• Title/Summary/Keyword: Normal Traffic Loads

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The Distribution of the Normal Traffic Loads on the Steel Plate Girder Bridge (실동하중에 의한 강판형교의 교통하중 분포)

  • Woo, Sang-Ik;Jung, Kyoung-Sup
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 2000
  • The objectives of the study are to know the strain distribution and modal dynamic behaviour of steel bridge girders by actual traffic load. The live load effect depends on many parameters including the span length, gross vehicle weight, axle weight, axle configuration so on. For the estimation of static and dynamic characteristic, strain data caused by moving loads and traffic characteristics of passing vehicle under actual traffic load have measured using Bridge Weigh in Motion. To confirm the reliability of BWIM system, strain data measured using the $120{\Omega}$ strain gauge under the same condition. It is considered that the data acquired from BWIM system have reliability through the analysis and comparison between stress measured by strain data from BWIM and computed by FEM. Additionally according to the measured strain data of up-line and down-line on the highway, the up-line bridge grows more faster than the down-line bridge and girder 4 and 5 carry more load when vehicles pass the inner line and girder 2 and 3 does when vehicles pass the outer line as this case(the bridge composed with 5 girders).

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Study on Location-Specific Live Load Model for Verification of Bridge Reliability Based on Probabilistic Approach (교량의 신뢰성 검증을 위한 지역적 활하중 확률모형 구축)

  • Eom, Jun Sik
    • Journal of Applied Reliability
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.90-97
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: Majority of bridges and roads in Gangwon Province have been carrying loads associated with heavy materials such as rocks, mining products, and cement. This location-specific live loads have contributed to the present situation of overloading, compared to other provinces in Korea. However, the bridges in Gangwon province are designed by national bridge design specification, without considering the location-specific live load characteristics. Therefore, this study focuses on the real traffic data accumulated on regional weighing station to verify the live load characteristics, including actual live load gross vehicle weight, axle weight axle spacings, and number of trucks. Methods: In order to take into account the location specific live load, a governmental weigh station (38th national highway Miro) have been selected and the passing truck data are processed. Based on the truck survey, trucks are categorized into 3 different shapes, and each shape has been idealized into normal distribution. Then, the resulting survey data are processed to predict the target maximum live load values, including the axle loads and gross vehicle weights in 75 years service life span. Results: The results are compared to the nationally used DB-24 live loads, and the results show that nationally recognized DB-24 live load does not sufficiently represent real traffic in mountaineous region in Gangwon province. Conclusion: The comparison results in the recommendation of location-specific live load that should be taken into account for bridge design and evaluation.

Effects of Urban Freeway Incidents on Traffic Congestion (도시고속도로 유고가 교통혼잡에 미치는 영향)

  • 권희철;황상호
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.22 no.49
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 1999
  • Nonrecurring congestions are generally caused by random or less predictable events, such as accidents, spilled loads stalled or broken-down vehicles that, temporarily reduce the capacity of the freeway. The purpose of this paper is to present the effect of incidents on the traffic congestion on the urban freeway by simulation method. The simulation scenario is composed of two level traffic conditions, two level incident severities, and eight level incident durations. After incident, the recovering duration to the normal traffic flow, increased by linear of incident duration. Total vehicles travel time increased and average travel speed decreased by squares curve of incident duration. Considering incident impacts, incident management system is evaluated the major function of the urban freeway traffic management system. Also, necessary the related research to detect, verify, and develop effective response strategies for traffic incidents.

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Development of Permit Vehicle Classification System for Bridge Evaluation in Korea (허가차량 통행에 대한 교량의 안전성 평가를 위한 허가차량 분류 체계 개발)

  • Yu, Sang Seon;Kim, Kyunghyun;Paik, Inyeol;Kim, Ji Hyeon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.845-856
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    • 2020
  • This study proposes a bridge evaluation system for indivisible permit vehicles such as hydraulic cranes. The permit loads for the bridge evaluation are divided into three categories: routine permit loads, special permit 1 loads, and special permit 2 loads. Routine permit and special permit 1 vehicles are allowed to cross a bridge with normal traffic. For these two permits, the standard lane model in the Korean Highway Bridge Design Code was adopted to consider normal traffic in the same lane. Special permit 2 vehicles are assumed to cross a bridge without other traffic. Structural analyses of two prestressed-beam bridges and two steel box girder bridges were conducted for the proposed permit loads. The rating factors of the four bridges for all permit loads were calculated as sufficiently large values for the moment and shear force so that crossing the bridges can be permitted. A reliability assessment of the bridges was performed to identify the reliability levels for the permit vehicles. It was confirmed that the reliability level of the minimum required strength obtained by the load-resistance factors yields the target reliability index of the design code for the permit vehicles.

Reliability-Based Dynamic Load Model for Bridges (교량 충격하중의 확률론적 모델)

  • 황의승
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 1991.10a
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    • pp.69-72
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    • 1991
  • The purpose of this study is to develop the reliability-based dynamic load model for bridges. Analytial procedure to calculate the dynamic load is developed. Truck traffic is simulated using Monte Carlo method. Static and dynamic loads(deflections) are plotted on the normal probability paper to estimate the mean maximum dynamic load in bridge lifetime. The results may be served as a basis for new LRFD bridge design code.

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A study on development of methods to rehabilitate the damaged prestressed concrete beam using glass fiber (유리섬유를 이용한 손상된 프리스트레스트 콘크리트보의 보강공법 개발연구)

  • 한만엽;이택성;강원호
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1998.10b
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    • pp.815-820
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    • 1998
  • Many composite girder bridges have been constructed for about thirty five years. Nowadays they are aged or deteriorated because of th increase in traffic and vehicle loads. In this study, the effect of strengthening with glass fiber sheet is investigated to estimate the possibility for appling for damaged prestressed concrete bridges. One normal and eight cracked specimens which had been preloaded were tested. The cracked specimens were strengthened with either external prestressing or bonding glass fiber sheet, or using both methods. The results showed that the maximum loads are almost same for both methods. So it seems that the strengthening with glass fiber sheet can be used for strengthening damaged prestressed concrete girders. It is important that proper devices should be selected to prevent glass fiber sheet from premature bonding failure below its maximum load, which is similar to end anchorage problem in external prestressing method. It is proved that the devices proposed in this paper have sufficient anchoring capability to increase load carrying capacity.

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A Study on QoS-aware Wirelss LAN Protocols Adapting Channel Condition Variations (채널 특성 변화에 적응하며 QoS 보장이 가능한 무선 랜 프로토콜 연구)

  • Lee, Kye-Sang
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.245-248
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    • 2005
  • Wireless LANs based on the IEEE 802.11 standard are widely spread for use nowadays. Traffic which are conveyed over the WLANs change rapidly from normal data such as Email and Web pages, to multimedia data of high resolution video and voice. To meet QoS (Quality of Service) required by these multimedia traffic, the IEEE 802 committee recently has developed a new standard, IEEE 802.11e. Current IEEE 802.11e, however, is not sufficient to support service differentiations and network performance enhancements, under a varying network environment experiencing as varying channel characteristics and high network loads. Recently, there have been much research to complement this deficiency of 802.11e standard. This paper surveys these research efforts.

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Probability Distribution of Track Recording Data (궤도틀림 검측 데이타의 확률분포 검토)

  • Lee, Jee-Ha;Na, Sung-Hoon;Kim, Bag-Jin;Lee, You-Bok
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.310-314
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    • 2010
  • Track geometry changes by traffic loads. The bigger the changes are, the worse the riding comfort and running stability of train. This is so-called track irregularity and is the most important quality parameters of ballasted track. To objectively assess track irregularity, track geometry should be able to be measured. Practically, railway companies in Korea use normal distribution as probability distribution of track irregularity. But some countries use non-normal distribution according to their own track recording system. In this report, reviewed probability distribution of Kyung-Bu high-speed line and tested normality.

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Development of Truck Axle Load Distribution Model using WIM Data (WIM 자료를 활용한 화물차 축하중 분포 모형 개발)

  • Lee, Dong Seok;Oh, Ju Sam
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.5D
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    • pp.821-829
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    • 2006
  • Traffic load comprise primary input to pavement design causing pavement damage. therefore it should be proceeded suitable traffic load distribution modeling for pavement design and analysis. Traffic load have been represented by equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) which convert mixed traffic stream into one value for design purposes. But there are some limit to apply ESALs to other roads because it is empirical value developed as part of the original AASHO(American Association of State Highway Officials) road test. There have been many efforts to solve these problems. Several leading country have implemented M-E(Mechanistic-Empirical) design procedures based on mechanical concept. As a result, they established traffic load quantification method using load distribution model known as Axle Load Spectra. This paper details Axle Load Spectra and presents axle load distribution model based on normal mixture distribution function using truck load data collected by WIM system installed in national highway. Axle load spectra and axle load distribution model presented in this paper could be useful for basic data when making traffic load quantification plan for pavement design, overweight vehicle permit plan and pavement maintenance cost plan.

Effect of Boundary Conditions on Failure Probability of Buried Pipeline (매설배관의 경계조건이 파손확률에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ouk-Sub;Pyun, Jang-Sik
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.311-316
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    • 2001
  • A failure probability model based on Von-Mises failure criterion and the standard normal probability function is proposed. The effects of varying boundary conditions such as internal fluid pressure, external soil, traffic loads, temperature change and corrosion on failure probability of the buried pipes are systematically investigated. To allow for the uncertainties of the design variables, a reliability analysis technique has been adopted; this also allows calculation of the relative contribution of the random variables and the sensitivity of the failure probability.

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