• 분석과학
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2002

전국적으로 67 개소의 하수종말처리장에서 배출되는 하수슬러지 중 nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)를 이염화메탄용액으로 Soxhlet 추출후 GC/MS-SIM방법으로 분석하였다. 대부분의 하수슬러지에서 NP와 DEHP가 검출되었으며 OP는 검출되지 않았다. NP의 범위와 평균 농도는 각각 nd~593, $62{\mu}g/g$ dry 였고, DEHP의 범위와 평균농도는 각각 13~4773, $1176{\mu}g/g$ dry이었다. NP에 비하여 DEHP가 20 배 이상 높게 포함되어있었다. NP와 DEHP의 지역별 농도 증가는 전라남북도 (제주도) < 충청남북도 (강원도) < 경상남북도 < 광역시 < 경기도 순으로 증가하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

Effects of nonylphenol (NP) on gonadal development and growth of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. NP treatment was carried out to fry fish (during 55 to 64 days after hatching) using oral adminstration at nominal NP concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 tig/g BW Gonad before NP treatment was sexually undifferentiated as observed with mostly gonia cells. At 159 days after hatching, ovarian lamella of ovary were filled with oogonia and perinucleolus oocytes. On the other hand, testicular lobules of the testis were occupied by spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. Histological observation of ovary and testis development was any different between the control and NP treated groups. However, growth was significantly increased in NP treated groups than control groups (P< 0.05). These results considerate that NP has any effect for sex differentiation and gonadal development, but act for early growth in olive flounder.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2007

Nonylphenol polyetoxylates (NPnEOs) metabolites; nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenoxyacetic acid (NPEC) (collectively referred to "NPE-c") were examined for their degradations by using of lab-scale UV/photocatalytic silicagel (ultraviolet photocatalytic degradation in the presence of silicagel coated with titanium dioxide as a catalyst) reactor. NPE-c degradations by UV/photocatalytic silicagel treatment reached approximately 85-93 % after 40 min irradiation independently of its initial concentration (between ca. 0.5 and 2.0mg/l). Any intermediates under the NPE-c degradation were not identified by GC/MS sample analysis. Degradations of NPE-c were followed pseudo first-order kinetics. Then, the effectiveness of UV/photocatalytic silicagel treatment for degradation of NPE-c was in the order of NPEC > NP > NP1EO.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2007

Nonylphenol (NP) is an estrogen-mimicking compound or xenoestrogen. This study investigated the effects of nonylphenol on the reproductive status of the equilateral venus Gomphina veneriformis. The experiment lasted 24 weeks, Experimental groups consisted of a control and three nonylphenol exposures ($1.0,\;2.5,\;and\;5.0\;{\mu}g\;NP/L$). Mortality did not differ significantly between the control and the exposure groups. The sex ratio (F:M) was 1:1 in nature and 1:1.03 in the control group. However, it changed to 1:3.5 with $5.0\;{\mu}g\;NP/L$ exposure. Gonad maturity in females was higher in the nonylphenol exposure groups than in the control group. By contrast, in males, it was lower in the nonylphenol exposure groups. Intersex individuals constituted 0% in nature, 3.08% in the control group, and 23.6% in the group exposed to nonylphenol, with female characteristics more prevalent than male. As the concentration of nonylphenol increased, the accumulation of lipofuscin increased in the mid-gut gland.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Effects on nonylphenol (NP) treatment on early development of fertilized eggs and survival of larvae in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Fertilized eggs and hatched larvae were exposed to aqueous solutions of NP at nominal concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L. In the control I and II (methanol-carrier control) groups, the hatchability of fertilized eggs were 90.7$\pm$7.02 and 90.0$\pm$5.29％ (P <0.05), respectively. However, treatments of NP concentrations at 50, 100, 150 and 200 ug/L were reduced to 78.7$\pm$4.16, 46.0$\pm$9.17, 48.0$\pm$3.46 and 33.3$\pm$11.02% (P<0.05), respectively. The time to hatching of fertilized eggs was delayed in high-dose NP treatment groups rather than control groups. Fertilized eggs of NP immersed group could not hatch normally, and also vertebra of the larvae observed as abnormal shape. Cumulative mortality of hatched larvae after 26hr NP treatment was 38.3, 78.3, 88.3 and 100% in NP 50, 100, 150 and 200 ug/L treatment groups, respectively. Whereas, control I and II were 11.7, 16.7% (P<0.05). Hatched larvae showed most death at the embryonic development stage with abnormalities. These results suggest that NP treatment in fertilized eggs and larvae was inhibited as normally development for fertilized egg and growing of larvae.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

The aim of current study was to evaluate the toxicity of nonylphenol(NP) on soil nematode, Caenorhabditi elegans. The stress-related gene expression, growth, reproduction and development have been employed to monitor soil toxicity. The 24-h median effect concentrations $(LC_{50s})$ of NP was $0.15mg/L$. The expressions of vitellogenin-6, vitellogenin-2, cytochrome P450 family protein 35a2 and apoptosis enhancer-1 genes were upregulated in C. elegans by NP exposure. Alterations in growth, reproduction and development were also observed in NP-exposed group and especially hatching failure was observed. The overall results indicate that C. elegans has considerable potential as sensitive markers for NP toxicity monitoring.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

쇠고기 돼지고기 속에 포함된 nonylphenol, octylphenol, bis(2-ethyltexyl) phthalate의 동시 정량방법을 연구하였다. 이 방법에서는 밀폐된 배양시험관에서 이염화메탄을 이용하여 추출하고 용매를 이소헥산으로 바꾸고 aminopropyl 칼럼(2g)을 이용하여 분리한 후 GC/MS-SIM 방법으로 분석하였다. 다중점보정을 위한 nonylphenol(NP), octylphenol(OP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(BEHP)의 회수율에서 NP, OP는 $0.125-12.5{\mu}g/g$, BEHP는 $0.0125-12.5{\mu}g/g$ 범위에서 좋은 회수율을 보였다. 확립된 방법을 전주시와 전주시 근교 마트와 정육점에서 구입한 16점의 쇠고기 돼지고기 시료에 적용하였다. Nonylphenol은 4점의 시료에서 검출되었으며 bis(2-ethlhexyl) phthalate는 전 시료에서 검출되었고, 그 농도범위는 $0.06-0.24{\mu}g/g$과 $0.36-2.35{\mu}g/g$ 이었다. Octylphenol은 어떠한 시료에서도 검출되지 않았다. 이 방법은 매우 적은량의 생체 시료에도 쉽게 적용이 가능하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2004

This study was carried out to survey the pollution of nonylphenol (NP) in surface sediments around Gwangyang bay and Yeosu sound. NP was suspected chemicals as endocrine disruption. Gwangyang bay is located on the mid south coast of Korea. It is a semi-closed bay which Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex, POSCO (Pohang Steel Company) and Gwangyang container harbor are there. The surface sediments were collected at 15 stations with gravity corer at October, 1999, February, May and August, 2000. Also, the stream and intertidal sediment were collected at 5 sites at August, 2000. Concentrations of NP in surface sediments were in the range of 6.89 to 202.70 ng/g dry wt.. Seasonal range (mean value) of NP is 13.98 to 30.48 (23.46) ng/g dry wt. at October, 10.35 to 54.91 (28.10) ng/g dry wt. at February, 29.05 to 202.70 (82.32) ng/g dry wt. at May and 6.98 to 83.40 (25.37) ng/g dry wt. at August. NP was seasonally fluctuated, and the highest mean value and range was detected at May, 2000. NP was highly distributed in the inner part of Gwangyang bay than Yeosu sound. Concentrations of NP in stream and intertidal sediments showed the highest value in downstream near Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex and Yondung stream. It suggests that the source of NP is industrial wastewater and municipal sewage.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2003

본 연구는 환경호르몬(endocrine disruptors)으로 분류되었으며, 에스트로젠 화합물의 특성을 지닌 4-Nonylphenol (NP)이 설치류 Pituitary 세포 중 성장호르몬을 분비하는 GH3 세포의 Nitric oxide(NO)을 증가시키는 작용기전을 규명코자 수행되었다 먼저 GH3세포에 NP처리 농도에 따른 NO의 생성을 측정한 결과 NP처리농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 이러한 NO의 증가가 genomic action인지를 확인하기 위해 GH3세포의 NO를 증가시키는 효소인 neuronal oxide synthase의 단백질량을 측정한 결과 GH3세포에서 NP에 의한 nNOS의 단백질의 변화는 없었다. 에스트로젠 화합물인 NP가 에스트로젠 리셉터 (ER)와의 관계를 조사하기 위해 ER억제제(ICI 168,780)클 처리한 경우 NP에 의해 증가한 NO가 감소하였다. 또한 유전자 전사억제제인 actinomycin D 및 단백질 발현 억제제인 cycloheximide을 처리한 경우는 NP에 의한 NO 증가억제효과가 없었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 GH3 세포에서 NP는 ER을 매개한 non-genomic action에 의해 NO를 증가키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

Previous studies, including our own, indicate that distinct morphological changes in rodent adrenal cortex could be induced by exposure of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). In the present study, we conducted histological analyses of adrenocortical substructure using a nonylphenol-treated F1 rat model. The adrenal weight of NP-5000 group was significantly declined in female rats (p<0.001), while the adrenal weights of NP-treated groups were not significantly changed in male rats. The thickness of zona glomerulosa layers of female rats in NP-5000 group was significantly declined (p<0.001) but zona fasciculata layers were not changed. The zona reticularis layers of NP-treated group were significantly thinner than those of control group (NP-50, p<0.05; NP-5000, p<0.01). In male adrenal glands, there was no significant change of zona glomerulosa layers in NP-treated groups while the thickness of zona fasciculata in NP-5000 group was significantly decreased (p<0.01). Like female rats, the thickness of zona reticularis in NP-treated groups was significantly decreased (NP-50, p<0.001; NP-5000, p<0.05). Present study demonstrated that the adrenal histology could be altered by low-dose NP exposure in F1 rats, and the effect might be sexually dimorphic. Further study will be helpful for understanding possible adrenal pathophysiology induced by EDC exposure, and EDC-related sexually dimorphic phenomena in rodent adrenals.