• Applied Microscopy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1976

성숙한 정상마우스 ( 체중 약 20gr)의 위장관 점막 내에 출현하는 점액함유 세포의 점액질의 화학적 조성을 구명하고자 PAS, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS 염색법을 이용하여 중성점액질, 황화점액질 및 산성점액질의 염색반응의 유무 내지 강약으로서 비교 검토하였고, 또 전자현미경을 이용하여 이들 세포의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 위체부 표면상피에 출현하는 점액함유 세포는 주성분이 중성점액질이고, 약간의 약산성 점액질도 존재하였다. 위소와에 있는 점액세포와 점액경세포는 중성점액질을 함유하고 있었다. 소장의 점막상피에 출현하는 배상세포에서는 약산성, 강산성, 황화점액질이 주성분이었고, 약간의 중성점액질을 함유하고 있었다. 한편, 장선의 장상세포는 비황화 약산성 점액질을 갖고 있다. 대장의 점막상피에 출현하는 배상세포는 표면상피에서는 소장과 대동소이 하였으나 은와부에서는 중성 및 약산성점액질이 주성분이었다. 위체부 표면상피에 있는 점액세포의 과랍은 전자밀도가 높은 것이 대부분이었고, 전자밀도가 낮은 것이 소수 출현하였다. 점액경세포의 점액과립은 전자밀도가 낮았으나, 그 속에 dense core 가 있는 것이 출현하였다. 대 소장 점막상피에 출현하는 배상세포는 모두 전자밀도가 낮은 과립이 존재하였다. 위장관의 점액세포들은 모두 부분분필방식을 취하고 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.700-705
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 식물에서 추출된 천연 클로로필 a를 이용하여 UVB에 의해 유도되는 산화적 손상 및 MMPs의 변화를 평가하고, 콜라겐의 합성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면, 클로로필 a는 UVB에 의해 유도되는 ROS의 발생을 저해함으로써 그로부터 발생할 수 있는 일련의 물리화학적 혹은 생물학적 신호 전달을 방지하는 효능을 가지며, 지질 과산화 역시 억제하는 효과를 지닌다. 또한 피부의 콜라겐, 탄력 섬유 등 기질 단백질을 분해하는 효소인 MMPs의 발현 또는 활성을 억제하고 콜라겐의 합성을 촉진하는 효과를 보여 피부 광노화에 대한 예방제로서 클로로필의 임상 적용의 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 현재까지 보고된 피부에 대한 클로로필의 효능은 DMBA 또는 TPA 등의 화학 물질로 유발된 피부암을 예방하거나 억제하는 효능에 대한 연구가 대부분이었으며, 본 연구와 같이 UVB에 의해 유발되는 세포 반응에 대한 클로로필 a의 효능연구는 체계적으로 이루어진 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 클로로필의 피부암 예방 및 치료뿐 아니라 피부 노화의 예방 관점에서 클로로필의 효능을 검토하고 확인했다는 것에서 의미가 있다. 그러나 본 연구 결과만으로는 클로로필의 농도 의존적 효능에 대한 명확한 판단을 하기에 부족한 부분이 있어 클로로필 효능의 농도 의존성에 대한 검토가 필요할 것으로 보여진다. 클로로필의 농도에 따른 효능 및 세포 독성의 상관성을 파악하고 동물, 인체효능 용량에 대한 연구를 통해 가장 바람직한 효능을 나타내는 클로로필의 농도를 산정하기 위한 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 피부 노화 예방을 위한 유용한 소재로서 클로로필의 임상적 활용 가능성을 판단하기 위해서는 동물, 인체 시험을 통한 클로로필의 효능 검증이 체계적으로 진행되어야 할 것으로 보여진다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2009

본 연구는 비만 여자중학생을 대상으로 12주간 유산소운동군(AEG), 유산소운동과 생활양식수정 병행 실시군(ALG), 대조군(CG)으로 구분하여 이들의 신체구성과 대사증후군 유병률 및 대사증후군 위험인자에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위해 실시하였다. 프로그램 실시 전 연구대상자 전체의 대사증후군 유병률이 48.1%로 나타났으나, 프로그램 실시 후 AEG, ALG에서 각각 33.3, 27.8%의 대사증후군 유병률이 개선되었다. 대사증후군 위험인자는 AEG와 ALG에서 허리둘레, TG, 혈당 및 수축기혈압이 CG보다 더 개선되었다. 그러나 HDL-C와 이완기혈압의 변화는 집단간에 차이가 없었다. 또한 대사증후군의 모든 항목의 변화에서 AEG와 ALG간에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 유산소운동과 생활양식수정 병행 실시군의 이 같은 긍정적인 변화는 생활양식수정 실시의 추가적인 효과가 나타나지 않았음으로 유산소운동의 단독효과인 것으로 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a nitrosamine compound that can induce a variety of liver lesions including hepatic carcinoma, forming DNA-carcinogen adducts. In the present study, microarray analyses were performed with Affymetrix Murine Genome 430A Array in order to identify the gene-expression profiles for DEN and to provide valuable information for the evaluation of potential hepatotoxicity. C57BL/6NCrj mice were orally administered once with DEN at doses of 0, 3, 7 and 20 mg/kg. Liver from each animal was removed 2, 4, 8 and 24 hrs after the administration. The histopathological analysis and serum biochemical analysis showed no significant difference in DEN-treated groups compared to control group. Conversely, the principal component analysis (PCA) profiles demonstrated that a specific normal gene expression profile in control groups differed clearly from the expression profiles of DEN-treated groups. Within groups, a little variance was found between individuals. Student's t-test on the results obtained from triplicate hybridizations was performed to identify those genes with statistically significant changes in the expression. Statistical analysis revealed that 11 genes were significantly downregulated and 28 genes were upregulated in all three animals after 2 h treatment at 20 mg/kg. The upregulated group included genes encoding Gdf15, JunD1, and Mdm2, while the genes including Sox6, Shmt2, and SIc6a6 were largely down regulated. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression also allowed the identification of functionally related clusters that encode proteins related to metabolism, and MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, this study suggests that match with a toxicant signature can assign a putative mechanism of action to the test compound if is established a database containing response patterns to various toxic compounds.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.403-407
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• 2011

A form of polycystic ovary (PCO) resembling some aspects of the human PCO syndrome (PCOS) can be induced in rats by a single injection of estradiol valerate (EV). An increase in sympathetic outflow to the ovary precedes, by several weeks, the appearance of cysts, suggesting the involvement of a neurogenic component in the pathology of this ovarian dysfunction. To test the hypotheses that the change in sympathetic tone is related to an augmented production of hippocampal and/or ovarian nerve growth factor (NGF), and that this abnormally elevated production of NGF contributes to the induction of PCOS induced by EV. The animals were sacrificed after PCOS induction and the ovaries and hippocampus were sectioned and compared to the normal control. The expression of NGF was measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis in the ovaries and hippocampus. EV-induced PCOS showed significant increase of ovarian NGF expression. Immunohistochemical expression of NGF was confined to the follicular cells and interstitial cells. Hippocampal NGF expression was not significantly changed. In conclusion EV-induced PCOS was related to the ovarian sympathetic activation which was mediated by NGF.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1510-1510
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• 2001

NIRS uses reflectance signals resulting from bending and stretching vibrations in chemical bonds between carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen. These reflectance signals are used to measure the concentration of major chemical composition and other descriptors of homogenized and freeze-dried whole broiler carcasses. Six strains of chicken were analyzed and the NIRS model predictions compared to reference data. The results of this comparison indicate that NIRS is a rapid tool for predicting dry matter (DM), fat, crude protein (CP) and ash content in the broiler carcass. Males and females of six commercial strain crosses of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) were used in this study (6$\times$2 factorial design). Each strain was grown to 16 weeks of age, and duplicate serial samples were taken for body composition analysis. Each whole carcass was pressure-cooked, homogenized, and a representative sample was freeze-dried. Body composition determined as follows: DM by oven dried method at 105$^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, fat by Mojonnier diethyl ether extraction, CP by measuring nitrogen content using an auto-analyzer with Kjeldhal digest and ash by combustion in a muffle furnace for 24 hour at 55$0^{\circ}C$. These homogenized and freeze-dried carcass samples were then scanned with a Foss NIR Systems 6500 visible-NIR spectrophotometer (400-2500nm) (Foss NIR Systems, Silver Spring, MD., US) using Infra-Soft-International, ISI, WinISl software (ISI, Port Matilda, US). The NIRS spectra were analyzed using principal component (PC) analysis. This data was corrected for scatter using standard normal “Variate” and “Detrend” technique. The accuracy of the NIRS calibration equations developed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) for predicting major chemical composition and carcass descriptors- such as body mass (BM), bird dry matter and moisture content was tested using cross validation. Discrimination analysis was also used for sex and strain identification. According to Dr John Shenk, the creator of the ISI software, the calibration equations with the correlation coefficient, $R^2$, between reference data and NIRS predicted results of above 0.90 is excellent and between 0.70 to 0.89 is a good quantifying guideline. The excellent calibration equations for DM ($R^2$= 0.99), fat (0.98) and CP (0.92) and a good quantifying guideline equation for ash (0.80) were developed in this study. The results of cross validation statistics for carcass descriptors, body composition using reference methods, inter-correlation between carcass descriptors and NIRS calibration, and the results of discrimination analysis for sex and strain identification will also be presented in the poster. The NIRS predicted daily gain and calculated daily gain from this experiment, and true daily gain (using data from another experiment with closely related broiler chicken from each of the six strains) will also be discussed in the paper.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2010

연부조직만으로 경구개를 재건하는데 있어서는 환자군을 적절히 선택하는 것이 중요하며 골재건이 필요하지 않은 Okay 분류 Ia와 Ib가 주요한 적응증이 된다. 하악이나 구강저부 결손을 재건하는 것과는 다르게 경구개 결손은 구강과 비강 점막층을 동시에 수복할 수 있는 피판이 이상적이다. 이중 저자들은 전완유리피판에 전상판화 방법을 좀 더 안정적으로 시행, 경구개 전층을 성공적으로 재건하였으며, 특히 저작과 연하 등 기능적 측면뿐 아니라 경구개 및 비강의 점막을 함께 복원할 수 있는 해부학적인 장점이 있는 피판임을 확인하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2010

Objective : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the preventive effects of Daekumeumja on fatty degeneration of liver and immunosuppression induced by alcohol in rats. Method : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And Daekumeumja(DK) extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, weight of internal organs, liver triglyceride contents, histomorphometry and histopathological observation of internal organs. Results : 1. In the change measurement of serum components, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of AST, ALT, albumin, ALP and triglyceride in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 2. In the change measurement of internal organ's weight, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of relative body weights of liver, thymus and spleen in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 3. DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of hepatic triglyceride contents in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 4. In histomorphometrical changes of liver, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of numbers of hepatocytes occupied by over 10% lipid droplets, percentages of regions occupied by lipid droplets and mean diameters of hepatocytes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histomorphometrical changes of thymus, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of lobular thickness and cortex thickness in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histomorphometrical changes of spleen, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of splenic thicknesses, numbers of white pulps and mean diameters of white pulps in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 5. In histopathological changes of liver, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed effective inhibition of severe fatty changes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histopathological changes of thymus and spleen, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed effective inhibition of atrophic changes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that Daekumeumja have pharmaceutical preventive efficacy on fatty degeneration of liver and immunosuppression induced by alcohol in rats.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

사람은 채소를 통해 필수영양소인 L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)를 공급받는다. 본 실험의 목적은 비타민 C 생합성 유전자인 GalUR 유전자를 상추 (Lactuca sativa L.)에 형질전환 하고자 실시하였다. (주)농우바이오의 화홍적축면 상추의 자엽 절편체를 선발배지 (MS + 30 g/L Sucrose + 0.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 100 mg/L Kanamycin + 200 mg/L Lilacillin, pH 5.2.)에 치상하여 3주 경과후 자엽 절편체의 절단면에서 callus와 신초가 형성되었다. 그 결과 GalUR 유전자로 상추형질전환을 성공하였고 비타민 C 함량을 분석하였다. 대조구에 비하여 상추 형질전환체 line에서 높은 함량의 비타민 C 특히, GalUR 유전자가 삽입된 $T_1$ 중 일부는 비형질전환체에 비해 $3{\sim}4$배 높은 비타민 C 함량을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 GLOase 유전자 형질전환 상추 $T_1$ 세대에서 고함량의 비타민 C를 함유한 결과와 일치한다. 이런 결과를 기초로 하여 비타민 C 고함량 $T_2$ line을 선발하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.183-210
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• 1999

In order to investigate the protective effect of Injinhotanghapsihosogantang-gagambang on the liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, the serum transaminase(GOT&GPT) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities, triglyceride for serum component, liver weight and glutathione S-transferase(GST), Superoxide dimutase(SOD) were measured. All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with vehicle 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(10mg/kg administrated), sample II group(30mg/kg administrated), Silymarin 200 administrated group. The results were as follows: 1. The inhibitory effects of the serum GOT activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in both sample I (p<0.001) and sample II group(p<0.001). In serum GPT activities, sample I (p<0.01) and sample II group(p<0.01). 2. The inhibitory effects of the serum LDH activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in both sample I (p<0.001) and sample II group(p<0.001). 3. The increased effects of the serum ALP activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were not recognized. 4. The inhibitory effects of the serum triglyceride content level in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were inhibited in only sample II group(p<0.05). 5. The increased effects of the liver weight level in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were inhibited in both sample I (p<0.05) and sample II group(p<0.05). 6. The inhibitory effects of the GST activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were not recognized. In SOD activities, both sample I (p<0.05) and sample II group(p<0.001) showed the inthbitory effects. 7. The inhibitory effects of in the serum GOT, GPT activities in rats induced by d-galactosamine were not recognized. 8. The increases of the serum LDH level in rats induced by d-galactosamine were noted in both sample I (p<0.01) and sample II group(p<0.001). 9. The inhibitory of the serum triglyceride content level in rats induced d-galactosamine were noted in only sample II group(p<0.05). According to the above results, it is considered that Injinhotanghapsihosogantang-gagambang has protective effect against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine.