• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2014

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 흡연 여부에 따른 구강건강 실태와 지식을 통해 대학생 구강보건교육 필요성을 위해 조사되었다. 조사기간은 2013년 9월 3일부터 7일까지이며, 대학생 217명이 연구대상이다. 수집된 자료의 통계분석은 SPSS 19.0 통계프로그램을 이용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 잇솔질 횟수는 흡연자는 2회, 비흡연자는 3회(p<0.05), 남학생은 2회 여학생은 3회로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 스케일링 경험은 여학생이 더 많았다(p<0.05). 두 번째, 구강보건교육을 받은 경험이 있는 대학생 중 비흡연자가 흡연자보다 많은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.01), 흡연과 관련된 구강보건교육의 필요성에서는 흡연자와 비흡연자에서 필요하다고 하였다(p<0.05). 세 번째, 구강보건지식 수준에서는 구강위생용품 사용이 잇몸질환과 충치 예방에 효과가 있다는 것을 흡연자보다 비흡연자가 많이 알고 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 대학생을 위한 흡연관련 구강보건교육 및 프로그램 개발이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate nutritional intake, the dietary behaviors and plasma lipid profile between smokers and non-smokers of college male students in the Gyeonggi Area. Dietary behaviors and attitude toward smoking were investigated by questionnaires. The result obtained were as follows: There was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors. However, smokers tended to eat more snacks and desserts than nonsmokers. In plasma lipid levels, smokers had higher levels of plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol than that of non-smokers(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was a lower than that of non-smokers although the difference was not significant. AI(Atherogenic Index), Total /HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio of smokers were significantly higher than that of non-smokers(p<0.01). BMI and SBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.01) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01). DBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01).

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.889-898
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) according to smoking in the male workers in Gunsan. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 460 male workers in Gunsan from April 13 to 30, 2015. Among 460 workers, smokers were 205 and nonsmokers were 255. The questionnaire included three questions of general characteristics of the subjects, four questions of subjective oral health, fourteen questions of OHIP, ten questions of sobriety test (AUDIT), and eight questions of smoking (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND). Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) for Windows 20.0 program. Results: In the nonsmokers, there was a negative correlation between the alcohol consumption, dental health condition, tooth pain, gum bleeding, and halitosis. The higher OHIP in the smokers had the negative correlation with nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption, tooth pain, gum bleeding, and halitosis. In order to improve OHIP, smokers are encouraged to manage gum bleeding, and non-smokers to halitosis. Conclusions: In order to improve OHIP, cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption is very important and it can lead to improve the quality of life in the workers.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2008

Background and Objectives: Smoking has been identified as one of the main determinants of negative changes on the larynx histology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the voice characteristics and correlation between voice parameters of the smokers with vocal polyp or nodule or both of them. Materials and Method: MPT, $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, NHR of Korean /a/ vowel from 54 smokers and 50 nonsmokers diagnosed as vocal polyp or nodule were analyzed. A Computerized Speech Lab (4400) was for the analysis of each voice sample and statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Result and Conclusion: It showed that we can find difference between smokers and nonsmokers group in MPT, $F_0$, jitter, shimmer were different except NHR. each group shows difference in correlation coefficient between MPT, $F_0$, jitter, shimmer.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2002

Tobacco smoke was confirmed as a human carcinogen by many research results. Because many adolescents stay long time in the PC game room, they are exposed to much of tobacco smoke. To evaluate the effect of passive smoking in the PC game room, airborne nicotine concentrations in 2 PC game rooms in Sung-nam city and urinary cotinine concentrations were measured for 20 adolescents. And the subjects were interviewed for duration and time in PC game room and smoking pattern. Subjects are composed of each of 10 smokers(5 males and 5 females) and 10 nonsmokers(5 males and 5 females). They stayed for three hours in the PC game room without smoking. Concentrations of nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers were 129.72 $\mu$g/$^3$ and 99.99 $\mu$g/m$^3$, respectively. Urinary cotinine concentrations were increased as time goes on after exposure to nicotine and showed maximum value at 9.45 hours after nicotine exposure and were 32.21 and 110.66 $\mu$g/L for nonsmoker and smokers. The more using time and frequency in PC game room, the higher urinary cotinine maximum concentration and the longer using duration, also the more increase urinary cotinine concentration. Urinary cotinine has a tendency to increase by passive smoking. Therefore, it is recommended that the effective control for indoor air quality and extensive research be needed to reduce nicotine concentration by passive smoking in the PC game room.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1980

농촌주민(農村住民)들의 흡연실태(吸煙實態)와 흡연(吸煙)이 혈압(血壓) 및 질병(疾病)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察)하기 위하여 1978년(年) 3월(月)부터 1979년(年) 2월(月)까지 12개월간(個月間) 경북(慶北) 경산군(慶山郡)의 30세(歲) 이상(以上) 주민(住民) 1,504명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 조사(調査)한 성적(成績)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자(對象者) 총(總) 1,504명(名)에 대한 흡연인구(吸煙人口)는 785명(名)으로 52.2%였으며, 남여(男女) 각각(各各) 84.8% 및 30.7%의 흡연율(吸煙率)을 나타내었다. 2. 교육정도(敎育程度)와 흡연율(吸煙率)과의 사이에는 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었으며 종교(宗敎)와의 관계(關係)에서는 기독교신자(基督敎信者)가 타종교군(他宗敎群)에 비하여 흡연율(吸煙率)이 현저히 낮았다. 3. 끽연(喫煙) 개시연령(開始年齡) 관찰(觀察)에서 남자(男子)는 66.4%, 여자(女子)는16.9%에 달하는 흡연자(吸煙者)가 19세(歲) 이전(以前)에 담배를 피우기 시작한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 남자(男子)는 1일 평균(平均) 흡연량(吸煙量)이 20개피 내외가 45.8%로 여자(女子)는 10개피 내외가 24.1%로 그 빈도(頻度)가 제일 높았다. 5. 음주(飮酒)와 끽연(喫煙)과의 관계(關係)에서 남여(男女) 각각(各各) 음주자(飮酒者)의 90.7% 및 60.1%에 해당하는 사람이 흡연(吸煙)을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 신체(身體)에 이상증상(異常症狀)을 호소하는 예(例)가 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 비흡연군(非吸煙群)보다 높았으며 주소별(主訴別)로는 각담, 기침 및 호흡인난(呼吸因難)을 호소하는 빈도(頻度)가 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 현저히 고율(高率)로 나타났다. 7. 흡연(吸煙)과 질병(疾病)과의 관계(關係)에서 남여(男女) 모두 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 질병(疾病) 이환율(罹患率)이 높았다. 특히 만성(慢性) 폐쇄성 호흡기질환(呼吸器疾患)의 경우 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 현저히 고율(高率)로 나타났다. 8. 수축기(收縮期) 고혈압(高血壓)(>160mmHg)과 확장기(擴張期) 고혈압(高血壓)(>100mmHg)에서는 끽연군(喫煙群)이 비끽연군(非喫煙群)보다 고혈압(高血壓) 발생빈도(發生頻度)가 현저하게 높았다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1992

등기류용량의 예측치를 구하기 위해 남자 비흡연자 78예, 남자 흡연자 108예와 여자 비흡연자 48예 합계 234예를 대상으로 80% helium과 20% 산소의 혼합가스를 잔기량 수준에서 전폐기량 수준까지 한번 마신 후(1회 폐활량법, 1VC법) 그리고 세번 연속해서 깊이 들이마신 후(3회 폐활량법, 3VC법)에 그린 최대호기류량 곡선과 실내공기를 이용하여 그린 곡선을 분석하여 등기류 용량을 구하고, 이들 등기류용량과 연령, 신장, 체중, 체표면적, 흡연력 등의 변수를 forward법에 의한 Fatio를 구하여 이들 등기류용량과 가장 상관관계가 높았던 연령(Age, A)을 택하여 흡연자 및 비흡연자에서 1회 폐활량법과 3회 폐활량법으로 구하는 등기류용량의 추정 정상치를 산출하는 회귀 방정식을 구하였다. 1회 폐활량법 남자 흡연자 : 0.614A-2.347 남자 비흡연자 : 0.374A+2.792 여자 비흡연자 : 0.588A-0.114 3회 폐활량법 남자 흡연자 : 0.467A-1.696 남자 비흡연자 : 0.288A+1.538 여자 비흡연자 : 0.367A-0.114.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.471-482
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• 2000

Recent studies have demonstrated that smoking may be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease. Reports have indicated that smoking causes gingival blood flow to be decreased. However, studies on the effects of smoking on gingival blood flow have yielded contradictory results. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of smoking on gingival blood flow. One hundred volunteers(fifty non-smokers and fifty smokers) with good general and periodontal health, aged twenties(non-smoker : 22-29 years, mean=25.36, smoker : 23-29 years, mean=26.64) were selected. Laser Doppler flowmetry (floLAB, Moor Instruments Ltd., England) was applied to measure the gingival blood flow of interdental papilla, marginal gingiva, attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa of left and right upper lateral incisors. In smokers, following an overnight abstinence from smoking, gingival blood flow was measured before smoking, immediately after smoking, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6- hour after smoking from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. The difference of blood flow in each tissue of non-smokers and that of each measuring time and each tissue of smokers were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey test. And the difference of blood flow between smokers and nonsmokers in each tissue was statistically analyzed by t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Mean blood flow was highest in alveolar mucosa, followed by interdental papilla, attached gingiva and marginal gingiva in both smokers and nonsmokers. There was a statistically significant difference in each tissue(p<0.05) . 2. There was no consistent result between mean blood flow before smoking in smokers and that of nonsmokers in each tissue. 3. There was a statistically significant difference between gingival blood flow at measuring time point and gingival blood flow of smokers in each tissue(p<0.05). The present study suggested that smoking could alter the gingival blood flow, thus might be partly contributed to periodontal destruction.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 1993

This study was performed to determine respiratory manifestations of 105 male and 16 female dental technicians who were resident in seoul. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 19% on cough, 40% on sputum, 33% on coryza, and 36% on dyspnea without past cardiopulmonary disease. The number of subjects who was abnormal ventilatory function among % predicted value for FVC(<80%), FEV1(<80%) and $FEV_1$/FVC(<75%) was 18(22%). Indices FVC and $FEV_1$ among smokers were 3 to 6% lower than that of nonsmokers.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2008

Abstract - Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine smoking status and the relates factors in the rural elderly. Methods: This study was conducted with 2,421 elderly people(male 1,273 and female 1,148) residing in the selected 25 villages, and face-to-face interviews with the subjects were made from January 1 through March 30, 2002. Results: The average age of the male subjects was 72.7 and that of the female subjects 72.8. The investigation of smoking states showed that for male subjects, smokers accounted for 49.4%, nonsmokers 26.9%, and abstainers from smoking 23.7% and that for female subjects, smokers accounted for 18.3%, nonsmokers 75.4%, and abstainers from smoking 6.3%. The level of ?low ADL? was significantly higher in abstainers. In men, smoking rate had higher in alone, non-job, queerstreet, 「high ADL」. In women, smoking rate had higher in younger age, queerstreet, unhealthy, 「high ADL」. Conclusions: The smoking rate of the elderly was relatively high, especially at abstainers. The smoking status of elderly was correlated with age, family type, job, economic status by self-assessment, Self-recognition of health status, ADL level.