vitamin $B_2$, and Folate and nutrients above 100% RDA were Protein, Fe, Phosphorous, and Vitamin $B_6$. BMI showed positive correlations with body fat (%)(p<0.01) and WHR (p<0.01). Nutritional education is desirable for the improvement of dietary behaviors, body composition and nutrient intake of college students.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2005

The weight of spectacles fined on is resolved into its components along the nose's slide plane and the normal to the nose plane where the nosepad is located. The equation and its numerical solution to determine the component force was derived as a function of splay angle ${\Psi}$, $sin{\Psi}$, $cos{\Psi}$, and $cot{\Psi}$, incorporated with ${\theta}$ and ${\Phi}$, the angles viewed from side and front of the face, respectively. Values of inclination angle ${\theta}$ and ${\Phi}$ could be obtained to fulfill the condition where the frictional force between the nose and pad is either greater than the normal pressure exerted by the spectacles on the nose. With the value of ${\theta}$ fixed the normal pressure increases as ${\Phi}$ increases. With ${\Phi}$ fixed, the effect of ${\theta}$ is the same.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2005

The nutritional status of pre-school children is important for both physical growth and functional development. This study investigated the anthropometric, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of the pre-school children living in Asan for planning nutritional education program. The dietary intakes were measured by 2-day 24 hr recall recorded by children's mothers and the anthropometric data were collected by measuring children's weights, heights, and percent body fat at Asan Public Health Center. The children were 161 boys and 129 girls aged 5 and 6 years. When children's nutritional status was determined by their anthropometric status (underweight, normal weight and overweight) determined by z-score (normal range between -1.00 and 1.00), only 1.4% of the children belonged to underweight group while 55.7% and 42.9% belonged to normal and overweight groups, respectively. Significantly higher number of children belonged to overweight group for 5 year-olds. No differences were observed in nutrient intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) values among nutritional status groups. Intakes of the most nutrients were adequate, but NAR and INQ of calcium and zinc were low. When nutrient intakes, NAR and INQ were compared by sex or age, all nutrient intakes were appropriate except calcium and zinc intakes of 6 year-olds. Nutrient intakes of 5 years were higher than those of 6 years. The mean of nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.85 and mean INQ was 1.51 for all participants. The nutritional management program for pre-school children in Asan would be directed differently by age groups and education material should contain contents educating to consume moderate amount of food for 5 year-olds and to increase intake of foods with mineral nutrients such as calcium and zinc for 6 year-olds.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoarthritis as well as assess the risk factors associated with osteoarthritis in Koreans over 65 years using data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2012. Of the participants from KNHANES V, a total of 3,479 subjects were analyzed using SPSS statistics complex samples (Windows ver. 21.0). Osteoarthritis was more frequently found in female (32.5%) or rural (26.8%) groups than male (9.3%) or urban (20.3%) groups. Mean age of the osteoarthritis group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. Mean values of BMI and waist circumference were significantly higher in the osteoarthritis group than in the normal group, whereas height, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were not. Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) was significantly higher in the normal group than in the osteoarthritis group. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that obesity and vitamin A/riboflavin intakes were significantly related to the prevalence of osteoarthritis, whereas smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, anemia, and diabetes were not. This study suggests that obesity and nutrient intakes were associated with osteoarthritis, whereas chronic diseases such as hyper-lipidemia, anemia, and diabetes as well as health habits were not. Prospective research of long-term control is needed to establish the effects of those factors on the osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.587-596
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• 2002

A super ensemble model was developed for the seasonal prediction of regional precipitation in Korea using the lag correlated large scale predictors, based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and multiple linear regression model. The predictability of this model was also evaluated by cross-validation. Correlation between the predicted and the observed value obtained from the super ensemble model showed 0.73 in spring, 0.61 in summer, 0.69 in autumn and 0.75 in winter. The predictability of categorical forecasting was also evaluated based on the three classes such as above normal, near normal and below normal that are clearly defined in terms of a priori specified by threshold values. Categorical forecasting by the super ensemble model has a hit rate with a range from 0.42 to 0.74 in seasonal precipitation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 1987

In this study, characteristics of multi-photos and optimal photographing method are suggested by analyzing the normal case and convergent case with multiple method. The optimal photographing method is applied to deformation measurement of a model miniature structure under loading. Comparing with conventional measurement method in accuracy, efficiency and proprities of application of this method are suggested. As a result, the optimal photographing condition is ideal at $90^{\circ}$ convergent multiple case, whose measurement values approach to that of precision level within $5{\sim}9{\mu}m$ and bring more than about 55% improvement of accuracy comparing with normal case at the number of photos respectively. Therefore application of this method in deformation measurement as well as precision analysis of structures is desired in precision and economical aspect.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1975

The serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH) were measured by means of radioimmunoassay, in 98 cases of normal controls, 51 cases of hyperthyroidism, 80 cases of primary hypothyroidism and 4 cases of secondary hypothyroidism to evaluate the diagnostic significance in various functional states of the thyroid. The obtained data were analyzed in correlation with other thyroid function test values in various phases of the functional thyroid diseases. The results were as follows: 1) The serum TSH concentration in normal control group was $<1.3{\sim}8.0{\mu}U/ml$. 2) The measurement of serum TSH was more significant in diagnostic accuracy compared with that of serum $T_4(75.0{\pm}12.2%)$. Free $T_4$ Index ($64.2{\pm}15.2%$), serum $T_3(41.0{\pm}21.0%)\;or\;T_3$ resin uptake ($41.1{\pm}15.8%$) in evaluation of primary hypothyroidism. 3) In case of overt hypothyroidism, the serum TSH and $T_4$ were both abnormal, compatible with the clinical diagnosis, while in case of preclinical or mild hypothyroidism, the serum $T_4(41.2{\pm}23.8%)\;or\;50.0{\pm}25.0%)$ was much less reliable than serum TSH. 4) In the treatment of primary hypothyroidism with desiccated thyroid, the administration of 1 grain of the hormone per day was sufficient to suppress the serum concentration of TSH to normal range. It showed that the measurement of serum TSH concentration was a significant criteria in evaluating the efficiency of the treatment of hypothyroidism. 5) The measurement of serum TSH concentration is a very significant method in the early detection of hypothyroidism induced during or after the treatment of the hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs or radioactive Iodine ($^{131}I$).