• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, calcium, sodium intake and related biochemical variables, and to analyze the relationship between BMD, and blood pressure, physical characteristics, nutrient intakes of Korean adult women. The study subjects were 30~80years old, 513 women living in Seoul and Kyunggi area who participated in 2011 KNHANES. The study subjects were divided into three BMD groups; normal, n = 259 (50.4%), osteopenia, n = 169 (32.9%), and osteoporosis, n = 85 (16.7%). Average height and weight and fat free mass decreased with a decrease in BMD. Average BMD of normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis were 0.87, 0.79, $0.70g/cm^2$, and T-score were 0.42, -0.66, -1.62, respectively. Higher systolic blood pressure, alkaline phosphatase, and triglyceride were significantly associated with a decrease in the BMD. The rates of hypertension were significantly increased from normal to osteoporosis. i.e. 18.5% in normal, 34.3% in osteopenia and 63.5% in osteoporosis. Average nutrientintakes such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were significantly lower in subjects with lower BMD.n. Average calcium intake of normal, osteopernia and osteoporosis were 528.50, 416.96, 389.56 mg, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between calcium, phosphorus and age, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride. Also, there were negative correlation systolic blood pressure (incomplete sentence). In this study, we found low BMD according to low calcium intake increase the risk of osteoporosis and hypertension rather than sodium intake, also calcium intake decreased with increase age. Therefore, in order to prevent osteoporosis and hypertension, subjects need to be educated regarding the importance of calcium nutrients in diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.394-405
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is a rising problem, as the older age population is increasing due to prolongation of life. Genetic and environmental factors play key roles in bone metabolism, and diet is also an important factor. We investigated the relationship among factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD), including daily food intake and nutrient intake in men aged >50 years. Seventy-eight men, who visited the health promotion center at one of the university medical centers, were divided into normal and osteopenia groups according to their BMD. The body weight of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the osteopenia group. The osteopenia group showed significantly higher carbohydrate intake and lower calcium and vegetable calcium intake compared to those in the normal group. Lumbar spine BMD was negatively correlated with energy, fat, vitamin B1, and sodium intake in the normal group. Additionally, femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with total animal protein, energy, protein, fat, phosphorous, iron, animal iron, potassium, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin intake. Lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with fruit, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, and vitamin C intake in the osteopenia group. Femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with meat, dairy product, total animal protein, plant protein, animal protein, vitamin A, and cholesterol intake. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that several dietary factors affected BMD, including energy, fat, vitamin B1, B2, B6, niacin, sodium, protein, iron, animal iron, phosphorous, potassium, and animal protein in the normal group and zinc, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, vitamin C, fruit, protein, animal protein, meat, dairy product, carbohydrates, cholesterol, vegetables, mushrooms, and seasonings in the osteopenia group. These results indicate that adequate nutrient intake plays an important role maintaining optimum bone health in middle aged men.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.254.1-254.1
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• 2014

Atmospheric plasma's electron temperature is less than thermal plasma, so it is useful at bio experiment. We have investigated the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) lines by spectrometer during Atmospheric plasma bombardment onto the PBS surface by using an Ar gas flow. Also we have measured the OH radical density inside the solution induced by the Atmospheric plasma bombardment. OH radical species are appeared at 308 nm and 309 nm. Densities of OH radical species has been found to be significantly decreased versus depth of the solution from 2 mm to 6 mm. OH radical density inside the PBS is measured to be about $1.87{\times}1016cm-3$ downstream at 2 mm from the surface under optimized Ar gas flow of 200 sccm in Atmospheric plasma. Also we have investigated cell viability of lung cancer and normal cell after Atmospheric plasma treatment for fixed exposure time in 60 seconds, but different depths. We used SEM, we observed change of cell morphorogy, did experiment about FDA & PI Staining method. It is found that there is selectivity between the lung cancer and lung normal cell, in which cancer cell definitely has higher cell death ratio more than normal cell. We have investigated change of bond structure in FT-IR spectroscopy, the following peaks were observed: and intense O-H peak at 3422 cm-1 and at 2925 cm-1 corresponds to C-H stretch vibrations of methylene group.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1987

To compensate density of abnormal lung field for density of normal lung field, used each cellulose paper calculated sensitometry and contrast. As apply clinic part to the result: We are able to compensate density of abnormal lung that is pleural effusion atelectasis, etc for normal lung. We believe this method is good one because the method is simple to change exposure and the material is cheap enough to be accessible to every one and easily buyable and we need not be afraid of loss of image quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1996

This paper deals with the distributions of magnetic flux of an electro-magnetic chuck which is one of the most commonly used chucking attachments in a surface grinding machine. The measured results showed good correspondence with the theoretical results which were previously presented by the same author. The normal and tangential components of the magnetic flux density were measured using the gauss meter. The measured results indicated that the magnetic flux density was periodically changing over the transverse position to the magnetic pole. The normal component of magnetic flux decreases very rapidly for the increased z position.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2014

In this paper we derive a Berry-Esseen type bound for the kernel density estimator of a random left truncated model, in which each datum (Y) is randomly left truncated and is sampled if $Y{\geq}T$, where T is the truncation random variable with an unknown distribution. This unknown distribution is estimated with the Lynden-Bell estimator. In particular the normal approximation rate, by choice of the bandwidth, is shown to be close to $n^{-1/6}$ modulo logarithmic term. We have also investigated this normal approximation rate via a simulation study.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.459-483
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• 2022

In the present work, a new photothermoelastic model based on Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory has been constructed. The governing equationsfor orthotropic photothermoelastic plate are simplified for two-dimension model. Laplace and Fourier transforms are employed after converting the system of equations into dimensionless form. The problem is examined due to various specified sources. Moving normal force, ramp type thermal source and carrier density periodic loading are taken to explore the application of the assumed model. Various field quantities like displacements, stresses, temperature distribution and carrier density distribution are obtained in the transformed domain. The problem is validated by numerical computation for a given material and numerical obtained results are depicted in form of graphs to show the impact of varioustheories of thermoelasticity along with impact of moving velocity, ramp type and periodic loading parameters. Some special cases are also explored. The results obtained in this paper can be used to design various semiconductor elements during the coupled thermal, plasma and elastic wave and otherfieldsin thematerialscience, physical engineering.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1996

Amoving aeration-membrane (MAM) bioreactor was employed for the production of 2$\mu$g/mL of tissue type Plasminogen Activator (tPA)in serum free medium from normal human fibroblast cells. This system could maintain high cell density for long periods of steady state conditions in perfusion cultivation. Under normal operating condition, shear stress was as low as 0.65 dynes/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at the agitation speed of 80 rpm. Even though cell density gradually decreased with increasing agitation speed, tPA production increased linearly with increasing shear stress within a moderate range. This culture system allowed production of 2$\mu$g tPA/mL while maintaining a high cell denisty of 1.0$\times$107 viable cell/mL.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.333-337
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• 1992

In order to establish the clinical significance of pubic bone uptake of radionuclide on $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ bone scintigraphs, we analyzed uptake patterns of normal adult pubic bone in 300 randomly sampled subjects. Bone scintigraphy was performed in each patient for the reasons other than pubic or pelvic problems. One-hundred-fifty-four were men and 146 women. The age ranged from 8 to 78 years. The pubic uptake was graded arbitrarily into 4 grades by comparing the pubic uptake density with that of L5 vertebra. Thus, grade I was defined as the L5 density greater than the pubic density, grade II as the L5 density equals to the pubic density, grade III as the L5 density less than the pubic cdensity, and grade IV as the L5 density much less than the pubic density. Statistical analysis revealed negative trend in the pubic uptake from grade IV to grade I with age. There was no sexual difference in the pubic uptake. The women in the 3rd and 4th decades disclosed higher pubic uptake (grades III, IV) probably due to pregnancy and labor.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between obesity and bone mineral density in middle aged women. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized with a check list and physiological measurements. A total of 827 convenient samples were recruited from women who lived in the community. Bone mineral density was measured by T-score using the pixi method of Lumar on the left heel. Descriptive statistics and pearson correlation coefficient were utilized for data analysis. Results: Most were assessed as having normal weight(37.9%) or obese (57.4%) by BMI. Only 32% was assessed as having normal bone mineral density, while 40.3% had osteopenia, and 27.7% as osteoporosis. The BMI scores were significantly related to age, and episodes of fractures. Those with lower bone mineral density reported significantly more episodes of fractures and chronic disease. The T scores of Bone mineral density were significantly correlated with the scores of BMI (r= .126, p< .001). Conclusion: There is a strong need to develop intervention programs for this age group to manage bone mineral density loss to prevent occurrences of osteoporosis, and episodes of fracture.